Intonarumori

Russolo with his assistant Ugo Piatti and their Intonarumori Classification String Playing range Varied Musicians Luigi Russolo Builders Luigi Russolo More articles Musica Futurista

Internal mechanism of a "Ronzatore - gorgogliatore" intonarumori

The Intonarumori (noise intoners) were a family of musical instruments invented in 1913 by Italian Futurist painter and musical composer Luigi Russolo. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. In Music, the range of a Musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play Luigi Russolo ( April 30, 1885 - February 4, 1947) was an Italian Futurist painter and Composer, and the author of Luigi Russolo ( April 30, 1885 - February 4, 1947) was an Italian Futurist painter and Composer, and the author of Musica Futurista The Art of Noises is a collection of Music and Spoken word from the Italian Futurist movement of 1909-1935 A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Futurism was an Art movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century Luigi Russolo ( April 30, 1885 - February 4, 1947) was an Italian Futurist painter and Composer, and the author of They were devices for producing a broad spectrum of modulated, rhythmic sounds similar to those made by machines, but without imitating or reproducing them. In Telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a periodic Waveform, i Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of Sound' is Vibration transmitted through a Solid, Liquid, or Gas; particularly sound means those vibrations composed of Frequencies A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity Unfortunately, none of the original intonarumori survived World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Construction

Intonarumori schematic drawing

Although there were several varieties of intonarumori, they each were created with the same basic structure. A schematic is a diagram that represents the elements of a System using abstract graphic Symbols rather than realistic pictures Each instrument was constructed of a parallelepiped wooden sound box with a metal radiating horn on its front side. Properties Any of the three pairs of parallel faces can be viewed as the base planes of the prism A sound box or sounding box, (sometimes written soundbox) is an open chamber in the body of a Musical instrument which alters the instrument's tone quality A horn is a tapered sound guide designed to provide an acoustic impedance match between a sound source and free air Inside the box was a wheel that, when turned by means of a crank or electric button, caused a catgut or metal string to vibrate. A wheel is a circular device that is capable of rotating on its axis facilitating movement or transportation whilst supporting a load ( Mass) or performing labour in machines Catgut is the name applied to cord of great toughness and tenacity prepared from the Intestines of the Sheep or Goat, or occasionally from those of the The wheel could be made of either metal or wood, and the shape and diameter of the wheel varied depending on the model. Geometry, a diameter of a Circle is any straight Line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose Endpoints are on the At one end of the string there was a drumhead that transmits the vibrations to the speaker. A drumhead is a membrane stretched over one or both of the open ends of a Drum. Vibration refers to mechanical Oscillations about an equilibrium point. The pitch of the vibrating string was controlled by both the speed that the wheel was cranked and by the tension of the string, which was controlled by a lever on top of the box. Pitch represents the perceived Fundamental frequency of a sound The lever allowed the performer to play glissandos or specific notes, and also allowed the performer to change the pitch by small intervals. " Glissando " (plural glissandi abbreviated gliss is a glide from one pitch to another In Music, the term note has two primary meanings 1 a sign used in Musical notation to represent the relative duration and pitch of a Sound; In Music theory, the term interval describes the relationship between the pitches of two Notes Intervals may be described as vertical The intonarumori often had a range of more than an octave. In Music, the range of a Musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play In Music, an octave ( is the the use of which is "common in most musical systems ^[1]

Russolo created twenty-seven varieties of intonarumori, each with a different name according to the sound produced. Luigi Russolo ( April 30, 1885 - February 4, 1947) was an Italian Futurist painter and Composer, and the author of Examples include^[2]:

• Gracidatore (the Croaker)
• Crepitatore (the Cracker)
• Stroppicciatore (the Rubber)
• Scoppiatore (the Burster)
• Sibilatore (the Whistler)
• Gorgogliatore (the Gurgler)
• Ululatore (the Howler)
• Ronzatore (the Hummer)

The invention of the intonarumori was the natural outcome of Russolo's musical theories expounded in his 1913 manifesto L'arte dei rumori (The Art of Noises) in which he presented his ideas about the use of noises in music. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the Roxy Music album see Manifesto (album. A manifesto is a public declaration of principles and intentions often The Art of Noises (L'arte dei Rumori is a Futurist manifesto written by Luigi Russolo in a 1913 letter to friend and Futurist composer Francesco is a one volume manga created by Tsutomu Nihei as a prequel to his ten-volume work Blame!. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time.

