|
·
|
|---|
|
apostrophe ( ’ ' ) |
| Interword separation |
|
spaces ( ) ( ) ( ) |
| General typography |
|
ampersand ( & ) |
| Uncommon typography |
|
asterism ( ⁂ ) |
An interpunct ( · ) is a small dot used for interword separation in ancient Latin script, being perhaps the first consistent visual representation of word boundaries in written language. Guillemets ( or after French) also called Angle quotes, are line segments pointed as if arrows ( « or ») sometimes forming a complementary A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes The question mark (? also known as an interrogation point, question point, query, or eroteme, is a punctuation mark that replaces Quotation marks or inverted commas (informally referred to as quotes and speech marks) are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech A semicolon ( ) is a conventional Punctuation mark with several usages The slash ( /) is a punctuation mark It is also called a virgule, diagonal, stroke, forward slash, oblique dash, The solidus ( ⁄) is a punctuation mark that is not found on standard keyboards Interword separation is the act and the effect of mutually separating the written representations of Words The early Semitic languages mdashwhich had no vowel In writing a space () is a blank area that is devoid of content which separates words letters numbers and punctuation Typography is the art and techniques of arranging type, Type design, and modifying type Glyphs Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety An ampersand ( &) also commonly called an " 'and' sign," is a Logogram representing the conjunction "and" The typographic character @, the at sign, denotes a pan-lingual abbreviation of the word 'at' An asterisk ( *) (Latin asteriscum "little star" from Greek ἀστερίσκος) is a Typographical symbol or Glyph The backslash ( \) is a typographical mark ( Glyph) used chiefly in Computing. In Typography, a bullet is a typographical symbol or Glyph used to introduce Items in a list, like below also known as the point of a bullet Caret is the name for the symbol ^ in ASCII and some other Character sets Its Unicode code point is U+005E and its ASCII code in hexadecimal is 5E The currency sign ( ¤) is a character used to denote a currency when the symbol for a particular currency is unavailable In many national currencies, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic monetary unit The euro sign (€ is the Currency sign used for the Euro, the official currency of the European Union (EU See also Pound (currency.The pound sign (" £ " or " ₤ " is the symbol for the Pound sterling —the currency of the ¥￥ ₪The sheqel sign ( ₪) A dagger ( †, &dagger U+ 2020 is a typographical symbol or Glyph. The degree symbol (° Unicode: U+00B0 HTML: ° is a typographical symbol or Glyph, that is used to represent degrees of arc (see The inverted question and exclamation marks are used to begin interrogative and exclamatory sentences respectively in written Spanish. The inverted question and exclamation marks are used to begin interrogative and exclamatory sentences respectively in written Spanish. In Logic and Mathematics, negation or not is an operation on Logical values for example the logical value of a Proposition Number sign is a name for the symbol #; it is the preferred Unicode name for the Code point associated with that Glyph. The Numero sign (U+2116 or Number sign is used in many languages to indicate ordinal numeration especially in names and titles for example instead of writing the long " The percent sign ( %) is the symbol used to indicate a Percentage (that the preceding number is divided by one hundred The pilcrow (¶ Unicode U+00B6 HTML entity ¶ also called the Paragraph sign or the alinea ( The prime symbol ( ′ double prime symbol ( &Prime triple prime symbol ( ‴ etc The section sign (§ Unicode U+00A7 HTML entity § is a typographical character used mainly to refer to a particular section The tilde (~ (/ˈtɪldə/ is a Grapheme with several uses The name of the character comes from Spanish, from the Latin titulus Diaeresis or trema See also Diaeresis History Historically the diaeresis mark or trema is far older than the umlaut mark The underscore _ (also called understrike, underbar, low line, or low dash is a character that originally appeared on the Typewriter. Note "broken bar" and the glyph "¦" redirect here Typography is the art and techniques of arranging type, Type design, and modifying type Glyphs Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety For other uses of this term please refer to Asterism disambiguation page The symbol ☞ is a Punctuation mark called an index or fist. In a Mathematical proof, the therefore sign (∴ is a symbol that is sometimes placed before a Logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a The interrobang ( ‽, is a nonstandard English -language Punctuation mark intended to combine the functions of the Question mark (also "؟" redirects here For the Arabic question mark see Question mark. This page lists Japanese typographic symbols which are not included in Kana or Kanji. A sarcasm mark or sarcasm point identifies text as being Derogatory or ironic. Interword separation is the act and the effect of mutually separating the written representations of Words The early Semitic languages mdashwhich had no vowel The dot is vertically centered, e. g. "DONA·EIS·REQVIEM", and is therefore also called a middle dot or centered dot. The Requiem (from Latin requiem, accusative case of requies, rest or Requiem Mass (informally a funeral Mass also known formally (in Latin as the In addition to the round dot form, inscriptions sometimes use a small equilateral triangle for the interpunct, pointing either up or down. Epigraphy (ἐπιγραφολογία from Greek ἐπιγραφή — "inscription" is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs engraved Properties The area of an equilateral triangle with sides of length a\\! Such triangles can be found on inscriptions on buildings in the twentieth century. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Ancient Greek, by contrast, had not developed interpuncts; all the letters ran together. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c When a wave of enthusiasm for all things Greek swept ancient Rome, the use of interpuncts disappeared, presumably being inadequately fashionable. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The use of spaces for word separation didn't appear until much later, some time between 600 and 800 AD. In writing a space () is a blank area that is devoid of content which separates words letters numbers and punctuation Events By Place World The population of the Earth rises to about 208 million people Events By Place Europe September 15 - Oldest known mention of Monkey.
In Unicode, the interpunct is code point 0183, or 00B7 in hexadecimal. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's In Mathematics and Computer science, hexadecimal (also base -, hexa, or hex) is a Numeral system with a The HTML entity for an interpunct is · (introduced in HTML 3. In SGML and its derived Markup languages HTML and XML, an entity is a named body of data associated with a document or the unnamed document 2). See also "Similar symbols", below.
Contents |
In written language
English
In British typography, an interpunct · is sometimes called a space dot. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Typography is the art and techniques of arranging type, Type design, and modifying type Glyphs Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety
In some word processors, interpuncts are used to denote either hard space or space characters. In Typesetting and Text editors the term hard space has several meanings all related to a special way of representing the Whitespace between In others, it is used to indicate a space when put in paragraph format to show indentations and spaces.
It is also often used as a separation between pounds sterling and pence, e. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency A penny (pl pence or pennies) is a Coin or a unit of Currency used in several English -speaking countries g. £7·85.
Shavian
In the Shavian alphabet of English, the middle dot is used before a word to denote it as a proper noun. The Shavian alphabet (also known as Shaw alphabet) is an Alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple phonetic orthography for the English language
Catalan
In Catalan, the punt volat (literally, "flown dot") is used between two l's (thus: l·l) in cases where each belongs to a separate syllable (e. Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official g. col·lecció, 'collection'). This is to distinguish the true "double-l" pronunciation from that of the letter-combination ll (without a dot) which in Catalan stands for palatal lateral IPA: /ʎ/ (lloc "place", castellà "Castilian", castell "castle"). Ll / ll is a digraph which occurs in several natural Languages In English In English, ll represents the same sound In orthographic descriptions, l·l is called ela geminada ("geminate l") and ll doble ela. In Phonetics, gemination happens when a spoken Consonant is pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than a short Consonant. Although considered as a spelling mistake, a period or a hyphen is frequently used when a middle dot is unavailable: col. A full stop or period (sometimes stop, full point, decimal point, or dot) is the Punctuation mark commonly placed at the A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes lecció or col-lecció. Unicode has unique code points for the letters Ŀ (U+013F) and ŀ (U+0140), but they are compatibility characters and are not frequently used nor recommended. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's [1] The preferred Unicode representation is l· (U+006C + U+00B7). The use of • bullet (•) is considered inaesthetic.
