Internet Archive
Formation	1996
Type	on-line library
Website	www.archive.org

The Internet Archive (IA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to maintaining an on-line library and archive of Web and multimedia resources. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution In Web archiving, an archive site is a Website that stores information on or the actual webpages from the past for anyone to view The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. Multimedia is media and content that utilizes a combination of different content forms. Located at the Presidio in San Francisco, California, this archive includes "snapshots of the World Wide Web" (archived copies of pages, taken at various points in time), software, movies, books, and audio recordings. The Presidio of San Francisco (originally El Presidio Real de San Francisco or Royal Presidio of San Francisco) is a park on the northern tip of the San The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city An archive refers to a collection of historical records and also refers to the location in which these records are kept In computer file systems, a snapshot is a copy of a set of files and directories as they were at a particular point in the past The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. A Book is a set or collection of written printed illustrated or blank sheets made of Paper, Parchment, or other material usually fastened together To ensure the stability and endurance of the archive, IA is mirrored at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Egypt, the only library in the world with a mirror. The Bibliotheca Alexandrina ( Latin for "Library of Alexandria" is a major Library and Cultural center located on the shore of the Mediterranean This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. In Computing, a mirror is an exact copy of a Data set On the Internet, a mirror site is an exact copy of another Internet site ^[1] The IA makes the collections available at no cost to researchers, historians, and scholars. It is a member of the American Library Association and is officially recognized by the State of California as a library. The American Library Association ( ALA) is a group based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. ^[2]

Contents 1 History 2 Wayback Machine 3 Archive-It 4 Media collections 4.1 Moving image collection 4.2 Audio collection 4.3 Texts collection 5 Open Library 6 Controversies 6.1 Scientology sites 6.2 Archived web pages as evidence 6.2.1 United States civil litigation 6.2.1.1 Telewizja Polska 6.2.1.2 Healthcare Advocates, Inc. 6.2.2 Patent law 6.3 Grateful Dead 6.4 Automatically entered contracts 6.5 Copyright situation in Europe 6.6 Rescission of FBI National Security Letter 7 See also 7.1 Similar projects 7.2 Other 8 References 9 External links

History

The Internet Archive was founded by Brewster Kahle in 1996. Brewster Kahle (ˈkeɪl 'kale' (born 1960 is a US internet entrepreneur activist and digital librarian Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar)

According to its website:

Most societies place importance on preserving artifacts of their culture and heritage. Without such artifacts, civilization has no memory and no mechanism to learn from its successes and failures. Our culture now produces more and more artifacts in digital form. The Archive's mission is to help preserve those artifacts and create an Internet library for researchers, historians, and scholars. The Archive collaborates with institutions including the Library of Congress and the Smithsonian. The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of

Because of its goal of preserving human knowledge and artifacts, and making its collection available to all, proponents of the Internet Archive have likened it to the Library of Alexandria. The Royal Library of Alexandria or Ancient Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was once the largest library in the ancient world

Wayback Machine

The Wayback Machine is a digital time capsule created by the Internet Archive. It is maintained with content from Alexa Internet. Alexa Internet Inc is a California -based Subsidiary company of Amazon This service allows users to see archived versions of web pages across time—what the Archive calls a "three dimensional index. A web page or webpage is a resource of information that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a Web browser. "

Snapshots become available 6 to 12 months after they are archived. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all updates to tracked web sites are recorded, and intervals of several weeks sometimes occur.

