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"Interbellum" redirects here. For other uses, see Interbellum (disambiguation).
Europe between 1920 and 1938.
Europe between 1920 and 1938.

The interwar period (1918-1939) is understood within Western culture to be the period between the end of the First World War and the beginning of the Second World War. Western culture (sometimes equated with Western Civilization) are terms which are used to refer to Cultures of European origin World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including This is also called the period between the wars or (in American English) interbellum. This period was marked by turmoil in much of the world, as Europe struggled to recover from the devastation of the First World War. In North America especially the first half of this period was one of considerable prosperity (the Roaring Twenties), but this changed dramatically with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. Roaring Twenties is a phrase used to describe the 1920s principally in North America, that emphasizes the period's social artistic and cultural dynamism Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It was at this time that the Weimar Republic in Germany gave way to two episodes of political and economic turmoil, the first culminated with the German hyperinflation of 1923 and the failed Beer Hall Putsch of that same year and, in the second one, rise of Nazism, who had previously tried to overthrow the Weimar Republic by force. The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Certain figures in this article use Scientific notation for readability The Beer Hall Putsch (also known as the Munich Putsch) was a failed Coup d'état that occurred between the evening of Thursday November 8 Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers In Asia, Japan became an ever more assertive power, especially with regards to China. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

The interwar period was marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre-World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries. The League of Nations was an International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920 This institution was hit by a number of issues that undermined its effectiveness and its legitimacy.

The new League of Nations found itself increasingly discredited through a series of crises, the most important the invasion of Manchuria by Japan . The League of Nations was an International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920 Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. This event alone is seen as the first step towards the Second World War . World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The second event that was a crisis to the League was the Abyssinian crisis of 1935/36 in which Italy attacked Abyssinia. See also First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Second Italo–Abyssinian War (also referred to as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War) was a The League tried to enforce economic sanctions upon Italy but to no avail. Abyssinia was successfully defeated by Italy. From this incident the league showed its weaknesses, it showed that even though sanctions were imposed upon Italy they were not able to take them further than they could have. This is because neither France or Britain wanted to alienate Italy and lose her as their ally, though the limited actions they took still did push Mussolini's Italy towards alliance with Hitler's Germany. From this crisis Italy felt great resentment towards the League, it withdrew in 1937 and now looked to Germany as an ally. This incident showed Hitler how weak the League was and encouraged him to take his first action in breaking the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, remilitarising the Rhineland. This was the first in a series of provocative acts on his part that eventually led to the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the beginning of the Second World War.

Interwar period events

The following are some links to sample interwar period events or issues. The links are presented by country:

