| Ion C. Brătianu | |
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| In office July 1868—November 28, 1868 July 24, 1876—April 9, 1881 June 9, 1881 – March 20, 1888 |
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| Preceded by | Nicolae Golescu Manolache Costache Epureanu Dimitrie Brătianu |
| Succeeded by | Dimitrie Ghica Dimitrie Brătianu Theodor Rosetti |
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| Born | June 2, 1821 Argeş County, Romania |
| Died | May 16, 1891 (aged 69) Romania |
| Political party | National Liberal Party |
Ion C. The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Events in July The traditional period known as "fence month" (the closed season for deer in England ended July 9 (date varied Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Nicolae Golescu (1810-1877 was a Wallachian Romanian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Romania in 1860 and May-November 1868 Manolache Costache Epureanu (1823-1880 was the Prime Minister of Romania as a representative of the Conservative Party two times in 1870 ( 1 May - 26 Dimitrie Brătianu (1818-1892 was the Prime Minister of Romania for a short time in 1881 (from 22 April to 21 June) Dimitrie Ghica or Ghika (1816-1897 was a Romanian politician A prominent member of the Conservative Party, he served as Prime Minister between Dimitrie Brătianu (1818-1892 was the Prime Minister of Romania for a short time in 1881 (from 22 April to 21 June) Theodor Rosetti ( 4 May 1837 - 17 July 1932) was a Romanian writer journalist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Partidul Naţional Liberal ( National Liberal Party) is a liberal party in Romania, and the second largest party in parliament being edged out Brătianu (June 2, 1821—May 16, 1891) was one of the major political figures of 19th century Romania. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania He was the younger brother of Dimitrie, as well as the father of Ionel, Dinu, and Vintilă Brătianu. Dimitrie Brătianu (1818-1892 was the Prime Minister of Romania for a short time in 1881 (from 22 April to 21 June) Ion I C Brătianu or Ionel Brătianu ( August 20, 1864 &mdash November 24, 1927) was a Romanian politician leader of the Dinu Brătianu ( January 13, 1866 &mdash1950 born Constantin I Vintilă Brătianu ( 1867 - 23 December 1930) was a Romanian politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania between 24 November 1927
Contents |
Biography
Early life
Born to wealthy Argeş landowners in Piteşti, the state of Wallachia, he entered the Wallachian Army in 1838, and in 1841 started studying in Paris. Piteşti (/pi'teʃtʲ/ is a city in Romania, located on the Argeş River. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Returning to his native land, Brătianu took part, with his friend C. A. Rosetti and other young politicians (including his brother), in the 1848 Wallachian Revolution, and acted as prefect of police in the provisional government formed in that year. Constantin Alexandru Rosetti ( 2 June 1816 &ndash 8 April 1885) was a Romanian literary and political leader born in Bucharest The Wallachian Revolution of 1848 was a Romanian liberal and Romantic nationalist uprising in the principality of Wallachia. Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: "make in front" i
The restoration of Imperial Russian and Ottoman authority shortly afterwards drove him into exile. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish He took refuge to Paris, and endeavoured to influence French opinion in favour of the proposed union and autonomy of the Danubian Principalities. Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the In 1854, however, he was sentenced to a fine and three months' imprisonment for sedition, and later confined in a lunatic asylum; in 1856, he returned to Wallachia with his brother - afterwards one of his foremost political opponents. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year This is about the law term For other uses see Sedition (disambiguation Sedition is a term of Law which refers to covert conduct A psychiatric hospital (previously called insane asylum, mental hospital; or derogatorily looney bin, nut house or Funny Farm) is Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year
Under Cuza and in the opposition
He was in favor of the Danubian Principalities' (Wallachia's and Moldavia) union, as a member of Partida Naţională. Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians The Partida Naţională ( English: National Party was a liberal Romanian Political party active between 1856 and 1859. During the reign of Alexander John Cuza (1859-1866), Brătianu figured prominently as one of the Liberal leaders. Alexander Joan Cuza (a common old English rendition of Alexandru Ioan Cuza; March 20, 1820 – May 15, 1873) was a Moldavian The Partidul Naţional Liberal ( National Liberal Party) is a liberal party in Romania, and the second largest party in parliament being edged out Opposition to the land reform united the emerging Liberals and Conservatives against the Domnitor and his inner circle. Land reforms (also Agrarian reform, though that can have a broader meaning is an often- controversial alteration in the societal arrangements whereby government This article refers to the Conservative Party which existed in Romania between 1880 and 1918 Domnitor (pl domnitori) was the official title of the ruler of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1859 and Both parties comprised mainly landowners, and allied to block legislation in the Chamber - causing Cuza to impose his authoritarian government in May 1864. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The two-party coalition, remembered as The monstruous coalition, opted for the removal of Cuza. Brătianu took part in the deposition of 1866 and in the subsequent election of Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, under whom he held several ministerial appointments throughout the next four years. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Carol I of Romania, original name Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, later simply of Hohenzollern (April 20th 1839 -
Nonetheless, his very sinuous relationship with the new Prince was the source of several crisis situations. Notably, Brătianu would point to the benefits of a Republican project (which the Rosetti and his left wing of the Liberal Party had never ceased advocating). Republicanism is the Ideology of governing a nation as a Republic, with an emphasis on Liberty, Rule of law, Popular sovereignty Thus, when the experimental Republic of Ploieşti was created in 1870 around a Liberal group, Ion Brătianu was arrested as the inspirational figure, but was soon released. The Republic of Ploieşti (Republica de la Ploieşti was a revolt against the Romanian monarchy in the city of Ploieşti, Romania, on August 8 Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
In 1871, the Liberals organized protests in favor of France - just defeated in the Franco-Prussian War - and implicitly against German Empire, the Conservatives, and Prince Carol himself. Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen Duke of Lauenburg Prince of Bismarck ( April 1, 1815 July 30, 1898) The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The weight of the moment showed the weaknesses of the Liberals, as well as Carol's resolution: the Prince called on Lascăr Catargiu to form a stable and reliable government. Lascăr Catargiu (November 1823 &ndash April 11, 1899) was a Romanian conservative statesman born in Moldavia. The change in tactics forced the Liberals to form their loose tendency as a real Party in 1875. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Alongside several liberal tenets, the new formation took a furter step towards advocating protectionism and persecution of Jewish Romanians (see History of the Jews in Romania). For the protectionist Australian political party from the 1880s to 1909 see Protectionist Party PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The history of Jews in Romania concerns the Jews of Romania and of Romanian origins from their first mention on what is nowadays Romanian territory In 1876, aided by C. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year A. Rosetti, Brătianu formed a Liberal cabinet, which remained in power until 1888 - this marked his coming to terms with Carol. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
Prominence
The government took steps at taking the country out of its Ottoman vassalage; however, it differed from Conservatives in that they saw the main threat posed to Romania in Austria-Hungary. Liberals were of the generation that had truly brought Romanians in Transylvania to the country's attention; on the other hand, Catargiu had signed an agreement with the Austrian Monarchy that awarded it commercial privilege in Romania – while quieting its suspicion towards Romanian irredentism. Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian Irredentism is any position advocating Annexation of territories administered by another State on the grounds of common Ethnicity or prior historical possession Brătianu’s government did not disturb this climate after the Russian alliance proved unsatisfactory, and the two parties resorted to assisting Romanian cultural ventures in Transylvania (until World War I). World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All
He aligned the country with Russia as soon as the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 began – with its chapter, the Romanian War of Independence. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common See also Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878 The Romanian War of Independence was fought in 1877 against the Ottoman Empire. While Romania did emancipate itself from Ottoman tutelage, Brătianu had to accommodate a prolonged Russian occupation, and the Congress of Berlin saw Russia seizing counties of the Budjak that were still Romanian-owned (Romania was awarded Northern Dobruja in return). See also Berlin Conference (1884-85 re Africa and Berlin Conference of 1954 (Cold War Budjak or Budzhak is a historical region in the Odessa Oblast (province of Ukraine. Northern Dobruja (Dobrogea Северна Добруджа Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. In 1881, the country proclaimed itself a Kingdom. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common See also Kings of Romania The Kingdom of Roumania (or ' Romania ' in post-1969 and also current spelling was the old Romanian state based on a form of
The Congress also pressured the Liberals to discard the discrimination policies, and the government agreed to allow Jews and Dobrujan Muslims to apply for citizenship (with a 10-year probation), but continued forbidding foreign-born people or non-citizens from owning land. Islam in Romania is followed by only 03 percent of population but has 700 years of tradition in Northern Dobruja, a region on the Black Sea coast which was part
The Brătianu government introduced most modern reforms in the administrative, educational, economical, and military fields. It celebrated its main success in 1883, when the Liberals managed to have the 1866 Constitution of Romania amended – enlarging the number of electors and establishing a third electoral college, one that gave some representation to peasants and the urban employees. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The 1866 Constitution of Romania was the fundamental law that capped a period of nation-building in the Danubian Principalities, which had united in 1859 An election is a Decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. The move was not radical, and it served to obtain the Liberals political ascendancy: the very first elections under the new law brought them an overwhelming majority.
After 1883 Brătianu acted as sole leader of the party, owing to a quarrel with Rosetti, his friend and political ally for nearly forty years. His long tenure of office, without parallel in Romanian history, rendered Brătianu extremely unpopular, and at its close his impeachment appeared inevitable. Impeachment is the first of two stages in a specific process for a legislative body to forcibly remove a Government official But any proceedings taken against the minister would have involved charges against the king, who was largely responsible for his policy, and the impeachment was averted by a vote of parliament in February 1890. Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Other activities
Besides being the leading statesman of Romania during the critical years 1876-1888, he attained some eminence as a writer. His French language political pamphlets, Mémoire sur l'empire d'Autriche dans la question d'Orient ("Account of the Austrian Empire in the Oriental Issue", 1855), Réflexions sur la situation ("Musings on the Situation", 1856), Mémoire sur la situation de la Moldavie depuis le traité de Paris ("Account on Moldavia's Situation After the Treaty of Paris", 1857), and La Question religieuse en Roumanie ("The Religious Issue in Romania", 1866), were all published in Paris. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia, France Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Keith Hitchins, România 1866-1947, Bucharest, Humanitas, 2004
- Stevan K. Pavlowitch, A History of The Balkans 1804-1945, Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. , 1999
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