| Intelsat, Ltd. | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Type | |
| Founded | 1964 |
| Headquarters | Washington, D.C. USA |
| Industry | Satellite communication |
| Website | www.intelsat.com |
Intelsat, Ltd. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial Satellite stationed in space for the purposes of Telecommunications. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages is the world’s largest commercial satellite communications services provider. This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. Originally formed as International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT), it was an intergovernmental consortium owning and managing a constellation of communications satellites providing international broadcast services. A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial Satellite stationed in space for the purposes of Telecommunications. As of 2007, Intelsat owns and operates a fleet of 51 communications satellites. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. in June 2007 BC Partners announced they had acquired 76 percent of Intelsat for about 3. 75 billion euros. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e [1]
Contents |
History
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The Inter-Governmental Organization (IGO) began on August 20, 1964, with 11 participating countries. International Organization is a peer-reviewed Academic journal that covers the entire field of International affairs. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. On April 6, 1965, Intelsat’s first satellite, the Intelsat I (nicknamed Early Bird), was placed in geostationary orbit above the Atlantic Ocean by a Delta D rocket. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Intelsat I (nicknamed Early Bird for the Proverb "The early bird catches the worm" was the first (commercial communications Satellite to be A geostationary orbit (GEO is a Geosynchronous orbit directly above the Earth 's Equator (0° Latitude) with a period equal to the Earth's Delta is a family of Expendable launch systems that have provided space launch capability in the United States since 1960 Due to heavy lobbying by PanAmSat, a US satellite operator, the US congress passed the Open Market Reorganization for the Betterment of International Telecommunications (ORBIT) Act in order to privatize the international organization. The former PanAmSat Corporation founded in 1984 by Reynold (Rene Anselmo, was a satellite service provider headquartered in Wilton Connecticut. In order to appease the US government Intelsat's senior management, in April 1998, spun-off five of its older satellites to a private Dutch entity, New Skies Satellites, which soon became a direct competitor to INTELSAT. April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) SES NEW SKIES, formerly New Skies Satellites ( NSS) is a Dutch operator of communications spacecraft owned by SES. In order to avert the US government's interference with Intelsat, Intelsat's senior management unsuccessfully considered relocating the IGO to another country.
On July 18, 2001, Intelsat became a private company, 37 years after being formed. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. In the period prior to Intelsat's privatization in 2001, ownership and investment in INTELSAT (measured in shares) was distributed among INTELSAT members according to their respective use of services. Investment shares determined each member’s percentage of the total contribution needed to finance capital expenditures. The organization’s primary source of revenue came from satellite usage fees which, after deduction of operating costs, was redistributed to INTELSAT members in proportion to their shares as repayment of capital and compensation for use of capital. Satellite services were available to any organization (both INTELSAT members and non-members), and all users paid the same rates.
In 1973, the name was changed and there were 80 signatories. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Intelsat provides service to over 600 Earth stations in more than 149 countries, territories and dependencies. By 2001, INTELSAT had over 100 members. It was also in this year when INTELSAT privatized and its name changed to Intelsat.
Since its inception, Intelsat has used several versions (blocks) of its dedicated Intelsat satellites. INTELSAT completes each block of spacecraft independently, leading to a variety of contractors over the years. Intelsat’s largest spacecraft supplier is Space Systems/Loral, having built 31 spacecraft (as of 2003), or nearly half of the fleet. Space Systems/Loral ( SS/L) of Palo Alto California, is the wholly owned manufacturing Subsidiary of Loral Space & Communications.
The network in its early years was not as robust as it is now. A failure of the Atlantic satellite in the spring of 1969 threatened to stop the Apollo 11 mission; a replacement satellite went into a bad orbit and could not be recovered in time; NASA had to resort to using undersea cable telephone circuits to bring Apollo's communications to NASA during the mission. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program [2] Fortunately, during the Apollo 11 moonwalk, the moon was over the Pacific Ocean, and so other antennas were used, as well as INTELSAT III, which was in geostationary orbit of the Pacific. Extra-vehicular activity ( EVA) is work done by an Astronaut away from the Earth and outside of a Spacecraft. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions [3]
Today, the number of Intelsat satellites, as well as ocean-spanning fibre-optic lines, allows rapid rerouting of traffic when one satellite fails. Modern satellites also are themselves more robust, lasting longer with much larger capacity.
