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Topographic map of the Iranian plateau connecting to Anatolia in the west and Hindu Kush and Himalaya in the east
Topographic map of the Iranian plateau connecting to Anatolia in the west and Hindu Kush and Himalaya in the east
Closeup of the boundaries of the Eurasian, African and Indian plates.
Closeup of the boundaries of the Eurasian, African and Indian plates. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The Hindu Kush is a Mountain range located between Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The Iranian plateau also known as the Persian plateau is a geological formation in Southwest , Southern Asia and the Caucasus . In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia (largely overlapping with the Middle East) is the southwestern portion of Asia. The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East It is the part of the Eurasian Plate wedged between the Arabian and Indian plates, situated between the Zagros mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Kopet Dag to the north, the Hormuz Strait and Arabian Sea to the south and and Hindu Kush to the east. The Eurasian Plate is a Tectonic plate which includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional Continents of Europe The Arabian Plate is one of three Tectonic plates (the African Arabian and Indian crustal plates) which have been moving northward over millions of The India or Indian Plate is a Tectonic plate that was originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwanaland from which it split off eventually The Zagros Mountains (جبال زاجروس (رشته كوههاى زاگرس ( Sorani Kurdish: Zagros - زاگرۆس make up Iran 's and Iraq 's The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. The Kopet Dag, Köpet Dag ( Koppeh Dagh) is a Mountain range on the frontier between Turkmenistan and Iran, extending about 650 km Navigation Ships moving through the Strait follow a Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS which separates inbound from outbound traffic to reduce the risk of collision The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: The Hindu Kush is a Mountain range located between Afghanistan and Pakistan.

As a historical region, it includes Parthia, Media and eastern Persia, the heartlands of Greater Persia (mainly Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan). Parthia (Old Persian Parthava before it became the Parthian Empire, was a Satrapy (province of the Achaemenid Empire. The Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. Fars (pronounced/fɑː(ɹs ( Persian: فارس Fârs) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Greater Iran (in Irān-e Bozorg, or fa ایران‌زمین Irān-zamīn; the Encyclopedia Iranica uses the term For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and [1] The Zagros mountains form the plateau's western boundary, and its eastern slopes may be included in the term. The Zagros Mountains (جبال زاجروس (رشته كوههاى زاگرس ( Sorani Kurdish: Zagros - زاگرۆس make up Iran 's and Iraq 's The Encyclopedia Britannica excludes "lowland Khuzestan" explicitly[2] and characterizes Elam as spanning "the region from the Mesopotamian plain to the Iranian Plateau". The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc Khūzestān (خوزستان is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Elam is the name of an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. [3]

From the Caspian in the northwest to Baluchistan in the south-east, the Iranian Plateau extends for close to 2,000 km. It encompasses the greater part of Iran and significant parts of both Pakistan and Afghanistan, an area roughly outlined by the quadrangle formed by the cities of Tabriz, Shiraz, Karachi and Kabul containing some 3. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Tabriz ( تبریز, تبریز) is the largest city in northwestern Iran. Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. (ڪراچي) is the largest city in Pakistan. It is the world's second largest city proper behind Mumbai in terms of population which exceeds 10 million } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with 7 million square kilometers (1. 5 million square miles). In spite of being called a "plateau", it is far from flat but contains several mountain ranges, the highest peak being Damavand in the Alborz at 5610 m, and the Lut basin east of Kerman in Central Iran falling below 300 m. Mount Damāvand ( also known as Donbavand, is a Dormant volcano and the highest peak in Iran with a special place in the Persian mythology For the Iranian Frigate Alborz see Iranian frigate Alborz. For Alborz High School (in Persianدبیرستان البرز see Alborz High Dasht-e Lut, also spelled Dasht-i-Lut, is a large salt Desert in southeastern Iran. Kerman (کرمان is a city in Iran. It is the center of Kerman province.

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Geology

In geology, the plateau region of Iran primarily formed of the accretionary Gondwanan terranes between the Turan platform to the north and the Main Zagros Thrust, the suture zone between the northward moving Arabian plate and the Eurasian continent, is called the Iranian plateau. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Accretion is a process by which material is added to a Tectonic plate. Gondwana (ɡɒnˈdwɑːnə originally Gondwanaland) was a southern Supercontinent that existed about 500 to 200 Ma ago A terrane in Geology is a fragment of crustal material formed on or broken off from one Tectonic plate and accreted — " sutured " In geology a platform is a continental area covered by relatively flat or gently tilted mainly Sedimentary strata, which overlie a basement of consolidated Plate tectonics (from Greek τέκτων tektōn "builder" or "mason" describes the large scale motions of Earth 's Lithosphere It is a geologically well-studied area because of general interest in continental collision zones, and because of Iran's long history of research in geology, particularly in economic geology (although Iran's major petroleum reserves are not in the plateau). Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Economic geology is concerned with earth materials that can be utilized for economic and/or industrial purposes Oil reserves are the estimated quantities of Crude oil that are claimed to be recoverable under existing Economic and operating conditions