As of 2006 the Wayback Machine contained almost 2 petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 20 terabytes per month, a two-thirds increase over the 12 terabytes/month growth rate reported in 2003. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A petabyte (derived from the SI prefix peta -) is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to one Quadrillion A terabyte (derived from the prefix Tera- and commonly abbreviated TB) is a measurement term for data storage capacity. Its growth rate eclipses the amount of text contained in the world's largest libraries, including the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress The data is stored on Petabox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. Capricorn Technologies is a low-cost high-density energy efficient data storage solutions provider based in San Francisco California. ^[3]

The name Wayback Machine is a reference to a segment from The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show in which Mr. Peabody, a bow tie-wearing dog with a professorial air, and his human "pet boy" assistant Sherman use a time machine called the "WABAC machine" to witness, participate in, and more often than not alter famous events in history. The Wayback machine originally referred to a fictional machine from a segment of the Cartoon The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show used to transport Mr The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show is the collective name for two separate American Television Animated series: Rocky and His Friends Mr Peabody is a fictional Dog who appeared in the late 1950s and early 1960s Television Animated series Rocky The bow tie is a men's Necktie popularly worn with Formal attire, such as suits or Dinner jackets It consists of a ribbon of fabric tied around This article details time travel itself For other uses see Time Traveler. ^[4]

Archive-It

Users who want to archive material permanently and immediately cite an archived version can use the Archive-It system, a for-fee subscription service, instead. ^[5] Data collected with Archive-It is periodically indexed into the general Wayback Machine. As of December 2007, Archive-It had created over 230 million URLs for 466 public collections, including government bodies, universities, and cultural institutions. Some of the organizations participating in Archive-It include the Electronic Literature Organization, the State Archives of North Carolina, the Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Stanford University, the National Library of Australia, the Research Libraries Group (RLG), and many others. The Electronic Literature Organisation (ELO is a Nonprofit organization "established in 1999 to promote and facilitate the writing publishing and reading of Electronic North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States The Texas State Library and Archives Commission (TSLAC refers to the agency in the state of Texas that is charged with overseeing and assisting with state-wide library programs Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in The National Library of Australia is the country's largest reference library responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for "maintaining and developing a national The Research Libraries Group ( RLG) was a US -based Library Consortium which developed the Eureka interlibrary search engine the

Media collections

In addition to web archives, the Internet Archive maintains extensive collections of digital media that are either public domain or licensed under a license that allows redistribution, such as the Creative Commons License. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone Creative Commons licenses are several Copyright licenses released on December 16, 2002 by Creative Commons, a U The media are organized into collections by media type (moving images, audio, text, etc. ), and into sub-collections by various criteria. Each of main collection includes an "Open Source" sub-collection where general contributions by the public can be stored. Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge

Moving image collection

Aside from feature films, IA's Moving Image collection includes: newsreels; classic cartoons; pro- and anti-war propaganda; Skip Elsheimer's "A. A newsreel is a Documentary film that is regularly released in a public presentation place containing filmed News stories The word cartoon has various meanings based on several very different forms of Visual art and Illustration. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people V. Geeks" collection; and ephemeral material from Prelinger Archives, such as advertising, educational and industrial films and amateur and home movie collections. The Prelinger Archives is a collection of Films relating to U Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand

IA's Brick Films collection contains stop-motion animation filmed with LEGO bricks, some of which are 'remakes' of feature films. A brickfilm is any Film made using LEGO, Mega Bloks, or other similar plastic construction block toys Stop motion (or frame-by-frame) animation is an Animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own Lego, officially trademarked LEGO, is a line of construction Toys manufactured by the Lego Group, a privately The Election 2004 collection is a non-partisan public resource for sharing video materials related to the 2004 United States Presidential Election. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. The Independent News collection includes sub-collections such as the Internet Archive's World At War competition from 2001, in which contestants created short films demonstrating "why access to history matters. " Among their most-downloaded video files are eyewitness recordings of the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea Earthquake that occurred at 005853 UTC on December 26 2004 with an Epicentre off the west coast of The September 11th Television Archive contains archival footage from the world's major television networks as the attacks of September 11th, 2001 unfolded on live television.