Current operation
Intelsat was sold for U. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D S. $3. 1bn in January 2005 to four private equity firms: Madison Dearborn Partners, Apax Partners, Permira and Apollo Management. In Finance, private equity is an Asset class consisting of equity Securities in operating companies that are not Publicly traded on Permira is an international Private equity firm based in the United Kingdom, headed by Damon Buffini. The company acquired PanAmSat on July 3, 2006, and is now the world's largest provider of fixed satellite services, operating a fleet of 52 satellites in prime orbital locations. The former PanAmSat Corporation founded in 1984 by Reynold (Rene Anselmo, was a satellite service provider headquartered in Wilton Connecticut. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Intelsat maintains its corporate headquarters in Bermuda, with a majority of staff and satellite functions — administrative headquarters — located at the Intelsat Corporation offices in Washington, DC. Ba (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D A highly international business, Intelsat sources the majority of its revenue from non-U. S. located customers.
Spacecraft operations are controlled through ground stations in Clarksburg, Maryland (USA), Hagerstown, Maryland (USA), Riverside, California (USA), and Fuchsstadt, Germany. Clarksburg is a Census-designated place and an unincorporated area in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Hagerstown (ˈheɪgɚztaʊn is the County seat of Washington County, Maryland, United States. Riverside is the County seat of Riverside County, California, United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. [4]
Intelsat was operating Intelsat Americas-7 (known formerly as Telstar 7 and now known as Galaxy 27) which experienced a several-day power failure on 29 November 2004. Intelsat Americas, was the redesignation given to the several Telstar satellites serving North America following their sale to Intelsat by Loral Space Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " [5] The satellite returned to service with reduced capacity. [6]
Renaming
On February 1, 2007, Intelsat changed the names of 16 of its satellites formerly known under the Intelsat Americas and PanAmSat brands to Galaxy and Intelsat, respectively. Intelsat Americas, was the redesignation given to the several Telstar satellites serving North America following their sale to Intelsat by Loral Space The former PanAmSat Corporation founded in 1984 by Reynold (Rene Anselmo, was a satellite service provider headquartered in Wilton Connecticut. [7]
Satellite Details
Active
| Name | Satellite type | Orbital location | Launched | Launch vehicle | Payload |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intelsat 1R | BSS 702 (Boeing 702) | 45 West | November 16, 2000 | Ariane 5G Rocket | 36 C/36 Ku |
| Intelsat 2 | HS 601 (Boeing 601) | 169 East | July 8, 1994 | Ariane 44L Rocket | 16 C/18 Ku |
| Intelsat 3R | HS 601 (Boeing 601) | 43 West | January 13, 1996 | Ariane 44L Rocket | 16 C/22 Ku |
| Intelsat 4 | HS 601 (Boeing 601) | 72 East | August 3, 1995 | Ariane 44L Rocket | 16 C/30 Ku |
| Intelsat 7 | SS/L-1300 | 68. Boeing 702 is a Communications satellite design The Boeing Satellite Development Center tailors the payload of each Boeing 702 to meet customer specifications based Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Ariane 5 is a European Expendable launch Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Ariane 4 was an Expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Ariane 4 was an Expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Ariane 4 was an Expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace Space Systems/Loral ( SS/L) of Palo Alto California, is the wholly owned manufacturing Subsidiary of Loral Space & Communications. 5 East | September 16, 1998 | Ariane 44LP Rocket | 14 C/30 Ku |
| Intelsat 8 | SS/L-1300 | 166 East | November 4, 1998 | Proton-K | 24 C/24 Ku |
| Intelsat 9 | HS 601HP (Boeing 601HP) | 58 West | November 16, 2000 | Zenit 3-SL | 24 C/24 Ku |
| Intelsat 10 | BSS 601HP (Boeing 601HP) | 68. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Space Systems/Loral ( SS/L) of Palo Alto California, is the wholly owned manufacturing Subsidiary of Loral Space & Communications. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. 5 East | May 15, 2001 | Proton-K | 24 C/24 Ku |
| Intelsat 11 | Orbital (Star-2 Bus) | 43 West | October 5, 2007 | Ariane 5 Rocket | 16 C |
| Intelsat 12 | SS/L-1300 | 45 East | October 29, 2000 | Ariane-44LP Rocket | 30 Ku |
Retired
| Name | Satellite type | Orbital location | Launched | Retired | Launch vehicle | Payload |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intelsat 3R | HS 601 (Boeing 601) | 43 West | January 13, 1996 | March 25, 2008 | Ariane 44L Rocket | 16 C/22 Ku |
| Intelsat 5 | HS 601HP (Boeing 601HP) | 58 West | August 28, 1997 | March 25, 2001 | Proton-K | 28 C/28 Ku |
