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"Ipomoea" is also a track by the ethereal wave band Love Spirals Downwards, and a short story by John Rackham, published by Ace Books in 1969. Ethereal Wave, also called Ethereal Darkwave or Etheric Wave in Europe and simply Ethereal in the US, is a term that describes Love Spirals Downwards were an ethereal darkwave, Dream pop and Electronica recording act from California. Ace Books is the oldest active specialty Publisher of Science fiction and Fantasy books
Ipomoea
Ipomoea carnea, called canudo-de-pita in Brazil
Ipomoea carnea, called canudo-de-pita in Brazil
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteridae
(unranked) Euasterids I
Order: Solanales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Genus: Ipomoea
Ruiz
Species

More than 500, see text
Synonyms

Calonyction

The genus Ipomoea is the largest in the family Convolvulaceae, with over 500 species. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its Asteridae is a Botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass has varied with the taxonomic system being In the APG II system (2003 for the classification of Flowering plants, the name asterids refers to a Clade (a Monophyletic group The Solanales are an order of Flowering plants included in the asterid group of Dicotyledons Some older sources used the name Polemoniales The Convolvulaceae, known commonly as the Bindweed or Morning glory family, is a group of about 60 genera and more than 1650 species of mostly Hipólito Ruiz López ( August 8, 1754, Belorado, Burgos, Spain &mdash1816 Madrid) or Hipólito Ruiz, In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic In Biological classification, family ( Latin The Convolvulaceae, known commonly as the Bindweed or Morning glory family, is a group of about 60 genera and more than 1650 species of mostly In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Most of these are called "morning glories", but this can refer to related genera also. Morning glory is a common name for over 1000 Species of Flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, belonging to the following genera Those formerly separated in Calonyction are called "moonflowers". The genus occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises annual and perennial herbaceous plants, lianas, shrubs and small trees; most of the species are twining climbing plants. Botanically an annual plant is a Plant that usually germinates, Flowers and dies in one Year. A perennial plant or perennial ( Latin per, "through" annus, "year" is a Plant that lives for more than A herbaceous plant (or in botanical use a Herb) is a Plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of The liana is any of various long-stemmed usually woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use trees as well as other means of vertical support to climb up to A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or

Contents

Uses and ecology

Whitestar Potato, Ipomoea lacunosa
Whitestar Potato, Ipomoea lacunosa

Human use of Ipomoea is threefold: First, most species have spectacular, colorful flowers and are often grown as ornamental plants, and a number of cultivars have been developed. Ornamental plants are typically grown in the flower Garden or as House plants Most commonly they are grown for the display of their Flowers Other common A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar Their deep flowers attract large Lepidoptera - especially Sphingidae such as the Pink-spotted Hawkmoth (Agrius cingulata) -, or even hummingbirds. Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. For a complete species list of this family see the Sphingidae species list. The Pink-spotted Hawkmoth ( Agrius cingulata, synonym Agrius cingulatus) is a species of Moth in the Sphingidae family Hummingbirds are Birds in the family Trochilidae, and are endemic to the Americas.

Second, the genus includes food crops; the tubers of Sweet Potato (I. Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store Nutrients They are used by Plants to overwinter and regrow the next year The sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas) is a Dicotyledonous plant which belongs to the family Convolvulaceae batatas) and the leaves of Water Spinach (I. Ipomoea aquatica is a semi- aquatic Tropical plant grown as a Leaf vegetable. aquatica) are commercially important food items and have been for millennia. The Sweet Potato is one of the Polynesian "canoe plants", transplanted by settlers on islands all over that ocean. Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over Canoe plants or Polynesian introductions are Plants taken from ancient Polynesia and transplanted to several different Islands in the Pacific Water Spinach is used all over eastern Asia and the warmer regions of the Americas as a key component of well-known dishes such as Canh chua rau muống (Mekong sour soup) or Callaloo; its numerous local names attest to its popularity. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Canh chua (literally "sour soup" is a sour soup indigenous to the Mekong River region of Callaloo (sometimes calaloo) is a Caribbean dish that is most popular in Guyana, Barbados, Grenada, Haiti, Other species are used on a smaller scale, e. g. the Whitestar Potato (I. lacunosa) traditionally eaten by some Native Americans like the Chiricahua Apaches, or the Australian Bush Potato (I. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. Chiricahua (also Chiricahua Apaches, Chiricagui, Apaches de Chiricahui, Chiricahues, Chilicague, Chilecagez, Bush potato, is an Australian native plant It is found in Central Australia. costata).

