The Introit (Latin: introitus, "entrance") is part of the opening of the celebration of the Roman Catholic Mass and the Lutheran Divine Service. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Divine Service is the term used in the Eastern Orthodox Church to describe the daily cycle of public services celebrated in the Temple (church building Specifically, it refers to the antiphon that is spoken or sung at the beginning of the celebration. This article is about the musical term See Antiphon (person the orator of ancient Greece It is part of the Proper of the Mass; that is, the part that changes over the liturgical year. The Proper (Latin proprium) is a part of the Christian liturgy that varies according to the date either representing an observance within the Liturgical Year

The Introit is best known in the Tridentine Mass; however, it is part of other Catholic Mass liturgies, and even other Christian liturgies. The Tridentine Mass (Missa Tridentina is the form of the Roman Rite Mass contained in the typical editions of the Roman Missal that were published In Ambrosian chant and Beneventan chant, the counterpart of the Introit is called the "ingressa. Ambrosian chant (also known as Milanese chant) is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Ambrosian rite of the Roman Catholic Church related Beneventan chant is a liturgical plainchant repertory of the Roman Catholic Church used primarily in the orbit of the southern Italian ecclesiastical centers "^[1] In the Sarum rite, it is called the "officium". The Sarum Rite was a variant of the Roman Rite widely used for the ordering of Christian public worship including the Mass or Eucharist Many Lutherans also have an introit in their liturgy. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther

Contents 1 Text and liturgical use 2 History 3 Musical setting 4 Footnotes

Text and liturgical use

Most Introits are taken from Psalms, though many come from the rest of scripture. Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Generally they follow the same structure: two to four lines of scripture related to the theme of the feastday or celebration. Most often the choice of scripture passage has something in common with the liturgical readings that will be featured later in that Mass.

The Introit can be either sung or spoken, depending on the formality of the Mass as well as the preferences of the priest and his congregation. A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities Not all Masses have Introits; traditionally the service of Holy Saturday in the Roman Catholic rite does not. Holy Saturday ( Latin: Sabbatum Sanctum) is the day after Good Friday.

In many cases the Introit also serves another purpose: it gives a name to a particular Mass, based on the first word or phrase of the Introit. Since the Introit for a Mass is different for each day of the Liturgical Calendar (sometimes multiple Masses even exist for a single day, such as Christmas), and unique Masses exist for special functions, it provides a key for determining which order of the Mass is to be performed. The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in Christian churches which determines when This is why a funeral Mass is called a Requiem and the second Mass of the Feast of the Sacred Heart is called the Exordium, for example. The Requiem (from Latin requiem, accusative case of requies, rest or Requiem Mass (informally a funeral Mass also known formally (in Latin as the The Feast of the Sacred Heart (properly the Solemnity of the Sacred Heart) is a holy day in the Liturgical calendar of the Roman Catholic As an unusual example, the first Sunday after Easter Sunday, though having no official liturgical name, is colloquially labelled "Quasimodo Sunday" as the first phrase of the Introit is "Quasi modo geniti infantes. Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. The Octave Day of Easter, sometimes known as Low Sunday (and also known historically as White Sunday Whitsunday St . . " taken from 1 Pet 2:2. Even though Latin is no longer mandatory in the celebration of the Mass, the traditional names remain for purposes of organization of the calendar. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

History

The practice evolved from the singing of a psalm as the priest and ministers approached the altar, sung verses having been part of the celebration of the Mass since earliest times. Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included The Liber Pontificalis claims that the Introit originated by the request of Celestine I, but it was in the reign of Gregory I that the familiar form emerged, and Gregory is popularly believed to have composed many Introits himself; he is in fact not known to have composed any music. The Liber Pontificalis ( Latin for Book of the Popes) is a book of biographies of Popes from Saint Peter until the 15th century Pope

Musical setting

In the musical idiom of Gregorian chant, Introits normally take the form antiphon-verse-antiphon-doxology-antiphon. History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions A doxology (from the Greek doxa, glory + Logos, word or speaking is a short Hymn of praise to God in various Christian Introits, like Offertories and Communions, are believed to have evolved from simpler reciting tones. Offertory (from the Ecclesiastical Latin offertorium, French offertoire, a place to which offerings were brought the Alms The Communion is the Gregorian chant sung during the distribution of the Eucharist in the Roman Rite Catholic Mass. In Chant, a reciting tone (also called a recitation tone) is a repeated musical pitch around which the other pitches of the chant gravitate or by extension Introit melodies show this musical parentage most clearly, and are often anchored around two reciting notes which may be repeated or percussed. ^[2] The melodies are mostly neumatic, dominated by neumes with two or three notes per syllable, although syllabic and melismatic passages also occur. Neumes are the basic elements of Western and Eastern systems of Musical notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation Melisma, in music is singing a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession

The Introits of Old Roman chant share many similarities with their Gregorian cousins, and often include a repeated extra verse that fell out of use in the Gregorian repertory. Old Roman chant is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Roman rite of the Roman Catholic Church formerly performed in Rome, closely related

So, for example, in the text used for the third/fourth Lord's Day of Advent, we have the antiphon Rorate Caeli from Isaiah 45:8a:

RORATE caeli desuper et nubes pluant iustum

aperiatur terra, et germinet Salvatorem. Rorate Coeli, the opening words of the Book of Isaiah, 458 in the Vulgate, is a text used in the Catholic Liturgy.

The Verse and Antiphon from Psalm 18:2

Caeli enarrant gloriam Dei /

et opera manuum eius annuntiat firmamentum

Then the doxology.

V. Gloria Patri et filio et spirtui sancto,

R. Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper et in

saecula saeculorum. Amen.

Which is followed by the initial Antiphon (Rorate . . . Salvatorem)

Appropriate to the season just before the Nativity, a translation:

Bedew us, heavens, from above; ye clouds, rain down the Just One.

The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament declares the work of His hands.

Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost,

as it was in the beginning, is now, and will be for ever. Amen.

Footnotes

1. ^  Apel, Willi (1990). Gregorian Chant. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-20601-4.  
2. ^  Hiley, David (1995). Western Plainchant: A Handbook. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. . ISBN 0-19-816572-2.  

v • d • e  Gregorian chants of the Roman Mass
Ordinary: Proper: Accentus:		Kyrie | Gloria | Credo | Sanctus | Agnus Dei | Ite missa est or Benedicamus Domino Introit | Gradual | Alleluia or Tract | Sequence | Offertory | Communion Collect | Epistle | Gospel | Secret | Preface | Canon | Postcommunion

History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions The liturgical rite of the Church of Rome is called the Roman Rite. The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. The Ordinary of the Mass ( Latin: Ordo Missae) is the set of texts of the Roman Catholic Church Latin Rite Mass that are generally The Proper (Latin proprium) is a part of the Christian liturgy that varies according to the date either representing an observance within the Liturgical Year Accentus Ecclesiasticus is a Church music term the counterpart of concentus, indicating those parts sung solo by a clergyman Kýrie is from the Greek word κύριε (kyrie the Vocative case of κύριος (kyrios meaning O Lord. " Gloria in excelsis Deo " ( Latin for "Glory to God in the highest" is the title and beginning of a hymn known also as the Greater Doxology The credo ( Latin for "I Believe" ˈkɾeːd̪oː is a statement of Religious belief, such as the Nicene Creed (or less often another creed Sanctus is the Latin word for holy or saint and is the name of an important Hymn of Christian Liturgy. Agnus Dei is a Latin term meaning Lamb of God, and was originally used to refer to Jesus Christ in his role of the perfect sacrificial Ite missa est are the concluding words addressed to the people in the Mass of the Roman Rite. Benedicamus Domino ( Latin for "Let us bless the Lord" is a closing salutation used in the Roman Mass instead of the Ite missa est in Masses which The Gradual ( Latin: graduale, sometimes called the Grail) is a chant in the extraordinary form of the Roman Catholic Mass The Alleluia is chanted before the Gospel lesson in the Eucharistic Liturgies of the various Christian liturgical rites. The tract ( Latin: tractus) is part of the proper of the Roman Mass, which is used instead of the Alleluia during Lenten or pre-Lenten This article is about Latin poems and songs For the Early music group see Sequentia (music group. Offertory (from the Ecclesiastical Latin offertorium, French offertoire, a place to which offerings were brought the Alms The Communion is the Gregorian chant sung during the distribution of the Eucharist in the Roman Rite Catholic Mass. In Christian Liturgy, a collect kol-ekt' is both a liturgical action and a short general Prayer. An epistle (pronounced) ( Greek επιστολη epistolē "letter" is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of persons usually a letter The Gospel in Christian liturgy refers to a reading from the Gospels used during various religious services and Mass or Divine Liturgy The Secret ( Latin: Secreta, oratio secreta) is the prayer said in a low voice by the celebrant at the end of the Offertory in the Mass In liturgical use the term Preface is applied to that portion of the Eucharistic Prayer that immediately precedes the Canon or central portion of the Eucharist Canon of the Mass ( Latin: Canon Missæ, Canon Actionis) is the name given in the Roman Missal, from the first typical edition of Pope Pius Postcommunion ( Latin: Postcommunio) is the text said or sung on a Reciting tone following the Communion of the Mass

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