Some of the films available on the Internet Archive are:

Battleship Potemkin[6] The Birth of a Nation The Century of the Self[7] [8] [9] [10] Columbia Revolt D.O.A. (1950) Danger Lights Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari[11] Dating Do's and Don'ts Detour Duck and Cover Escape From Sobibor Hemp For Victory The Kid[12] Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media

Le voyage dans la Lune Lying Lips M[13] The Man Who Knew Too Much Night of the Living Dead Nosferatu The Power of Nightmares[14] Reefer Madness Sex Madness Triumph of the Will Design for Dreaming Un Chien Andalou All seven episodes of Why We Fight[15] [16] [17] [18] [19][20] [21] [22] The Negro Soldier (1943)

Audio collection

The audio collection includes music, audio books, news broadcasts, old time radio shows and a wide variety of other audio files. The Battleship Potemkin ( Броненосец «Потёмкин», ru '''''Bronyenosyets Potyomkin''''' sometimes rendered as The Battleship The Birth of a Nation (also known as The Clansman) a Silent film directed by D The Century of the Self is an acclaimed documentary by filmmaker Adam Curtis released in 2002 Columbia Revolt is a 50 minute Black-and-white documentary film about the Columbia University protests of 1968. DOA ( a Film noir Drama film directed by Rudolph Maté, is considered a classic of the Genre. The year 1950 in film involved some significant events Events February 15 - Walt Disney Studios Danger Lights is a 1930 movie starring Louis Wolheim, Robert Armstrong, and Jean Arthur. Caligari redirects here For the company see Caligari Corporation. Dating Do's and Don'ts is a 1949 instructional Film designed for high schools to teach adolescents basic Dating skills produced Detour ( 1945) is a Film noir Cult classic that stars Tom Neal, Ann Savage, Claudia Drake and Edmund MacDonald Duck and Cover was a Social guidance film produced in 1951 (but first shown publicly in January 1952 by the United States federal government Escape from Sobibor is a made-for-TV film which aired in 1987 on CBS. The Kid is a 1921 Silent film by Charlie Chaplin that featured Jackie Coogan, as his adopted son and sidekick This article is about a documentary film for the similarly named book see Manufacturing Consent The Political Economy of the Mass Media Manufacturing A Trip to the Moon (French fr Le Voyage dans la lune) is a 1902 French Black and white silent Science fiction Lying Lips is a 1939, melodrama Race movie by Oscar Micheaux, starring Edna Mae Harris, and Robert Earl Jones (the father M is a 1931 German drama - thriller directed by Fritz Lang and written by Lang and his wife Thea von Harbou } The Man Who Knew Too Much is a 1934 suspense Film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and released by Gaumont British. Night of the Living Dead (1968 directed by George Romero, is an independent Black-and-white Horror film. Nosferatu A Symphony of Horror is a German Expressionist film by F The Power of Nightmares, subtitled The Rise of the Politics of Fear, is a BBC Documentary film series written and produced by Reefer Madness (aka Tell Your Children) is a 1936 Exploitation film revolving around the tragic events that ensue when High school Sex Madness, directed by Dwain Esper, is a 1938 Sexploitation film (along the lines of Reefer Madness) supposedly to deal with Triumph of the Will (Triumph des Willens is a propagandistic Documentary film by the German filmmaker Design for Dreaming ( 1956) is a musical Sponsored film about a woman (played by Thelma "Tad" Tadlock) who dreams about a masked man Un chien andalou ( An Andalusian Dog) is a 1928 short Surrealist film made in France by two Spanish auteurs the Aragonian Why We Fight is a series of seven Propaganda films commissioned by the United States government during World War II to demonstrate to The Negro Soldier was a 1944 Propaganda film produced by the United States War Department encouraging African-Americans to join The year 1943 in film involved some significant events Events Top grossing films (U Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Old-Time Radio (OTR and the Golden Age of Radio refer to a period of Radio programming lasting from the proliferation of radio broadcasting in the early 1920s until

Main article: Live Music Archive

The Live Music Archive sub-collection includes 40,000 concert recordings from independent artists, as well as more established artists and musical ensembles with permissive rules about recording their concerts such as the Grateful Dead. The Live Music Archive ( LMA) part of the Internet Archive, is a collection of over 50000 concert recordings in lossless audio formats A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Texts collection

