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This article describes the comic opera by Gilbert and Sullivan. Gilbert and Sullivan refers to the Victorian era partnership of Librettist W For the similarly named opera by Tchaikovsky, see Iolanta
Lithograph from Iolanthe
Lithograph from Iolanthe

Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri, is a comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. Iolanta (sometimes Iolanthe) ( Иоланта) is a lyric Opera, Opus 69 in one act by Pyotr Tchaikovsky. Comic opera, or light opera, denotes a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature usually with a happy ending Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 &ndash 22 November 1900 was an English composer of Irish and Italian descent best known for his operatic Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (18 November 1836 &ndash 29 May 1911 was an English Dramatist, librettist, poet and illustrator best known for his fourteen It is one of the Savoy operas and the seventh collaboration of the fourteen between Gilbert and Sullivan. Savoy Operas denote a style of Comic opera that developed in Victorian England in the late 19th century with W Gilbert and Sullivan refers to the Victorian era partnership of Librettist W It was first produced in London at the Savoy Theatre, on 25 November 1882, three days after Patience closed, and ran for 398 performances. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Savoy Theatre is a West End theatre located in the Strand in the City of Westminster, London England Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Patience, or Bunthorne's Bride, is a Comic opera in two acts with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W

Contents

Background

Programme from 1883 during the original run
Programme from 1883 during the original run

The opening night of Iolanthe was an occasion for what must have seemed a truly magical event in 1882. The Savoy Theatre was the first theatre in the world to be wired for electricity, and such stunning special effects as sparkling fairy wands were possible.

Gilbert had targeted the aristocracy for satiric treatment before, but in this "fairy opera", the House of Lords is lampooned as a bastion of the ineffective, privileged and dim-witted. Opéra féerie (plural opéras féeries is a French genre of Opera or opéra-ballet based on fairy tales often with elements of magic in their stories The political party system and other institutions also come in for a dose of satire. Among many potshots that Gilbert takes at lawyers in this opera, the Lord Chancellor sings that he will "work on a new and original plan" that the rule (which holds true in other professions, such as the military, the church and even the stage) that diligence, honesty, honour, and merit should lead to promotion "might apply to the bar". Throughout Iolanthe, however, both author and composer managed to couch the criticism among such bouncy, amiable absurdities that it is all received as good humour. In fact, Gilbert later refused to allow quotes from the piece to be used as part of the campaign to diminish the powers of the House of Lords.

Although titled Iolanthe all along in Gilbert's plot book[1] for a time the piece was advertised as Perola. According to an often-repeated story, Gilbert and Sullivan didn't change the name to Iolanthe until just before the première: "At the final rehearsal of Iolanthe at the Savoy, Sullivan addressed the assembled company: 'Ladies and gentlemen. You have been rehearsing Perola but when the curtain goes up the opera will be called Iolanthe. Will you please change the name Perola to Iolanthe throughout. '"[2] In fact, the title was advertised as Iolanthe as early as November 13, 1882 – eleven days before the opening – so the cast had at least that much time to learn the name. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It is also clear that Sullivan's musical setting was written to match the cadence of the word "Iolanthe," and could only accommodate the word "Perola" by preceding it (awkwardly) with "O", "Come" or "Ah". [3] The piece was subtitled The Peer and the Peri. The Peerage is a system of Titles of Nobility in the United Kingdom, part of the British honours system. In Persian, peris (in Persian پری Pari) are descended from Fallen angels who have been denied Paradise until they have done In 1843, Robert Schumann wrote an oratorio called Paradise and the Peri, based on a tale from Lalla-Rookh by Thomas Moore. Robert Schumann, sometimes given as Robert Alexander Schumann (June 8 1810 &ndash July 29 1856 was a German Composer, Aesthete and influential Music critic An oratorio is a large Musical composition including an Orchestra, a Choir, and soloists The oratorio was somewhat modeled after the Opera Paradise and the Peri (German title Das Paradies und die Peri) is an Oratorio for soloists chorus, and Orchestra by Robert Schumann Lalla-Rookh or Lala Rukh (لالہ رخ is the title of a Poem by Thomas Moore, published in 1817. Thomas Moore (28 May 1779 &ndash 25 February 1852 was an Irish poet singer songwriter and Entertainer, now best remembered for the lyrics of The Minstrel In that story, the peri, after expulsion from Paradise, regains entrance by giving the gift of a tear from the cheek of a repentant old sinner. Paradise is a word of Persian origin ( Persian: پردیس Pardìs) that is generally identified with the Garden of Eden or with Heaven.

