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International Ownership Treaties
Antarctic Treaty System
Law of the Sea
Outer Space Treaty
Moon Treaty
International waters
Extraterrestrial real estate
High seas highlighted in blue.
High seas highlighted in blue. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security A Treaty is an agreement under International law entered into by actors in international law namely States and International organizations. The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate International relations with respect to The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS) also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty is the international agreement that resulted Key points of the Treaty The Outer Space Treaty represents the basic legal framework of international space law Content The treaty makes a declaration that the Moon (which the treaty notes includes all celestial bodies for the purposes of language should be used for the benefit of all states Extraterrestrial real estate is either land on other Planets or Natural satellites or parts of Space that is sold either through organizations or by individuals

The terms international waters or trans-boundary waters apply where any of the following types of bodies of water (or their drainage basins) transcend international boundaries: oceans, large marine ecosystems, enclosed or semi-enclosed regional seas and estuaries, rivers, lakes, groundwater systems (aquifers), and wetlands [1]. A body of water is any significant accumulation of Water, usually covering the Earth or another planet Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. Marine ecosystems are among of the earth's Aquatic ecosystems They include Oceans Salt marshes estuaries Lagoons, rocky Subtidal This article is about the body of water For other uses see SEA and Seas. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the Groundwater is Water located beneath the Ground surface in Soil pore spaces and in the Fractures of lithologic formations An aquifer is an underground layer of Water -bearing Permeable rock or unconsolidated materials ( Gravel, Sand, Silt, or Clay A wetland is an area of Land consisting of Soil that is Saturated with Moisture, such as a Swamp, Marsh, or Bog

Oceans, seas, and waters outside of national jurisdiction are also referred to as the high seas or, in Latin, mare liberum. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Ships sailing the high seas are generally under the jurisdiction of the flag state, although in cases of piracy or slave trade, any nation can exercise jurisdiction under the doctrine of hostis humani generis. In Law, jurisdiction (from the Latin ius iuris meaning "law" and dicere meaning "to speak" is the practical Authority Flag State refers to the Authority under which a country exercises Regulatory control over the Commercial vessel which is registered under its flag Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering The history of slavery uncovers many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures throughout history Hostis humani generis ( Latin for "enemy of mankind" is a Legal Term of art, originating from the Admiralty law, and referring

Contents

International waterways

Sea areas in international rights
Sea areas in international rights

Several international treaties have established freedom of navigation on semi-enclosed seas. This article is about the concept in International law and Admiralty law.

Other international treaties have opened up rivers, which are not traditionally international waterways.

Links and references

International waters agreements

Global agreements

Regional agreements

At least ten conventions are included within the Regional Seas Program of UNEP, including:

  1. the Atlantic Coast of West and Central Africa (Abidjan Convention, 1984);
  2. the North-East Pacific (Antigua Convention);
  3. the Mediterranean (Barcelona Convention);
  4. the wider Caribbean (Cartagena Convention);
  5. the South-East Pacific (Lima Convention, 1986);
  6. the South Pacific (Noumea Convention);
  7. the East African seaboard (Nairobi Convention, 1985);
  8. the Kuwait region (Kuwait Convention);
  9. the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (Jeddah Convention). London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972 commonly called the " London Convention " or "LC '72" and also London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Marpol 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978. Marpol 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS) also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty is the international agreement that resulted United Nations Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses is a document that was approved by the United Nations General Assembly by a vote of The Ramsar Convention is an international Treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Wetlands i The Convention on Biological Diversity, known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is an international Treaty that was adopted in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 The UN Environment Programme (or UNEP) coordinates United Nations environmental activities assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. Central Africa is a core Region of the African Continent often considered to include Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The 1976 Barcelona Convention for Protection against Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea is a regional convention to prevent and abate pollution from ships aircraft and land based sources The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed The Red Sea is a Salt water Inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The Gulf of Aden (خليج عدن transliterated: Khalyj 'Adan Somali: Khaleejka Cadan) is located in the Arabian Sea between

Addressing regional freshwater issues is the 1992 Helsinki Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (UNECE/Helsinki Water Convention)

Water body-specific agreements

International waters institutions

Freshwater institutions

Marine institutions

International waters resources on the web

See also

The UN Environment Programme (or UNEP) coordinates United Nations environmental activities assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS) also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty is the international agreement that resulted This article is about the concept in International law and Admiralty law. A baseline is the line from which the seaward limits of a State's Territorial sea and certain other Maritime zones of Jurisdiction are measured Territorial waters, or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most Under the law of the sea, an Exclusive Economic Zone ( EEZ) is a seazone over which a State has special rights over the exploration and use of marine The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each Continent and associated Coastal plain, which is covered during interglacial periods such Seasteading is the concept of Homesteading the Sea. The appeal of such a project is often the considerably lighter legal requirements in international waters Hugo Grotius or Huig de Groot, or Hugo de Groot; ( Delft, 10 April 1583 Rostock, 28 August 1645
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