Geography

The Persian plateau in geology refers to a geographical area north of the great folded mountain belts resulting from the collision of the Arabian plate with the Eurasian plate. The Zagros Mountains (جبال زاجروس (رشته كوههاى زاگرس ( Sorani Kurdish: Zagros - زاگرۆس make up Iran 's and Iraq 's The Zagros Mountains (جبال زاجروس (رشته كوههاى زاگرس ( Sorani Kurdish: Zagros - زاگرۆس make up Iran 's and Iraq 's For the Iranian Frigate Alborz see Iranian frigate Alborz. For Alborz High School (in Persianدبیرستان البرز see Alborz High Lake Urmia ( Daryacheh-ye Orumieh; ارومیه گولو, ارومیه گولی ancient name Lake Matiene) is a Salt lake in northwestern Iran The Kopet Dag, Köpet Dag ( Koppeh Dagh) is a Mountain range on the frontier between Turkmenistan and Iran, extending about 650 km Dasht-e Kavir (دشت كوير in Persian) also known as Kavir-e Namak or Great Salt Desert is a large desert lying in the middle Zayandeh River (Persian Zayandeh Rud, from Zayandeh “life giving” Rud “river” (formerly Zendehrood) is the largest river on the central Zard Kuh, (meaning Yellow Mountain Zardkuh or Zard-e Kuh-e Bakhtiari (in Persian: زردكوه بختياري) is located in the central Zagros Dasht-e Lut, also spelled Dasht-i-Lut, is a large salt Desert in southeastern Iran. Hāmun-e Helmand (also known as Hāmun-e Hīrmand or Sistan Lake) is a marshy lake located in southeast Iran near the Afghan border and fed Hazaran ( Hazar, Bīd Khān) is the name of a massif of the Central Iranian Plateau, Kerman province, Iran, an eastern outlier of the The Jebal Barez are a mountain chain in the Kerman Province of Iran. Lake Hamun is a lake in the Province of Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran. Modern Sistan ( is a border region in southeastern Iran (see Sistan and Baluchestan Province) and southwestern Afghanistan (see Nimruz Province The Baba mountain range, or Koh-i-Baba in Persian is a western extension of the Hindu Kush, and the origin of all three of Afghanistan’s major river systems the The Hari River (Persian Rudkhaneh-ye Hari Rud sometimes Harirud) is a River flowing 1100 kilometers from the mountains of central Afghanistan Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd The Amu Darya (formerly Oxus River the Greeks (Ptolemeus called it Oxiana palus) is the longest river in Central Asia. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting The Arabian Plate is one of three Tectonic plates (the African Arabian and Indian crustal plates) which have been moving northward over millions of The Eurasian Plate is a Tectonic plate which includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional Continents of Europe In this definition, the Iranian plateau does not cover southwestern Iran. It extends from East Azerbaijan Province in northwest of Iran (Persia) to southern Afghanistan and Pakistan. This article is about the Iranian province for similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and It also includes smaller parts of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Turkmenistan ( Türkmenistan; also known as Turkmenia) is a Turkic country in Central Asia. Its mountain ranges can be divided into five major sub-regions:[4]

Rivers and plains:

History

Main article: Greater Iran
Further information: Airyanem Vaejah

In the Bronze Age, Elam stretched across the Zagros mountains, connecting Mesopotamia and the Iranian Plateau. Dasht-e Kavir (دشت كوير in Persian) also known as Kavir-e Namak or Great Salt Desert is a large desert lying in the middle Dasht-e Lut, also spelled Dasht-i-Lut, is a large salt Desert in southeastern Iran. Lake Hamun is a lake in the Province of Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran. Halīl River (also Haliri River, known as the Kharan or Zar Dasht River in its upper reaches is river in the Jiroft and Kahnuj Gavkhouni also known as Gavkhuni or Batlaq-e-Gavkhuni located in central Iran, east of city of Esfahan, is the terminal basin of the Zayandeh River Zayandeh River (Persian Zayandeh Rud, from Zayandeh “life giving” Rud “river” (formerly Zendehrood) is the largest river on the central Hāmun-e Helmand (also known as Hāmun-e Hīrmand or Sistan Lake) is a marshy lake located in southeast Iran near the Afghan border and fed Greater Iran (in Irān-e Bozorg, or fa ایران‌زمین Irān-zamīn; the Encyclopedia Iranica uses the term Airyanəm Vaējah, which approximately means "expanse of the Aryans," is a reference in the Zoroastrian Avesta ( Vendidad, Farg Elam is the name of an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding The kingdoms of Aratta known from cuneiform sources may have been located in the Central Iranian Plateau. Aratta is a land that appears in Sumerian Myths surrounding Enmerkar

In classical antquity the region was called Arana (Āryānā), meaning "land of the Aryans", which in Middle Persian was Erān, which became Irān in Modern Persian. Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Old Persian form of the word was Aryānām Xšaθra "Kingdom of the Aryans", the Avestan for was Airyanem Vaejah. Avestan is an Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta. Airyanəm Vaējah, which approximately means "expanse of the Aryans," is a reference in the Zoroastrian Avesta ( Vendidad, Farg

Archaeology

Further information: Prehistoric archaeological sites in Iran

Archaeological sites and cultures of the Iranian plateau include:

See also

References

  1. ^ Old Iranian Online, University of Texas College of Liberal Arts (retrieved 10 February 2007)
  2. ^ s.v. "ancient Iran"
  3. ^ s.v. "Elamite language"
  4. ^ peakbagger.com

External links

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