Capt. Eyre Massey Shaw
Capt. Eyre Massey Shaw

A glittering crowd attended the first night, including Captain (later Captain Sir) Eyre Massey Shaw, head of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade, whom the Fairy Queen apostrophizes in the second act ("Oh, Captain Shaw/Type of true love kept under/Could thy brigade with cold cascade/Quench my great love, I wonder?"). Captain Sir Eyre Massey Shaw (1830–1908 was the Superintendent of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade (now renamed the London Fire Brigade) and its predecessor Captain Sir Eyre Massey Shaw (1830–1908 was the Superintendent of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade (now renamed the London Fire Brigade) and its predecessor On the first night, Alice Barnett as the Fairy Queen sang the verses directly to the Captain, to the great delight of the audience. Alice Barnett ( May 17 1846 &ndash April 14 1901) was an English singer and Actress, best known for her performances in

Musical and textual analysis

Inside of the programme
Inside of the programme

At the time they wrote Iolanthe, both Gilbert and Sullivan were in their peak creative years, and Iolanthe, their seventh work together, drew the best from both composer and author. "[Sullivan] had composed a brilliant new score (his most subtle yet) to a scintillating libretto. . . . Iolanthe is the work in which Sullivan's operetta style takes a definite step forward, and metamorphosis of musical themes is its characteristic new feature. . . . By recurrence and metamorphosis of themes Sullivan made the score more fluid. . . . "[4] Much of Sullivan's "fairy" music pays deliberate homage to the incidental music written by Felix Mendelssohn for a production of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. Incidental music is Music in a play, Television program Radio program Video game, film or some other form not primarily musical Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and generally known as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3 1809 &ndash November 4 1847 was a German Composer A Midsummer Night's Dream is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, suggested by " The Knight's Tale " from The music for the fairies also makes references to the music of other composers, including Richard Wagner. Gilbert, too, was influenced by earlier works, including The Mountain Sylph by John Barnett. John Barnett ( July 15 1802 — 16 April 1890) was an English Composer and writer on Music.

Two characters in Iolanthe, Strephon and Phyllis, are described as Arcadian shepherds. Arcadia was a legendary site of rural perfection, first described by the Ancient Greeks, that was a popular setting for writers of the 19th century. This page is about the proverbial land of Arcadia for the province in modern Greece see Arcadia; for other uses see Arcadia (disambiguation The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Gilbert himself had written an earlier work called Happy Arcadia. Happy Arcadia is a musical entertaiment with a libretto by W S Gilbert had also created several "fairy comedies" at the Haymarket Theatre in the early 1870s. Haymarket Theatre (Leicester|Her Majesty's Theatre The Theatre Royal Haymarket or Haymarket Theatre or the Little Theatre is a West End theatre in These plays, influenced by the fairy work of James Planché, are founded upon the idea of self-revelation by characters under the influence of some magic or some supernatural interference. James Robinson Planché (27 February 1796–30 May 1880 was a British Dramatist Antiquary and Officer of arms. [5] Several of Iolanthe's themes are continued from Patience, including The war between the sexes and the satire on legal and political themes. Iolanthe is one of several of Gilbert's works, including The Wicked World, Broken Hearts, Fallen Fairies, and Princess Ida, where the introduction of males into a tranquil world of women brings "mortal love" that wreaks havoc with the status quo. The Wicked World is a Blank verse play by W S Gilbert in three acts Broken Hearts is a Blank verse play by W S Gilbert in three acts styled "An entirely original fairy play" Fallen Fairies; or The Wicked World, is a two-act Comic opera, with a Libretto by W Princess Ida, or Castle Adamant, is a Comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and Libretto by W [6]

Roles

"She kisses just like other people!"
"She kisses just like other people!"

Synopsis

Act I

Twenty-five years prior to the beginning of the opera, Iolanthe, the mistress of fairy revels, who arranged all the fairy dances and songs, committed the capital crime (under fairy law) of marrying a mortal human. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. The tenor is the highest male voice within the Modal register, just above the Baritone voice This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. The Queen of the fairies commuted Iolanthe's sentence of death to banishment for life on the condition that Iolanthe left her husband and never communicated with him again. A fairy (also fay, fey, fae, faerie; collectively wee folk, good folk, people of peace, fair After the passage of 25 years, the fairies, still missing Iolanthe deeply, plead with the Queen to pardon Iolanthe and to restore her place in fairyland.