The texts collection includes digitized books from various libraries around the world as well as many special collections. As of May 2008, the Internet Archive operated 13 scanning centers in great libraries, digitizing about 1000 books a day, financially supported by libraries and foundations. ^[23]

Between about 2006 and 2008 Microsoft Corporation had a special relationship with Internet Archive texts through its Live Search Books project, scanning over 300,000 books which were contributed to the collection, as well as financial support and scanning equipment. Live Search Books was a search service for books part of Microsoft 's Live Search range of services On May 23, 2008 Microsoft announced it would be ending the Live Book Search project and no longer scanning books. ^[24] Microsoft will be making its scanned books available without contractual restriction and and making the scanning equipment available to its digitization partners and libraries to continue digitization programs. ^[24]

Open Library

The Internet Archive is a member of the Open Content Alliance, and operates the Open Library where more than 200,000 scanned public domain books are made available in an easily browsable and printable format. The Open Content Alliance (OCA is a consortium of non-profit and for-profit groups dedicated to building a free archive of digital text and multimedia ^[25][26] Their "Scribe" book imaging system was used to digitize most of these books. ^[27] The software that runs it is free/open source software—Scribe Software. Free software or software libre is Software that can be used studied and modified without restriction and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified Open source software (OSS began as a marketing campaign for Free software.

Controversies

Scientology sites

See also: Scientology versus the Internet

In late 2002, the Internet Archive removed various sites critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine. Scientology has been involved in a number of disputes on the Internet related to suppressing material critical of Scientology through the use of lawsuits See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Scientology is a body of beliefs and related practices initially created by American Science fiction author L ^[28] The error message stated that this was in response to a "request by the site owner. "^[29] It was later clarified that lawyers from the Church of Scientology had demanded the removal and that the actual site owners did not want their material removed. The Church of Scientology is the largest organization devoted to the practice and the promotion of the Scientology belief system. ^[30]

Archived web pages as evidence

United States civil litigation

Telewizja Polska

In an October 2004 case called "Telewizja Polska SA v. Telewizja Polska Spółka Akcyjna ( TVP SA, often abbreviated to only TVP, Polish Television) is Poland 's Public broadcasting Echostar Satellite", a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, perhaps for the first time. Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network. TVP Polonia (also known as TV Polonia or Telewizja Polonia) is the international channel of the Telewizja Polska (TVP Information on EchoStar Corp manufacture of Cable Satellite receivers and former parent visit Echostar Corporation DISH Network Corporation ( is the parent Not be confused with Indian Service Dish TV DISH Network is a Direct broadcast satellite (DBS service that provides Satellite television Prior to the trial proceedings, EchoStar indicated that it intended to offer Wayback Machine snapshots as proof of the past content of Telewizja Polska’s website. Telewizja Polska brought a motion in limine to suppress the snapshots on the grounds of hearsay and unauthenticated source, but Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys rejected Telewizja Polska’s assertion of hearsay and denied TVP's motion in limine to exclude the evidence at trial. Motion in limine ( Latin: "at the Threshold " is a motion, made before the start of a Trial requesting that the Judge Not to be confused with Heresy. Hearsay is a legal term referring to the use of out of court statements as evidence ^[31] However, at the actual trial, district Court Judge Ronald Guzman, the trial judge, overruled Magistrate Keys' findings, and held that neither the affidavit of the Internet Archive employee nor the underlying pages (i. e. , the Telewizja Polska website) were admissible as evidence. Judge Guzman reasoned that the employee's affidavit contained both hearsay and inconclusive supporting statements, and the purported webpage printouts themselves were not self-authenticating. ^[32]

Healthcare Advocates, Inc.