In Medieval Catalan the symbol '·' was sometimes used to note certain elisions, much like the modern apostrophe. Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official Elision is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a Vowel, a Consonant, or a whole Syllable) in a word or phrase producing a result that is easier
There is no separate keyboard layout for Catalan; punt volat can be typed using Shift-3 in the Spanish (Spain) layout. QWERTY keyboardjpg|thumb|right|300px|QWERTY keyboard on a Laptop of 2007]]A keyboard layout is any specific mechanical, visual, or functional
Chinese
The Chinese language sometimes uses the interpunct (called the partition sign) to separate words; since Chinese script has no word spacing, the interpunct is used in cases which might otherwise be ambiguous. The partition sign is more frequently used to separate the given name and the family name of non-Chinese, or unsinicized or desinicized minority ethnic groups in China, for example, 威廉·莎士比亚 (Weilian·Shashibiya) is the transliteration of "William Shakespeare", and the partition sign is inserted in between the characters signifying the sound of "William" and those for "Shakespeare". William Shakespeare ( baptised The Chinese partition sign is also used to separate book title and chapter title when they are mentioned consecutively (with book title first, then chapter).
In Chinese, the middle dot is also fullwidth in printed matter, but the regular middle dot (·) is used in computer input, which is then rendered as fullwidth in Chinese-language fonts. Note that while some fonts may render the Japanese katakana middle dot as a square under great magnification, this is not a defining property of the middle dot that is used in China or Japan.
Bernhard Karlgren used a middle dot to represent the glottal stop in his reconstruction of medieval Chinese. Bernhard Karlgren (1889 - 1978 was a Swedish sinologist, Philologist, and the founder of Swedish sinology as a scholarly discipline This article is about the sound in spoken language For the letter see Glottal stop (letter.
Taiwanese
In Taiwanese pe̍h-ōe-jī, middle dot is often used as a workaround for dot above right diacritic because most early encoding systems did not support this diacritic. Pe̍h-ōe-jī ( POJ) ( is an Orthography in the Latin alphabet created and introduced to Fujian and Taiwan by Presbyterian A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation This is now encoded as U+0358 COMBINING DOT ABOVE RIGHT. Unicode did not support this diacritic until June 2004. Newer fonts often support it natively; however, the practice of using middle dot still exists. Historically, it was derived in the late 19th century from an older barred-o with curly tail as an adaptation to the typewriter.
Franco-Provençal
In Franco-Provençal (or Arpitan), the interpunct is used in order to distinguish the following graphemes:
- ch· (pronounced /ʃ/) versus ch (pronounced /ts/). Franco-Provençal ( Francoprovençal) or Arpitan ( Vernacular: frp francoprovençâl arpitan patouès; francoprovenzale arpitano dialetto
- j· (pronounced /ʒ/) versus j (pronounced /dz/).
- g· before e, i (pronounced /ʒ/) versus g before e, i (pronounced /dz/).