Jessie Bond as Iolanthe
Jessie Bond as Iolanthe

Summoned by the Fairy Queen, Iolanthe rises from the frog-infested stream that has been her home in exile. Jessie Bond (10 January 1853 – 17 June 1942 was an English singer and actress best known for creating the Mezzo-soprano Soubrette roles in the Gilbert The Queen, unable to bear punishing her any longer, pardons Iolanthe, and she is warmly greeted by the other fairies. Iolanthe tells her sisters that she has a son, a half-fairy, half-human named Strephon ("He's a fairy down to the waist, but his legs are mortal"). The fairies laugh that Iolanthe appears too young to have a grown son, as one of the advantages of a fairy's immortality is that they never grow old. Strephon, a handsome Arcadian shepherd, arrives and meets his aunts. He tells Iolanthe joyously of his love for the Lord Chancellor's ward of court, the beautiful Phyllis. The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the Government of the United Kingdom. In Law, a ward is someone placed under the protection of a Legal guardian. Phyllis does not know of Strephon's mixed origin. Strephon is despondent, however, as the Lord Chancellor has forbidden them to marry – partly because he feels that a shepherd is unsuitable for Phyllis, but partly because he wishes to marry Phyllis himself. In fact, so do half the members of the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" The Fairy Queen promises her assistance. Soon Phyllis arrives, and she and Strephon share a moment of tenderness as they plan their future and possible elopement.

A cadre of the peers of the realm arrive. The Peerage is a system of Titles of Nobility in the United Kingdom, part of the British honours system. They are all smitten with Phyllis, and they have appealed to the Lord Chancellor to decide who will have her hand. The Lord Chancellor is hesitant to act upon his own regard for Phyllis passion due to his position as her guardian. The Lords send for Phyllis to choose one of their number, but she declares that she won't marry any of them, as virtue is found only in a "lowly" cottage. The peers are unhappy at her rejection and beg her not to scorn them simply because their blood is excessively blue. Strephon approaches the Lord Chancellor, pleading that Nature bids him marry Phyllis. But the Lord Chancellor wryly notes that Strephon has not presented sufficient evidence that Nature has interested herself in the matter. Rules of evidence govern whether when how and for what purpose proof of a case may be placed before a Trier of fact for consideration He refuses his consent to the marriage between Strephon and Phyllis.

Disappointed, Strephon calls on Iolanthe for help. She appears and promises to support him in every way. Spying on the two, the peers — led by the brainless and stuffy Earls Tolloller and Mountararat — together with Phyllis, see Iolanthe and Strephon in a warm embrace. All three jump to the obvious conclusion, since the centuries-old Iolanthe appears to be a girl of seventeen. The peers scoff at the seemingly absurd claim that Iolanthe is Strephon's mother ("She is, has been, my mother from my birth"). Phyllis angrily rejects Strephon for his supposed infidelity and declares that she will marry either Lord Tolloller or Lord Mountararat (". . . and I don't care which!"). Strephon at last calls for help from the fairies. They appear on cue, but are mistaken by the peers for a girls' school on an outing. Offended, the Fairy Queen pronounces a magical "sentence" upon the peers: Strephon shall not only become a Member of Parliament, but will have the power to pass any bill he proposes, including throwing the peerage open to competitive examination. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The curtain closes with the fairies threatening the peers.

Act II

The fairies have come to Westminster and tease the unhappy peers with the success and pronouncements of MP Strephon. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. As the Fairy Queen threatened in Act I, Strephon is advancing a bill to open the peerage to competitive examination. The peers ask the fairies to stop Strephon's mischief, stating that the House of Peers is not susceptible of any improvement. Although the fairies say that they cannot stop Strephon, they have become very much attracted to the peers, whom they find handsome and delightful. The fairy Queen is dismayed by this. Pointing to Private Willis of the First Grenadier Guards, who is the sentry on duty, the Queen claims that she is able to subdue her response to the effects of manly beauty. The Grenadier Guards (GREN GDS is the most senior Regiment of the Guards Division of the British Army, and as such is the most senior regiment of infantry

"In friendship's name!"
"In friendship's name!"