In 2003, Healthcare Advocates, Inc. were defendants in a trademark violation lawsuit wherein the prosecution attempted to use archived web material accessed via the Internet Archive. When they lost that suit, the company turned around and attempted to sue the Internet Archive for violating the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA is a United States Copyright Law which implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is a law passed by the United States Congress in 1986 intended to reduce " hacking " of computer They claimed that since they had installed a robots.txt file on their website, it should have been avoided by the Internet Archive’s web crawlers but was not. The robot exclusion standard, also known as the Robots Exclusion Protocol or robots ^[33] The initial lawsuit was filed on June 26, 2003, and they added the robots. txt file on July 8, 2003, so pages should have been removed retroactively. The lawsuit with Healthcare Advocates was settled out of court. ^[34]

Robots. txt is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard, a voluntary protocol the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages delineated by the creator as off-limits. The robot exclusion standard, also known as the Robots Exclusion Protocol or robots As a result, the Internet Archive has removed a number of websites that are now inaccessible through the Wayback Machine. This is sometimes due to a new domain owner placing a robots. txt file that disallows indexing of the site. The administrators claim to be working on a system that will allow access to that previous material while excluding material created after the point the domain switched hands. Currently, the Internet Archive applies robots. txt rules retroactively; if a site blocks the Internet Archive, like Healthcare Advocates, any previously archived pages from the domain are also removed. In cases of blocked sites, only the robots. txt file is archived. This practice would appear to be detrimental to researchers looking for information that was available in the past.

However, the Internet Archive also states that, "sometimes a web site owner will contact us directly and ask us to stop crawling or archiving a site. We comply with these requests. " [1] They also say, "The Internet Archive is not interested in preserving or offering access to Web sites or other Internet documents of persons who do not want their materials in the collection. " [2]

Patent law

Main article: Internet as a source of prior art

The United States patent office and, provided some additional requirements are met (e. In the context of Patent law, using the Internet as a source of prior art when assessing whether an invention is novel and inventive, is problematic since The United States Patent and Trademark Office ( PTO or USPTO) is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that issues Patents to g. providing an authoritative statement of the archivist), the European Patent Office will accept date stamps from the Internet Archive as evidence of when a given web page was accessible to the public. The European Patent Office (EPO is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg the other being the Administrative Council. These dates are used to determine if a web page is available as prior art for instance in examining a patent application. Prior art (also known as or State of the art, which also has other meanings in most systems of Patent law constitutes all Information that

Grateful Dead

In November 2005, free downloads of Grateful Dead concerts were removed from the site. The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. John Perry Barlow identified Bob Weir, Mickey Hart, and Bill Kreutzmann as the instigators of the change, according to a New York Times article. John Perry Barlow (born October 3, 1947) is an American Poet, Essayist, retired Wyoming cattle rancher political Bob Weir (born Robert Hall Weir, October 16 1947 is an American singer songwriter and guitarist most recognized as a founding member of the Grateful Dead Mickey Hart (born September 11, 1943) is a percussionist and musicologist. Bill Kreutzmann (born May 7, 1946 in Palo Alto, California) is an American drummer who played with rock band the Grateful Dead ^[35] Phil Lesh commented on the change in a November 30, 2005, posting to his personal website:

It was brought to my attention that all of the Grateful Dead shows were taken down from Archive. Phillip Chapman Lesh (born March 15, 1940 in Berkeley California) is a Musician and a founding member of the Grateful Dead. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. org right before Thanksgiving. I was not part of this decision making process and was not notified that the shows were to be pulled. I do feel that the music is the Grateful Dead's legacy and I hope that one way or another all of it is available for those who want it. ^[36]

A November 30 forum post from Brewster Kahle summarized what appeared to be the compromise reached among the band members. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Brewster Kahle (ˈkeɪl 'kale' (born 1960 is a US internet entrepreneur activist and digital librarian Audience recordings could be downloaded or streamed, but soundboard recordings were to be available for streaming only. Streaming multimedia is Multimedia that is constantly received by and normally presented to an end-user while it is being delivered by a streaming provider (the In professional audio, a mixing console, or audio mixer, also called a sound board or soundboard, is an electronic device for combining Concerts have since been re-added. ^[37]