Historical era

Preceded by
World War I		 World History
1918–1939		 Succeeded by
World War II

See also

The History of Albania began over two millennia ago with tribes of uncertain origin populating the area The Corfu Incident was a diplomatic emergency in 1923 between Greece and Italy under the newly empowered dictator Benito Mussolini. The Italian invasion of Albania ( April 7 &ndash April 12, 1939) was a brief military campaign by the Kingdom of Italy against the Albanian This is the history of Austria. See also the History of Europe and History of present-day nations and states. The ( German: "link-up" also known as the, was the 1938 Annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi The history of Belgium, from pre-history to the present day is intertwined with the histories of its European neighbours in particular those of the Netherlands The Occupation of the Rhineland gave the French and Belgian armies the springboard from which it was easy to undertake the occupation of the Ruhr. This is the History of Bolivia.See also the History of Latin America, the History of the Americas, and the History of present-day nations The Chaco War (1932&ndash1935 was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of a great part of the Gran Chaco region of South America The History of Bulgaria as a separate country began in 632 AD with the establishment of Old Great Bulgaria, which stretched from east of the Sea The Bulgarian coup d'état of 1923, also known as the 9 June coup d'état (Деветоюнски преврат Devetoyunski prevrat) was a Coup d'état Inhabited for millennia by First Nations ( aboriginal) the history of Canada has evolved from a group of European colonies into an officially World War I See also Military history of Canada during World War I On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary This article discusses history of the state which currently governs Taiwan Area. The Warlord era is the period in the History of the Republic of China, from 1916 to the late-1930s when the country was divided among military cliques, a division The Northern Expedition ( was a military campaign led by the Kuomintang (KMT from 1926 to 1928. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern On September 18, 1931, near Mukden (now Shenyang) in southern Manchuria, a section of railroad owned by Japan 's South Manchuria The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the With the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy at the end of World War I, the independent country of Czechoslovakia ( Slovak: Česko-Slovensko Czech Border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia began in 1918 between the Second Polish Republic and Czechoslovakia, both freshly created states The Munich Agreement (Mnichovská dohoda Mníchovská dohoda Münchner Abkommen Accords de Munich was an agreement regarding the Sudetenland, which were areas along borders Following the Anschluss of Nazi Germany and Austria in March 1938 Nazi leader Adolf Hitler 's next target for annexation was Czechoslovakia Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, with one of the longest recorded histories in the world See also First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Second Italo–Abyssinian War (also referred to as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War) was a The History of France has been divided into a series of separate historical articles navigable through the list to the right The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The Occupation of the Rhineland gave the French and Belgian armies the springboard from which it was easy to undertake the occupation of the Ruhr. France was a dominant empire in the world from the 1600s to the late 1960s possessing many colonies in various locations around the world The Rif War of 1920, also called the Second Moroccan War, was fought between Spain (later assisted by France) and the Moroccan Rif The Battle of Maysalun, also called The Battle of Maysalun Pass, took place between Syrian and French forces about 12 miles west of Damascus The Popular Front (French Front populaire) was an alliance of left-wing movements including the French Communist Party (PCF the Socialist Despite the lack of a German nation state prior to 1871 the History of Germany dates back to the era of the Germanic tribes. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The Spartacist uprising, also known as the January uprising, was a General strike (and the armed battles accompanying it in Germany from January 5 The designation of Freikorps ( German for "Free Corps " was originally applied to voluntary armies formed in German lands from the middle of 18th century The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 The Beer Hall Putsch (also known as the Munich Putsch) was a failed Coup d'état that occurred between the evening of Thursday November 8 The Silesian Uprisings (Aufstände in Oberschlesien Powstania śląskie were a series of three armed uprisings of the Poles and Polish Silesians Background Giving Poland access to the sea was one of the guarantees proposed by the United States President Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen The Enabling Act ( in German) was passed by the Reichstag ( Germany 's parliament on March 23, 1933 and signed Gleichschaltung, meaning "coordination" "making the same" "bringing into line" is a Nazi term for the process by which the ( German for " habitat " or literally "living space" served as a major motivation for Nazi Germany 's territorial aggression The Occupation of the Rhineland gave the French and Belgian armies the springboard from which it was easy to undertake the occupation of the Ruhr. The Territory of the Saar Basin (in French: Le Territoire du Bassin de la Sarre, in German: Saarbeckengebiet) also referred as the Saar On 27 February 1933, the Reichstag building was subject to an arson attack and as a result seen as the pivotal event in the establishment of Nazi Germany The Remilitarization of the Rhineland by the German Army took place on 7 March 1936 when German forces entered the Rhineland. The Night of the Long Knives (German) or " Operation Hummingbird " was a Purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July The ( German: "link-up" also known as the, was the 1938 Annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi The Munich Agreement (Mnichovská dohoda Mníchovská dohoda Münchner Abkommen Accords de Munich was an agreement regarding the Sudetenland, which were areas along borders Following the Anschluss of Nazi Germany and Austria in March 1938 Nazi leader Adolf Hitler 's next target for annexation was Czechoslovakia 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania was an oral Ultimatum presented to Juozas Urbšys, Foreign Minister of Lithuania, by Joachim von Ribbentrop Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The History of Greece traditionally encompasses the study of the Greek people, the areas they ruled historically and the territory now composing the modern state of The Corfu Incident was a diplomatic emergency in 1923 between Greece and Italy under the newly empowered dictator Benito Mussolini. See also the History of Europe, the History of present-day nations and states, Pannonian basin before Hungary, and Hungary. The Treaty of Trianon is the peace treaty concluded at the end of World War I by the Allies of World War I, on one side and Hungary, seen as a successor The Hungarian Soviet Republic or Soviet Republic of Hungary (Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság was a Communist regime established in Hungary from See also Greater Hungary (disambiguation page Greater Hungary (Nagy-Magyarország was an official political goal of the Hungarian The Vienna Awards are two arbitral awards by which arbiters of Germany and Italy sought to enforce peacefully the claims of Hungary on territory it In the traditional terminology of Heraldry, this symbol was called a "cross barby" or "cross barbee" This article is about the history of South Asia prior to the Partition of British India in 1947 The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, was named after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden in the northern Indian city of Amritsar The history of Ireland begins with the first known settlement in Ireland around 8000 BC when Hunter-gatherers arrived from Great Britain and continental The Irish War of Independence (or Tan War, or Anglo-Irish War, Irish: Cogadh na Saoirse) from January 1919 to July 1921 was a guerrilla Italy, united in 1861, has significantly contributed to the cultural and social development of the entire Mediterranean area The March on Rome ( Marcia su Roma) was a Coup d'état by which Mussolini 's National Fascist Party ( Partito Nazionale Fascista The Italian colonial empire was created after the Kingdom of Italy joined other European powers in establishing colonies overseas during the " Scramble for Africa The Corfu Incident was a diplomatic emergency in 1923 between Greece and Italy under the newly empowered dictator Benito Mussolini. See also First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Second Italo–Abyssinian War (also referred to as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War) was a The Lateran Treaty is one of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 or Lateran Accords, three agreements made in 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy The Italian invasion of Albania ( April 7 &ndash April 12, 1939) was a brief military campaign by the Kingdom of Italy against the Albanian The written history of Japan begins with brief references in the 1st century AD Twenty-Four Histories, a collection of Chinese historical texts The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. On September 18, 1931, near Mukden (now Shenyang) in southern Manchuria, a section of railroad owned by Japan 's South Manchuria The, or "2-2-6 incident", was an attempted Coup d'état in Japan, on 26 – 29 February 1936, launched by the radical The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. Prehistory The proto- Baltic forefathers of the Latvian people have lived on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea since the third millennium BC The Latvian War of Independence, sometimes called the Latvian War of Liberation (Latvijas brīvības cīņas literally the "Struggles for Latvia's freedom" or This article discusses the history of Lithuania and of the Lithuanians. The Lithuanian Wars of Independence, also known as the Freedom Struggles (Laisvės kovos refer to three wars Lithuania fought defending its independence at the end 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania was an oral Ultimatum presented to Juozas Urbšys, Foreign Minister of Lithuania, by Joachim von Ribbentrop This article discusses the history of Lithuania and of the Lithuanians. The Capsian culture brought Morocco into the Neolithic about 8000 BC at a time when the Maghreb was less arid than it is today The Rif War of 1920, also called the Second Moroccan War, was fought between Spain (later assisted by France) and the Moroccan Rif This is the history of Paraguay. See also the History of South America and the History of present-day nations and states. The Chaco War (1932&ndash1935 was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of a great part of the Gran Chaco region of South America See also Second Polish Republic The History of interwar Poland starts with the recreation of independent Poland in 1918 and ends with the occupation of The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. Border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia began in 1918 between the Second Polish Republic and Czechoslovakia, both freshly created states See also Timeline of Romanian history, Military history of Romania This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the History of Romania; details See " România Mare " for other meanings The Greater Romania (România Mare generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years The Iron Guard is the name most commonly given in English to a Far-right ultra- nationalist Antisemitic, fascist movement and political party This article discusses the history of the territory of Slovakia. History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union is covered in the following series of articles The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed This period of the Soviet Union was dominated by Joseph Stalin, who sought to reshape Soviet society with aggressive economic planning in particular a sweeping collectivization of agriculture The History of Spain spans the period from Prehistoric Iberia, through the rise and fall of the first global empire, to Spain's current position The Rif War of 1920, also called the Second Moroccan War, was fought between Spain (later assisted by France) and the Moroccan Rif The Second Spanish Republic was the system of government in Spain between April 14 1931, when King Alfonso XIII left the country The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of History of Bahrein, AND COMPARE THE TRUE IMPORTANCE OF THE TWO STATES The French Mandate of Syria was a League of Nations Mandate created after the First World War and the Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The Battle of Maysalun, also called The Battle of Maysalun Pass, took place between Syrian and French forces about 12 miles west of Damascus The Republic of Turkey is the Successor state of the Ottoman Empire, created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin by the The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed The history of the United Kingdom — British history — as an unified Sovereign state begins with the legistlative union between the kingdoms of England The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Sayyīd Muhammad `Abd Allāh al-Hasan ( Sayid Maxamed Cabdille Xasan or Sayyid Mahammad Abdille Hasan, محمّد The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, was named after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden in the northern Indian city of Amritsar The Irish War of Independence (or Tan War, or Anglo-Irish War, Irish: Cogadh na Saoirse) from January 1919 to July 1921 was a guerrilla The history of the United States from 1918 through 1945 covers the post- World War I era the Great Depression, and World War II. The London Economic Conference was a meeting that took place between representatives of 66 nations in the summer of 1933. The German American Bund or German American Federation (German Amerikadeutscher Bund) was an American Nazi organization established in the 1930s See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The League of Nations was an International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920 The culmination of events that led to World War II are generally understood to be the 1939 invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and of the Republic The events preceding World War II in Europe are closely tied to the rise of Fascism, especially in Nazi Germany. " Antebellum " is an expression derived from Latin that means "before war" ( ante, "before" and bellum Post-War is the fifth studio album by M Ward. It was released on August 22 2006 by Merge Records. The Free City of Danzig ( German: Freie Stadt Danzig; Polish: Wolne Miasto Gdańsk) was an autonomous Baltic Sea port and
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