Phyllis cannot decide which of the two selected peers, Tolloller or Mountararat, she ought to marry, and so she leaves the choice up to them. However, Tolloller tells Mountararat that his family's tradition would require the two Earls to duel to the death if the latter were to claim Phyllis. The two decide that their friendship is more important than love, and renounce their claims to her. Meanwhile, the Lord Chancellor has a nightmare due to his unrequited love for Phyllis. The two peers try to cheer him up. At their urging, the Lord Chancellor determines to make another effort to convince himself to award Phyllis to himself.

Although Strephon now leads both parties in Parliament, he is miserable at losing Phyllis. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories Seeing Phyllis, he finally explains to her that his mother is a fairy, which accounts for a good many things! Phyllis and Strephon ask Iolanthe to go to the Lord Chancellor and plead for him to allow their marriage, for "none can resist your fairy eloquence. " Impossible, she replies, for the Lord Chancellor is her husband. The Lord Chancellor believes Iolanthe to have died childless, and she is bound not to "undeceive" him, under penalty of death. However, to save Strephon from losing his love, Iolanthe decides to present his case to the Lord Chancellor in disguise.

Although the Lord Chancellor is visibly moved by her appeal, which evokes the memory of his lost wife, he declares that he himself will marry Phyllis. Dismayed, Iolanthe desperately unveils, despite the warnings of the unseen Fairies, revealing that she is his long-lost wife, and that Strephon is his son. The Lord Chancellor is amazed to see her alive, but Iolanthe has again broken fairy law, and the Fairy Queen is now left with no choice but to punish Iolanthe with death. As she prepares to execute Iolanthe, the Queen learns that the rest of the fairies have all now chosen husbands from among the peers, thus also incurring death sentences—but the Queen blanches at the prospect of slaughtering the whole company of fairies. The Lord Chancellor suggests a solution: change the law by inserting a single word: every fairy who "don't" marry a mortal shall die. The Fairy Queen cheerfully agrees and, to save her life, the dutiful soldier, Private Willis, agrees to marry her. Likewise, seeing no reason to stay in the mortal realm if peers are to be recruited from persons of intelligence, the peers agree to join the fairy ranks. They all sprout wings, and "away [they] go to fairyland. A fairy (also fay, fey, fae, faerie; collectively wee folk, good folk, people of peace, fair "

Musical numbers

Barnett as The Fairy Queen
Barnett as The Fairy Queen

Act I

Act II

Darrell Fancourt as Lord Mountararat
Darrell Fancourt as Lord Mountararat

Deleted songs

Productions

Iolanthe, the first opera to premiere at the new Savoy Theatre, had a successful initial run in London of 398 performances, spanning the holiday seasons of both 1882 and 1883. In an unprecedented first, the New York premiere was given on the same date — November 25, 1882, with the composer's assistant, Alfred Cellier, conducting. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Alfred Cellier (1 December 1844&ndash28 December 1891 was an English composer orchestrator and conductor [8] In Australia, it was first seen on 9 May 1885 at the Theatre Royal, Melbourne, produced by J. C. Williamson. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 James Cassius Williamson ( August 26 1845 - July 6 1913) was an American actor and later a theatrical manager in Australia born in

In the British provinces, Iolanthe played — either by itself, or in repertory — continuously from February 1882 through 1885, then not again until late 1891. From then on, it was always present in the D'Oyly Carte touring repertory, being included in some part of every season until the company's closure in 1982. Iolanthe was not revived in London until 1901, making it the first of the operas to be revived after the composer's death the year before. It was also included in two Savoy repertory seasons, in 1906–07 and 1908–09.

Iolanthe had the distinction of being the first Gilbert and Sullivan opera performed professionally in London by a non-D'Oyly Carte company. It was produced at the Sadler's Wells Theatre on January 24, 1962 at the Sadler's Wells Theatre, less than one month after the Gilbert copyrights expired. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sadler's Wells Theatre is the name of six theatres that have been built since 1683 at a site on Rosebery Avenue Clerkenwell in the London Borough of Islington

The following table shows the history of the D'Oyly Carte productions in Gilbert's lifetime:

Theatre Opening Date Closing Date Perfs. Details
Savoy Theatre November 25, 1882 January 1, 1884 398
Standard Theatre, New York November 25, 1882 February 24, 1883 105 Authorised American production
Savoy Theatre December 7, 1901 March 29, 1902 113 First London revival
Savoy Theatre June 11, 1907 August 23, 1907 43 First Savoy repertory season; played with three other operas. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Closing date shown is of the entire season.
Savoy Theatre October 19, 1908 March 27, 1909 38 Second Savoy repertory season; played with five other operas. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Closing date shown is of the entire season.