Peonidin, an anthocyanidin potentially useful as a food additive, is present in significant quantities in the flowers of the "Heavenly Blue" cultivars. Peonidin is an Anthocyanidin, and a primary Plant Pigment. Peonidin gives purplish-red hues to flowers such as the Peony, from which it Not to be confused with Anthocyanin, their sugar containing counterparts Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavour or improve its taste and appearance A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar

Moon Vine (I. Ipomoea alba, sometimes called the moonflower (but not to be confused with the other species also called Moonflower) or moon vine, is a alba) sap was used for vulcanization of the latex of Castilla elastica (Panama rubber tree, Nahuatl: olicuáhuitl) to rubber; as it happes, the rubber tree seems well-suited for the vine to twine up upon, and the two species are often found together. Vulcanization (or Vulcanisation refers to a specific curing process of Rubber involving high heat and the addition of Sulfur or other equivalent curatives LaTeX (ˈleɪtɛ Castilla elastica, the Panama rubber tree, is a tree native to the tropical areas of Mexico and Central America which was in Pre-Columbian Nahuatl ( is a group of related languages and dialects of the Aztecan or Nahuan branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family As early as 1600 BCE, the Olmecs started to produce the balls used in the important Mesoamerican ballgame thus. The Olmec were an ancient Pre-Columbian people living in the Tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in what are roughly the modern-day states The Mesoamerican ballgame was a Sport with ritual associations played for over 3000 years by the Pre-Columbian peoples of Mesoamerica. [1]

The root called John the Conqueror in hoodoo and used in lucky and/or sexual charms (though apparently not as a component of love potions) usually seems to be from I. John the Conqueroo, also known as High John the Conqueroo, John the Conqueror, or John the Conquer root, refers to a number of Roots to which Hoodoo is a form of predominantly African-American traditional folk magic. jalapa. The testicle-like dried tubers are carried as an amulet and rubbed by the user to gain good luck in gambling or flirting. The testicle (from Latin testiculus, diminutive of testis, meaning "witness" virility plural testes) is the male An amulet ( the Elder|Pliny]] meaning "an object that protects a person from trouble" a close cousin of the talisman (from Arabic As Willie Dixon wrote, somewhat tongue-in-cheek, in his song "Rub My Root" (a Muddy Waters version is titled "My John the Conquer Root"):

My pistol may snap, my mojo is frail
But I rub my root, my luck will never fail
When I rub my root, my John the Conquer root
Aww, you know there ain't nothin' she can do, Lord,
I rub my John the Conquer root

As medicine and entheogen

Ergine (D-Lysergic acid amide)
Ergine (D-Lysergic acid amide)
Ergonovine (ergometrine)
Ergonovine (ergometrine)

The third way humans use Ipomoea is due to these plants' content of medically and psychoactive compounds, mainly alkaloids. William James "Willie" Dixon ( July 1, 1915 &ndash January 29, 1992) was a well-known American Blues Bassist For the album by Redman, see Muddy Waters (album. For the college football coach see Muddy Waters (football coach. LSA, also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111, is an Alkaloid of the Ergoline family Ergonovine, also known as ergometrine or d- Lysergic acid beta-propanolamide is an Ergoline (and Lysergamide) derivative, and one A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a Chemical substance that acts primarily upon the Central nervous system where it alters Brain This article is about the chemical compounds alkaloids For the Pharmaceutical company in the Republic of Macedonia see Alkaloid (company. Some species are renowned for their properties in folk medicine and herbalism; for example Vera Cruz Jalap (I. The term traditional medicine ( Indigenous medicine or folk medicine) describes medical knowledge systems which developed over centuries within various societies Herbalism is a traditional Medicinal or Folk medicine practice based on the use of Plants and Plant extracts Herbalism is also known as jalapa) and Tampico Jalap (I. simulans) are used to produce jalap, a cathartic preparation accelerating the passage of stool. Jalap is a Cathartic drug consisting of the tuberous roots of Ipomoea purga, a Convolvulaceous plant growing on the eastern declivities In medicine a Cathartic is a substance which accelerates Defecation. Kiribadu Ala (Giant Potato, I. The giant potato ( Ipomoea mauritiana) is a type of Morning glory plant mauritiana) is one of the many ingredients of chyawanprash, the ancient Ayurvedic tonic called "the elixir of life" for its wide-ranging properties. Chyawanprash, also spelled chyavanaprasha, chyavanaprash, chyavanaprasam and chyawanaprash, is an ancient Ayurvedic herbal Ayurveda ( Devanāgarī: आयुर्वॆद the 'science of life' is a system of Traditional medicine native to India, and practiced in other

Other species were and still are as a potent entheogen. An entheogen, in the strictest sense is a Psychoactive substance used in a religious or shamanic (or entheogenic) context Seeds of Mexican Morning Glory (tlitliltzin, I. Ipomoea tricolor is a species of morning glory native to the New World Tropics, and widely cultivated and naturalised elsewhere tricolor) were thus used by Aztecs and Zapotecs in shamanistic and priestly divination rituals, and at least by the former also as a poison, to give the victim a "horror trip"; see also Aztec entheogenic complex. Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political The Zapotecs are an indigenous people of Mexico. The population is concentrated in the southern state of Oaxaca, but Zapotec communities exist A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities Divination (from Latin divinare "to be inspired by a god" related to Divine, Diva and Deus) is the attempt of ascertaining A psychedelic experience is characterized by the perception of aspects of one's mind previously unknown or by the creative exuberance of the mind liberated from its ordinary Beach Moonflower (I. Ipomoea violacea is a perennial species of Ipomoea (morning glory that occurs throughout the Tropics, growing in Coastal regions violacea) was also used thus, and the cultivars called Heavenly Blue Morning Glory, touted today for their psychoactive properties, seem to represent an indeterminable assembly or hybrids of these two species. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa.