In 1914, Russolo explained his process on invention:

Performance and Reception

Intonarumori orchestra, Paris 1921

Enharmonic notation for intonarumori by Luigi Russolo ("Risveglio di una città")

The first public performance of the intonarumori took place in 1913 at Modena's Teatro Storchi, where Russolo performed a detonatore, or "exploder". Modena (ˈmɔːdena Mòdna in Modenese dialect is a city and a Comune ( Municipality) on the south side of the Po valley, in the In 1914 Russolo and gave 12 performances of the Intonorumori at the London Coliseum, as well as performances at the Teatro Storchi in Modena, the Teatro Dal Verme in Milan, and the Teatro Politeama in Genoa. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Coliseum Theatre (also known as the London Coliseum) is on St Modena (ˈmɔːdena Mòdna in Modenese dialect is a city and a Comune ( Municipality) on the south side of the Po valley, in the The Teatro Dal Verme is a theatre in Milan, Italy located on the Via San Giovanni sul Muro on the site of the former private theatre the Politeama Ciniselli Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English The performances were controversial but on the whole well received, and it was reported that 30,000 people had witnessed the "music of the future". ^[4]

Russolo's musical experimentation was interrupted by the outbreak of the first world war in 1914. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Russolo sustained serious head injuries during the war and, after a long convalescence, fled fascist Italy and resettled in Paris, where he continued to develop his noise machines. The term Italian Fascism denotes the totalitarian Fascismo political movement that ruled Italy from 1922 until 1943 under leader Benito Mussolini Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city He presented three concerts in Paris at the Théatre des Champs-Elysées and, in 1922, participated in Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's play Il tamburo di fuoco with some musical backgrounds made with the intonarumori. The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées is a Parisian Theatre, famous for being the place of the scandal related to the first performance of Igor Stravinsky Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti ( December 22, 1876 – December 2, 1944) was an Italian ideologue His concerts during the 1920's still caused fierce controversy, but also impressed several outstanding composers such as Milhaud, Ravel, Honegger, and avant-garde composer Edgard Varèse. Darius Milhaud (darjys mijo (September 4 1892 &ndash June 22 1974 was a French Composer and teacher Arthur Honegger (March 10 1892 &ndash November 27 1955 was a Swiss Composer, who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varèse, whose name was also spelled Edgar Varèse ^[5]

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, the Italian poet and Futurist movement founder, described the experience of performing with the Intonarumori before an audience as "showing the first steam engine to a herd of cows. Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti ( December 22, 1876 – December 2, 1944) was an Italian ideologue Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Futurism was an Art movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century "^[6]

Musical Notation

Russolo expanded the ideas from The Art of Noises in an 1914 article entitled Grafia enarmonica per gli intonarumori futuristi (Enharmonic Notation for the Futurist Intonarumori). The Art of Noises (L'arte dei Rumori is a Futurist manifesto written by Luigi Russolo in a 1913 letter to friend and Futurist composer Francesco Published in Lacerba magazine, this essay introduced a new type of musical notation which is still used among electronic music composers today. See also Modern musical symbols Music notation or musical notation is any system which represents aurally perceived Music through the use Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production ^[7]

Audio

• Three audio clips by Luigi Russolo: Serenata, Corale and Risveglio di una città. (Thereminvox.com)
• Modern recordings of noise intoners and a fragment of Luigi Russolo's key Futurist composition Veglio di una città (The Awakening of a City) can be heard on the audio CD Musica Futurista: The Art of Noises.
• UbuWeb Dada for Now, 1985, UK featuring Russolo's Veglio di una città.

See also

• Musica Futurista
• custom-made instruments
• list of custom-made instrument builders

Notes and references

External links

• Intonarumori: history, working and photographs of the Intonarumori (noise makers). (Thereminvox.com)
• Modern Intonarumori reproductions and acoustics
• Intonarumori
• UbuWeb Dada for Now, 1985, UK featuring Russolo's Veglio di una città.
• The Futurist Moment: Howlers, Exploders, Crumplers, Hissers, and Scrapers by Kenneth Goldsmith