Historical casting

The following tables show the casts of the principal original productions and D'Oyly Carte Opera Company touring repertory at various times through to the company's 1982 closure:

Role Savoy Theatre
1882		 Standard Theatre
1882		 Savoy Theatre
1901		 Savoy Theatre
1907		 Savoy Theatre
1908
Lord Chancellor George Grossmith J. H. Ryley Walter Passmore Charles H. Workman Charles H. Workman
Mountararat Rutland Barrington Arthur Wilkinson Powis Pinder Frank Wilson Rutland Barrington
Tolloller Durward Lely Llewellyn Cadwaladr Robert Evett Harold Wilde Henry Herbert
Private Willis Charles Manners Lithgow James Reginald Crompton Overton Moyle Leo Sheffield
Strephon Richard Temple William T. George Grossmith (9 December 1847 &ndash 1 March 1912 was an English Comedian, Writer, Composer, Actor, and singer John Handford Ryley, (c 1841 &ndash July 28 1922) was an English singer and actor best known for his performances in the comic Baritone roles Walter Passmore ( May 10 1867 &ndash August 29 1946) was an English singer and actor best known as the first successor to George Grossmith Charles H Workman ( May 5 1873 &ndash May 1 1923) was a singer and actor best known as a successor to George Grossmith in the comic Charles H Workman ( May 5 1873 &ndash May 1 1923) was a singer and actor best known as a successor to George Grossmith in the comic Rutland Barrington (15 January 1853 &ndash 31 May 1922 was an English singer Actor, comedian and Edwardian musical comedy star Rutland Barrington (15 January 1853 &ndash 31 May 1922 was an English singer Actor, comedian and Edwardian musical comedy star Durward Lely ( September 2 1852 &ndash February 29 1944) was a Scottish opera singer primarily known as the creator of Tenor Robert Evett (16 October 1874 &ndash 15 January 1949 was an English singer actor theatre manager and producer Charles Manners ( 27 December 1857 &ndash 3 May 1935) was an English singer and opera company manager whose real name was Southcote Leo Sheffield ( November 15 1873 &ndash September 3 1951) was an English singer and Actor best known for his performances Richard Barker Cobb Temple ( March 2 1847 &ndash October 19 1912) was an English opera singer actor and stage director best known Carleton Henry Lytton Henry Lytton Henry Lytton
Fairy Queen Alice Barnett Augusta Roche Rosina Brandram Louie Rene Louie Rene
Iolanthe Jessie Bond Marie Jansen Louie Pounds Bessel Adams Jessie Rose
Celia May Fortescue Mina Rowley Agnes Fraser Violette Londa Dorothy Court
Leila Julia Gwynne Kate Forster Isabel Agnew Beatrice Meredith Beatrice Boarer
Fleta Sybil Grey Billie Barlow Winifred Hart-Dyke Ernestine Gauthier Ethel Lewis
Phyllis Leonora Braham Sallie Reber Isabel Jay Clara Dow Elsie Spain
Role D'Oyly Carte
1915 Tour		 D'Oyly Carte
1925 Tour		 D'Oyly Carte
1935 Tour		 D'Oyly Carte
1945 Tour		 D'Oyly Carte
1951 Tour
Lord Chancellor Henry Lytton Henry Lytton Martyn Green Grahame Clifford Martyn Green
Mountararat Frederick Hobbs Darrell Fancourt Darrell Fancourt Darrell Fancourt Eric Thornton
Tolloller Walter Glynne Sidney Pointer John Dean Herbert Garry Leonard Osborn
Private Willis Leo Sheffield Leo Sheffield Sydney Granville L. Radley Flynn Richard Watson
Strephon Leicester Tunks Henry Millidge Leslie Rands Leslie Rands Alan Styler
Fairy Queen Bertha Lewis Bertha Lewis Dorothy Gill Ella Halman Ella Halman
Iolanthe Nellie Briercliffe Aileen Davies Marjorie Eyre Marjorie Eyre Joan Gillingham
Celia Ethel Armit Hilary Davies Ann Drummond-Grant Ana Nicholson Enid Walsh
Leila Betty Grylls Beatrice Elburn Elizabeth Nickell-Lean Doreen Binnion Joyce Wright
Fleta Kitty Twinn Dorothy Gates Kathleen Naylor Margaret Mitchell Henrietta Steytler
Phyllis Elsie McDermid Winifred Lawson Doreen Denny Helen Roberts Margaret Mitchell
Role D'Oyly Carte
1955 Tour		 D'Oyly Carte
1965 Tour		 D'Oyly Carte
1975 Tour		 D'Oyly Carte
1982 Tour
Lord Chancellor Peter Pratt John Reed John Reed James Conroy-Ward
Mountararat Donald Adams Donald Adams John Ayldon John Ayldon
Tolloller Leonard Osborn David Palmer Meston Reid Geoffrey Shovelton
Private Willis Fisher Morgan Kenneth Sandford Kenneth Sandford Kenneth Sandford
Strephon Alan Styler Thomas Lawlor Michael Rayner Peter Lyon
Fairy Queen Ann Drummond-Grant Christene Palmer Lyndsie Holland Patricia Leonard
Iolanthe Joyce Wright Peggy Ann Jones Judi Merri Lorraine Daniels
Celia Maureen Melvin Jennifer Marks Marjorie Williams Margaret Lynn-Williams
Leila Beryl Dixon Pauline Wales Patricia Leonard Helene Witcombe
Fleta Margaret Dobson Elizabeth Mynett Rosalind Griffiths Alexandra Hann
Phyllis Cynthia Morey Valerie Masterson Pamela Field Sandra Dugdale

Selected recordings

Of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company recordings of this opera, the 1930 and 1960 recordings have been the best received, and the latter includes the dialogue. Sir Henry Lytton (3 January 1865 – 15 August 1936 was an English actor and singer who was the leading exponent of the comic Baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan Sir Henry Lytton (3 January 1865 – 15 August 1936 was an English actor and singer who was the leading exponent of the comic Baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan Sir Henry Lytton (3 January 1865 – 15 August 1936 was an English actor and singer who was the leading exponent of the comic Baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan Alice Barnett ( May 17 1846 &ndash April 14 1901) was an English singer and Actress, best known for her performances in Rosina Brandram ( July 2 1846 &ndash February 28 1907) was an English opera singer and actress primarily known for her work in the Gilbert Jessie Bond (10 January 1853 – 17 June 1942 was an English singer and actress best known for creating the Mezzo-soprano Soubrette roles in the Gilbert Louisa Emma Amelia "Louie" Pounds ( February 12 1872 &ndash September 6 1970) was an English singer and actress known for Julia Gwynne (1856 – June 10 1934) was an English Opera singer best remembered for her performances with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company Leonora Braham ( February 3 1853 &ndash November 23 1931) born Leonora Lucy Abraham, was an English opera singer and actress Isabel Jay ( October 17 1879 &ndash February 26 1927) was an English Opera singer and Actress, best known for Sir Henry Lytton (3 January 1865 – 15 August 1936 was an English actor and singer who was the leading exponent of the comic Baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan Sir Henry Lytton (3 January 1865 – 15 August 1936 was an English actor and singer who was the leading exponent of the comic Baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan William Martyn-Green ( April 22 1899 &ndash February 8 1975) better known as Martyn Green, was an English actor and singer Grahame Clifford ( December 25 1905 - 26 January 1984) was an English Opera singer and actor primarily known for his work in the William Martyn-Green ( April 22 1899 &ndash February 8 1975) better known as Martyn Green, was an English actor and singer D-fancourtjpg|right|thumb|250px|Fancourt as Sergeant Meryll in The Yeomen of the Guard ]] Darrell Fancourt ( March 8 1886 &ndash August 29 D-fancourtjpg|right|thumb|250px|Fancourt as Sergeant Meryll in The Yeomen of the Guard ]] Darrell Fancourt ( March 8 1886 &ndash August 29 D-fancourtjpg|right|thumb|250px|Fancourt as Sergeant Meryll in The Yeomen of the Guard ]] Darrell Fancourt ( March 8 1886 &ndash August 29 John Dean ( September 2 1897 &ndash March 20 1990) was an English singer and actor best known for his performances in the Tenor Leonard Osborn ( November 11 1914 &ndash September 28 1994) was an English Opera singer best known for his masculine portrayal Leo Sheffield ( November 15 1873 &ndash September 3 1951) was an English singer and Actor best known for his performances Leo Sheffield ( November 15 1873 &ndash September 3 1951) was an English singer and Actor best known for his performances Sydney Granville, (1880 &ndash December 27 1959) was an English singer and Actor, best known for his performances in Baritone roles L Radley "Rad" Flynn ( June 14 1902 &ndash March 9 1978) was an English singer and actor best known for his performances Leslie Rands ( January 7 1900 – December 6 1972) was an English opera singer best known for his performances in Baritone Leslie Rands ( January 7 1900 – December 6 1972) was an English opera singer best known for his performances in Baritone Alan Styler (1925 &ndash September 1 1970) was an English opera singer best known for his performances in Baritone roles of the Savoy Bertha Lewis ( May 12 1887 &ndash May 8 1931) was an English opera singer and actress primarily known for her work as principal Contralto Bertha Lewis ( May 12 1887 &ndash May 8 1931) was an English opera singer and