Responsible for the entheogenic activity are probably ergoline derivatives (lysergamides). Ergoline is a Chemical compound whose structural skeleton is contained in a diverse range of Alkaloids and a few Psychedelic drugs Amides of Lysergic acid are collectively known as lysergamides Ergine (LSA), isoergine, D-lysergic acid N-(α-hydroxyethyl)amide and lysergol have been isolated from I. LSA, also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111, is an Alkaloid of the Ergoline family D-Lysergic acid α-hydroxyethylamide, also known as D-lysergic acid methyl carbinolamide, is an Alkaloid of the Ergoline Lysergol, is an Alkaloid of the Ergoline family that occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of Fungi. tricolor, I. violacea and/or Purple Morning Glory (I. Ipomoea purpurea, the Purple, Tall, or Common Morning Glory, is a species in the genus Ipomoea, native to Mexico purpurea), but although these are often assumed to be the cause of the plants' effects, this is not supported by scientific studies which show that although pyschoactive these compounds are not notably psychoactive or hallucinogenic. A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a Chemical substance that acts primarily upon the Central nervous system where it alters Brain The general group of pharmacological agents commonly known as hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories Psychedelics, Dissociatives Alexander Shulgin in TiHKAL suggests that ergonovine is responsible instead, having verified psychoactive properties, though it is not unlikely that yet other undiscovered lysergamides are present in the seeds. Alexander "Sasha" Shulgin (born June 17 1925 in Berkeley, California) is a Russian-American Pharmacologist, Chemist and TiHKAL is a 1997 book written by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin about a family of Psychoactive drugs known as Tryptamines A sequel Ergonovine, also known as ergometrine or d- Lysergic acid beta-propanolamide is an Ergoline (and Lysergamide) derivative, and one

Though most often noted as a drug, the lysergamides are also of medical importance. Ergonovine enhances the action of oxytocin, used to still postpartum bleeding. Oxytocin ( IPA: /ˌɔksɪˈtoʊsɪn/ (Greek "quick birth" is a Mammalian Hormone that also acts as a Neurotransmitter in the Postnatal ( Latin for 'after birth' from post meaning "after" and natalis meaning "of birth" is the period beginning immediately after Ergine induces drowsiness and a relaxed state and might be useful in treating anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorder is a blanket term covering several different forms of abnormal pathological anxieties Fears and Phobias In clinical usage "fear" Whether Ipomoea species are a useful source of these compounds remains to be determined. In any case, in some jurisdictions certain Ipomoea are regulated, e. g. by the Louisiana State Act 159 which bans cultivation of I. Signed into law Jun 28, 2005 and effective Aug 8, 2005, Louisiana State Act No 159 outlawed the cultivation possession or sale of 40 known hallucinogenic violacea except for ornamental purposes.

Pests and diseases

Many herbivores avoid morning glories like Ipomoea, as the high alkaloid content makes these plants unpalatable, if not toxic. Herbivory is a form of Predation in which an Organism, known as a herbivore, consumes principally Autotrophs ref name=Campbell>Campbell Toxicity is the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism Nonetheless, Ipomoea species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths); see list of Lepidoptera which feed on Ipomoea. Caterpillars are the Larval form of a member of the order Lepidoptera (the Insect order comprising butterflies and Moths Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. Ipomoea species are used as food plants by the Larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species including Monophagous species For a selection of diseases of the Sweet Potato (I. The sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas) is a Dicotyledonous plant which belongs to the family Convolvulaceae batatas), many of which also infect other members of this genus, see List of sweet potato diseases. This article is a list of diseases of Sweetpotatoes ( Ipomoea batatas)

Selected species

Ipomoea acuminata
Ipomoea acuminata
Ivy-leaved Morning Glory, Ipomoea hederacea
Ivy-leaved Morning Glory, Ipomoea hederacea
White-edged Morning Glory, Ipomoea nil
White-edged Morning Glory, Ipomoea nil
Vera Cruz Jalap (Ipomoea purga) from Köhler's Medicinal Plants
Vera Cruz Jalap (Ipomoea purga) from Köhler's Medicinal Plants
Ipomoea stolonifera
Ipomoea stolonifera

Formerly placed here

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Massachusetts Institute of Technology Summer Institute in Materials Science and Material Culture: Rubber Processing in Ancient Mesoamerica. Canudos was a town founded in the racially diverse Bahia state of northeastern Brazil in 1893 by Antônio Vicente Mendes Maciel an itinerant Preacher Tung Choi Street ( is a street between Boundary Street and Dundas Street in Mong Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Retrieved 2007-NOV-22.
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