| Intelsat 6B | HS 601HP (Boeing 601HP) | 43 West | December 21, 1998 | July 14, 2008 | Ariane 42L Rocket | 32 Ku |
Future
| Name | Satellite type | Orbital location | Launched | Launch vehicle | Payload |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intelsat 13 | Orbital (Star-2 Bus) | 169 East | 2Q 11 | Ariane 5 Rocket | 16 C/24 Ku |
| Intelsat 14 | SS/L-1300 | 45 West | 2H 09 | Atlas V 431 | 40 C/22 Ku |
| Intelsat 15 | Orbital (Star-2 Bus) | 85 East | 2Q 09 | Zenit 3-SLB | 22 Ku |
| Intelsat 16 | Orbital (Star-2 Bus) | 58 West | 2H 09 | Zenit 3-SLB | 24 Ku |
| Intelsat 17 | Astrium E3000 | 166 East | 4Q 12 | Proton Breeze M | 40 C/40 Ku |
| Intelsat 18 | Astrium E3000 | 58 West | 3H 13 | Proton Breeze M | 40 C/40 Ku |
| Intelsat 19 | Astrium E3000 | 68. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. STAR Bus is a satellite platform manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation with an Apogee kick motor to place a Communications satellite into Geostationary Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ariane 5 is a European Expendable launch Space Systems/Loral ( SS/L) of Palo Alto California, is the wholly owned manufacturing Subsidiary of Loral Space & Communications. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Ariane 4 was an Expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Ariane 4 was an Expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Ariane 4 was an Expendable launch system, designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace STAR Bus is a satellite platform manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation with an Apogee kick motor to place a Communications satellite into Geostationary Ariane 5 is a European Expendable launch Space Systems/Loral ( SS/L) of Palo Alto California, is the wholly owned manufacturing Subsidiary of Loral Space & Communications. STAR Bus is a satellite platform manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation with an Apogee kick motor to place a Communications satellite into Geostationary STAR Bus is a satellite platform manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation with an Apogee kick motor to place a Communications satellite into Geostationary The Astrium E3000 is a model of Communication satellite manufactured by EADS Astrium; it is a member of Astrium's Eurostar family The Proton rocket The Astrium E3000 is a model of Communication satellite manufactured by EADS Astrium; it is a member of Astrium's Eurostar family The Proton rocket The Astrium E3000 is a model of Communication satellite manufactured by EADS Astrium; it is a member of Astrium's Eurostar family 5 East | 2Q 14 | Proton Breeze M | 40 C/40 Ku |
| Intelsat 20 | SS/L-1300 | 72 East | 2Q 11 | Atlas V 431 | 24 C/24 Ku |
See also
External links
- Intelsat, Ltd.
- Market Developments in the Global Satellite Services Industry and the Implementation of the ORBIT Act GAO-05-550T April 14, 2005
- ORBIT Act
Data
References
- ^ BC Partners Wins Control Of Satellite Group Intelsat. The Proton rocket Space Systems/Loral ( SS/L) of Palo Alto California, is the wholly owned manufacturing Subsidiary of Loral Space & Communications. Eutelsat SA is a French -based satellite provider Providing coverage over the entire European continent as well as the Middle East Africa India and significant Inmarsat plc ( is an international Telecommunications company originally operating as an Intergovernmental organization The Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications commonly known as Intersputnik is an international Satellite communications services organization Intelsat Americas, was the redesignation given to the several Telstar satellites serving North America following their sale to Intelsat by Loral Space SES SA () has a fleet of 38 Satellites at 25 orbital positions making it one of the the world's leading provider satellite communication and transmission services The Communications Satellite Corporation (COMSAT is a global Telecommunications company based in the USA, and with branches in Brazil, Argentina Intelsat 708 was a Space Systems/Loral FS-1300 Telecommunications satellite intended to be launched into a Geostationary orbit and operated SpaceDaily.
- ^ Donald E. Kimberlin (June 1, 1994). Camelot on the Moon. Retrieved on September 22, 2006.
- ^ On Eagle's Wings: The Parkes Observatory's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission (PDF). The Parkes Observatory is a Radio telescope observatory 20 kilometres north of the town of Parkes, New South Wales, Australia. Astronomical Society of Australia (July 1, 2001). Retrieved on September 22, 2006.
- ^ http://www.intelsat.com/aboutus/careers/locations.aspx List of Intelsat locations
- ^ http://portal.wikinerds.org/node/152 Wikinerds. org posting concerning IA-7 outage
- ^ Gunter's Space Page - information on Galaxy 27
- ^ http://www.intelsat.com/network/satellite/new-names.asp Further renaming information at Intelsat.
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