actress primarily known for her work as principal Contralto Ella Louise Halman ( July 18 1906 &ndash March 20 1995) was an English opera singer best known for her performances in the Contralto Ella Louise Halman ( July 18 1906 &ndash March 20 1995) was an English opera singer best known for her performances in the Contralto Nellie Briercliffe (1889 &ndash December 12 1966) was an English singer and actress best known for her performances in the Mezzo-soprano roles Marjorie Eyre (1897 &ndash December 3 1987) was an English opera singer best known for her performances in the Soprano and Mezzo-soprano Marjorie Eyre (1897 &ndash December 3 1987) was an English opera singer best known for her performances in the Soprano and Mezzo-soprano Ann Drummond-Grant (1905 &ndash September 11 1959) was a British singer and actress best known for her performances in Contralto roles of the Joyce Wright (born 23 June 1922) is an English singer and actress best known for her performances in the Mezzo-soprano roles of the Savoy Winifred Lawson ( 15 November 1892 – 30 November 1961) was an Opera and concert Singer in the first half of the 20th century Helen Roberts (b 1912 Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire) is a retired English singer and actress best known for her performances in Soprano roles Peter Pratt ( March 21 1923 &ndash January 11 1995) was an English Actor and singer who started his career in the Gilbert John Reed, (born February 13 1916) is a retired English Actor, dancer and singer known John Reed, (born February 13 1916) is a retired English Actor, dancer and singer known James Conroy-Ward (born 12 April 1947) is a music publisher and retired English actor and singer best known for performing the Gilbert and Sullivan Charles Donald Adams ( December 20 1928 &ndash April 8 1996) was an English Opera singer and Actor, best known Charles Donald Adams ( December 20 1928 &ndash April 8 1996) was an English Opera singer and Actor, best known John Ayldon (born December 11 1943) is an English opera singer best known for his performances in Bass-baritone roles of the Savoy Operas John Ayldon (born December 11 1943) is an English opera singer best known for his performances in Bass-baritone roles of the Savoy Operas Leonard Osborn ( November 11 1914 &ndash September 28 1994) was an English Opera singer best known for his masculine portrayal Alexander Meston Reid ( March 21 1945 &ndash October 31 1993) better known as Meston Reid, was a Scottish opera singer Geoffrey Shovelton (born 27 April 1936 is an English singer and illustrator best known for his performances with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in the 1970s Kenneth Sandford ( June 28 1924 &ndash September 19 2004) was an English singer and Actor, best known for his performances Kenneth Sandford ( June 28 1924 &ndash September 19 2004) was an English singer and Actor, best known for his performances Kenneth Sandford ( June 28 1924 &ndash September 19 2004) was an English singer and Actor, best known for his performances Alan Styler (1925 &ndash September 1 1970) was an English opera singer best known for his performances in Baritone roles of the Savoy Ann Drummond-Grant (1905 &ndash September 11 1959) was a British singer and actress best known for her performances in Contralto roles of the Patricia Leonard, (born c 1943 is an English opera singer best known for her performances in Mezzo-soprano and Contralto roles of the Savoy Operas Joyce Wright (born 23 June 1922) is an English singer and actress best known for her performances in the Mezzo-soprano roles of the Savoy Pauline Wales (b 1938 is an English singer and actress best known for her performances in the Mezzo-soprano roles of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas with Patricia Leonard, (born c 1943 is an English opera singer best known for her performances in Mezzo-soprano and Contralto roles of the Savoy Operas Valerie Masterson, born June 3 1937, is a retired English Opera singer a lecturer and Vice-President of British Youth Opera The "New" D'Oyly Carte's 1991 recording contains Strephon's cut number "Fold Your Flapping Wings" as a bonus track. [9]