Automatically entered contracts

On December 12, 2005, activist Suzanne Shell demanded Internet Archive pay her US$100,000 for archiving her website profane-justice. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Donna Suzanne Shell (born circa 1957 maiden name "Ostrum" is an American Activist critical org between 1999 and 2004. ^[38] Internet Archive filed a declaratory judgment action in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on January 20, 2006, seeking a judicial determination that Internet Archive did not violate Shell’s copyright. A declaratory judgment is a Judgment of a Court in a Civil case which declares the rights duties or obligations of each party in a Dispute. The United States District Court for the Northern District of California is the federal United States district court whose jurisdiction comprises following counties Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for Shell responded and brought a countersuit against Internet Archive for archiving her site, which she alleges is in violation of her terms of service. A counterclaim is made by the Defendant to a civil proceeding, in a main action against the Plaintiff or against the plaintiff and other people Terms of service (often abbreviated as "ToS" are rules by which one must agree to abide by in order to use a service. ^[39] On February 13, 2007, a judge for the United States District Court for the District of Colorado dismissed all counterclaims except breach of contract. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The United States District Court for the District of Colorado is the Federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of Colorado. Breach of contract is a Legal concept in which a Binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance ^[38] The Internet Archive did not move to dismiss copyright infringement claims Shell asserted arising out of its copying activities, which will also go forward. 'Copyright infringement' (or copyright violation) is the unauthorized use of material that is covered by Copyright law in a manner that violates ^[40] On April 25, 2007, Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell jointly announced the settlement of their lawsuit. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Internet Archive said, “Internet Archive has no interest in including materials in the Wayback Machine of persons who do not wish to have their Web content archived. We recognize that Ms. Shell has a valid and enforceable copyright in her Web site and we regret that the inclusion of her Web site in the Wayback Machine resulted in this litigation. We are happy to have this case behind us. ” Ms. Shell said, “I respect the historical value of Internet Archive’s goal. I never intended to interfere with that goal nor cause it any harm. ”^[41]

Copyright situation in Europe

In Europe the Wayback Machine can sometimes violate copyright laws. Only the creator can decide where his content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. ^[42] The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine can be found in the FAQ section of the site. The Wayback Machine also retroactively respects robots. txt files.

Rescission of FBI National Security Letter

On May 8, 2008 it was revealed that the Internet Archive successfully challenged a FBI NSL (National Security Letter) asking for logs on an undisclosed user. ^{[43] [44]}

See also

Similar projects

• Library of Congress Digital Library project
• National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program
• Ourmedia - Internet Archive project that freely hosts public image, text, audio, and video submissions
• Project Gutenberg
• WebCite

Other

• Digital preservation
• Heritrix
• Link rot
• Web archiving
• Web crawler

References

External links

Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine - A guide to the Internet Archive's Wayback machine.

• The Internet Archive
• BLOG - What's New at the Internet Archive
• Internet Archive - Web Archiving Blog
• The International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC)
• Library of Congress, Web Capture
• The Other Minds Archive New Music Resource from radiOM.org
• National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program
• The Open Library
• The Other Minds Archive – New Music Resource from [3]radiOM. org
• Pictures and descriptions of the Wayback Machine hardware in 2003 (prior to the Petabox), with cost information
• Archive-It and Archive-It FAQ
• Erik Ringmar, "Liberate and Disseminate," Times Higher Education Supplement, 10 April, 2008.
• Warrick – a tool for recovering websites from the Internet Archive and search engine caches
• Video interview with Internet Archive founder Brewster Kahle (short intro in German language, the interview is in English with German subtitles)
• The European Archive in Amsterdam
• EAD Central - Search for finding aids, historical documents, photos, and more
• PublicDomainReprints.org - an experiment that prints public domain books from the Internet Archive
• Earliest known website of Internet Archive (www.archive.org) from 1997
• Early websites from 1996
• "The Internet Archive Keeps Book-Scanning Free", via Wired, March 2008. Slide show of the book scanning process.

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