Georgian language
The Georgian language uses · (middot) as a comma. Georgian (ka ქართული ენა kartuli ena) is the Official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus. A comma ( , is a Punctuation mark It has the same shape as an Apostrophe or single closing Quotation mark in many typefaces but it differs
Greek
The Greek ano teleia (άνω τελεία, a semicolon-like punctuation mark, lit. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly "upper dot") is often expressed as a middle dot. Although Unicode provides a unique code point for it (U+0387), U+00B7 is preferred. [2]
Japanese
Interpuncts are often used to separate transcribed foreign words written in Katakana. Japanese punctuation (約物 yakumono) includes various written marks (besides characters and numbers which differ from those found in European languages is a Japanese Syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with Hiragana, Kanji, and in some cases the Latin alphabet For example, "Can't Buy Me Love" becomes 「キャント・バイ・ミー・ラヴ」 (Kyanto·bai·mī·ravu). " Can't Buy Me Love " is the title of a song composed by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon/McCartney) and released by The Beatles on the A A middle dot is also sometimes used to separate lists in Japanese instead of the Japanese comma ("、" known as tōten). Grammar lessons in Japanese sometimes also use a similar symbol to separate a verb suffix from its root. Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. For English usage of verbs see the wiki article English verbs. An affix is a Morpheme that is attached to a stem to form a word
However, the Japanese writing system usually does not use space or punctuations to separate words; instead, the mixture of katakana, kanji, and hiragana gives some indication of word boundary. is a Japanese Syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with Hiragana, Kanji, and in some cases the Latin alphabet are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana is a Japanese Syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system, along with Katakana and Kanji; the Latin alphabet
In Japanese typography, the "katakana middle dot" (as the Unicode consortium calls it) has a fixed width that is the same as most kana characters, known as fullwidth. Typography is the art and techniques of arranging type, Type design, and modifying type Glyphs Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety
Latin
The dot called interpunct was used regularly in early Latin, but has long been replaced by space. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.
Occitan
In Occitan, especially in the Gascon dialect, the interpunct (punt interior, literally, "inner dot"), is used in order to distinguish the following graphemes:
- s·h (pronounced /s/ + /h/) versus sh (pronounced /ʃ/), for example: des·har ('to undo') / deishar ('to leave'). Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan Gascon (Gascon; French,) is a dialect of the Occitan language.
- n·h (pronounced /n/ + /h/) versus nh (pronounced /ɲ/), for example: in·hèrn ('hell') / vinha ('vineyard').
Although it is considered to be a spelling mistake, a period is frequently used when a middle dot is unavailable: des. A full stop or period (sometimes stop, full point, decimal point, or dot) is the Punctuation mark commonly placed at the har, in. hèrn. The use of • bullet (•) is considered unaesthetic.
In Medieval Occitan the symbol '·' was sometimes used to note certain elisions, much like the modern apostrophe. Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan Elision is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a Vowel, a Consonant, or a whole Syllable) in a word or phrase producing a result that is easier
Old Irish
In many linguistic works discussing Old Irish (but not in actual Old Irish manuscripts), the interpunct is used to separate a pretonic preverbal element from the stressed syllable of the verb, e. Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Irish language, or rather the Goidelic languages, for which extensive written texts are possessed g. do·beir "says". It is also used in citing the verb forms used after such preverbal elements, e. g. ·beir "carries", to distinguish them from forms used without preverbs, e. g. beirid "carries". [3] In other works, the hyphen (do-beir, -beir) or colon (do:beir, :beir) may be used for this purpose. A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes
Runes
Runic texts use a semicolon-like punctuation mark to separate words.
In mathematics and science
In British publications up to the mid-1970s, especially scientific and mathematical texts, the decimal point was commonly typeset as a middle dot. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands In a positional Numeral system, the decimal separator is a Symbol used to mark the boundary between the integral and the fractional When the British currency was decimalised in 1971, the official advice issued was to write decimal amounts with a raised point (thus: £21·48) and to use a decimal point "on the line" only when typesetting constraints made it unavoidable. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is In the management of currencies, decimalisation (or decimalization) is the process of converting from traditional denominations to a " Decimal " The widespread introduction of electronic typewriters and calculators soon afterwards was probably a major factor contributing to the decline of the raised decimal point, although it can still sometimes be encountered in academic circles (e. A calculator is device for performing mathematical calculations distinguished from a Computer by having a limited problem solving ability and an interface optimized for interactive g. , Cambridge University 2006) and is fairly commonly used by mathematics teachers in schools.