On video, the 1982 Brent Walker production is considered weak. The International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival offers various video recordings of the opera, including its 2002 professional G&S Opera Company video. The International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival is held every summer at the Opera House in Buxton, Derbyshire. [10]

Cultural influence

Impact upon Chief Justice Rehnquist and Lord Falconer

William H. Rehnquist, former Chief Justice of the United States, was a great Gilbert and Sullivan fan. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes -->Sir Harold Malcolm Watts Sargent (29 April 1895 &ndash 3 October 1967 Isidore Godfrey ( September 27 1900 &ndash September 12 1977) was musical director of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company for 39 years William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1 1924 – September 3 2005 was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure who served as an Associate Justice The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U He was inspired to add four golden stripes to the sleeves of his judicial robes after seeing the costume of the Lord Chancellor in a production of Iolanthe. The current Chief Justice, John G. Roberts Jr., has not continued the practice. John Glover Roberts Jr (born January 27 1955) is the seventeenth and current Chief Justice of the United States. Rehnquist, while an Associate Justice, quoted the Lord Chancellor ("The Law is the true embodiment/Of everything that's excellent. /It has no kind of fault or flaw/And I, My Lords, embody the Law. ") in his dissenting opinion in the 1980 case of Richmond Newspapers, Inc. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) v. Virginia. [16] Rehnquist played the silent role of the Solicitor in Patience with the Washington Savoyards in 1986. Patience, or Bunthorne's Bride, is a Comic opera in two acts with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W Washington Savoyards Ltd is the only professional Light opera repertory performing company based in Washington DC. [17]

Lord Chancellor Charles Falconer, on the other side of the Atlantic, objected so strongly to Iolanthe's comic portrayal of Lord Chancellors (like himself) that he supported moves to disband the office. Charles Leslie Falconer Baron Falconer of Thoroton, PC, QC (born 19 November 1951 is a British Barrister and Labour Party [18]

Adaptations

The Ratepayers' Iolanthe was a 1984 musical that won a Laurence Olivier Award. The Laurence Olivier Award is regarded as the most prestigious award in British theatre and is presented in recognition of artistic achievement in London theatre

Literature

In "Runaround", a story in I, Robot, a robot, while in a state similar to drunkenness, sings snippets of Gilbert and Sullivan songs, including "The Nightmare Song" from Iolanthe. " Runaround " is a Science fiction Short story by Isaac Asimov, featuring his Recurring characters Powell and Donovan I Robot is a collection of nine Science fiction Short stories by Isaac Asimov, first published by Gnome Press in 1950 in an In Michael Chabon's 2004 novel The Final Solution, Bruno the parrot sings bits from Iolanthe. Michael Chabon (pron SHAY-bon (born May 24 1963 is an American author and "one of the most celebrated writers of his generation" according to the The Virginia The Final Solution is a 2004 novel by Michael Chabon. It is a detective story that in many ways pays homage to the writings of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

See also

Mount Ararat

Notes

  1. ^ Tillett et al. Mount Ararat (see section Names for other names is the tallest peak in Turkey. 1982, p. 5
  2. ^ Baily 1952, p. 209
  3. ^ Tillett, et al. 1982, pp. 6–7
  4. ^ Jacobs 1984, pp. 176-79
  5. ^ The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (1907–21). Volume XIII. "The Victorian Age", Part One. VIII. Nineteenth-Century Drama, § 15. W. S. Gilbert.
  6. ^ Article on Broken Hearts from the G&S Archive
  7. ^ Includes a brief introduction to "Fold your flapping wings" and a link to the lyrics and a midi file
  8. ^ Information about early American productions
  9. ^ List and assessments of recordings of Iolanthe
  10. ^ G&S Opera Company recordings
  11. ^ Review of 1920 recording
  12. ^ Review of 1951 recording
  13. ^ Review of 1960 recording
  14. ^ Review of 1982 video
  15. ^ Review of 1991 recording
  16. ^ Richmond Newspapers cast at Findlaw.com
  17. ^ Garcia, Guy D. . "People", Time, 1986-06-02. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  18. ^ Green, Edward. "Ballads, songs, and speeches" (sic). BBC, 20 September 2004. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2007-05-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily.

References

External links

Clement Scott ( 6 October 1841 &ndash1904 was an influential English theatre critic for the Daily Telegraph, and a playwright and travel
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