In mathematics, a small middle dot can be used to represent the product; for example, x ∙ y for the product of x and y. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and When dealing with scalars, it is interchangeable with the times symbol: x ⋅ y means the same thing as x × y, but × is easily confused with the letter x. In Linear algebra, Real numbers are called Scalars and relate to vectors in a Vector space through the operation of Scalar multiplication X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes However, when dealing with vectors, the dot product is distinct from the cross product. In Mathematics, the dot product, also known as the scalar product, is an operation which takes two vectors over the Real numbers R In Mathematics, the cross product is a Binary operation on two vectors in a three-dimensional Euclidean space that results in another vector which This usage has its own designated code point in Unicode, U+2219 (∙), called the "bullet operator". It is also sometimes used to denote the "AND" relationship in formal logic, due to the relationship between these two operations. In Logic and/or Mathematics, logical conjunction or and is a two-place Logical operation that results in a value of true if both of Logic is the study of the principles of valid demonstration and Inference. In situations where the interpunct is used as a decimal point (as noted above, by many mathematics teachers in some countries), then the multiplication sign used is usually a period, not an interpunct.
In computers, the middle dot is usually used to indicate white space in various software applications such as word processing, graphic design, web layout, desktop publishing, or software development programs. A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. In Process management, the White Space as described by Geary A Word processing is the creation of documents using a Word processor. The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation Desktop publishing (also known as DTP) combines a Personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout Software to create Publication Documents Software development is the translation of a user need or marketing goal into a Software product It allows the user to see where white space is located in the document, and what sizes of white space are used, since normally white space is invisible so tabs, spaces, non-breaking spaces, and such are indistinguishable from one another.
In chemistry, the middle dot is used to separate the parts of formulas of addition compounds, mixture salts or solvates (mostly hydrates), such as of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO4 · 5H2O. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Copper(II sulfate is the Chemical compound with the formula Cu[[Sulfur S]] O 4
Similar symbols
| Symbol | Character Entity | Numeric Entity | Unicode Code Point | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| · | · |
· |
U+00B7 |
interpunct, middle dot |
| · | · |
U+0387 |
Greek ano teleia | |
| ⋅ | ⋅ |
⋅ |
U+22C5 |
dot operator (mathematics) |
| • | • |
• |
U+2022 |
bullet, often used to mark list items |
| ‧ | ‧ |
U+2027 |
hyphenation point | |
| ・ | ・ |
U+30FB |
fullwidth katakana middle dot | |
| ･ | ･ |
U+FF65 |
halfwidth katakana middle dot | |
| ּ | ּ |
U+05BC |
Hebrew point dagesh or mapiq |
Characters in the Symbol column, above, may not render correctly, if at all, in all browsers. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's In Typography, a bullet is a typographical symbol or Glyph used to introduce Items in a list, like below also known as the point of a bullet A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes is a Japanese Syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with Hiragana, Kanji, and in some cases the Latin alphabet The dagesh (דָּגֵשׁ is a Diacritic used in the Hebrew alphabet. The mappiq ( Hebrew: מפיק also mapiq, mapik, mappik, lit "causing to go out" is a Diacritic used in the Hebrew
For most North American Microsoft operating systems using OEM Code page 437, the Alt Code is 250
See also
References
- ^ Unicode Latin Extended A code chart p. IBM PC or MS-DOS Code page 437, often abbreviated CP437 and also known as DOS-US, OEM-US or sometimes misleadingly referred In PCs running the Microsoft Windows or DOS Operating systems additional characters to those available by the current Keyboard layout may be typed 13
- ^ Unicode Greek code chart, p. 34
- ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1946/1980). Eduard Rudolf Thurneysen ( March 14 1857 &ndash 9 August 1940) was a Swiss linguist and Celticist. A Grammar of Old Irish, trans. D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 25. ISBN 1-85500-161-6.
Dictionary
interpunct
-noun
- A punctuation mark consisting of a dot (·), used in ancient Latin to indicate a word boundary.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic