Intellectualism is any of a number of views regarding the use or development of the intellect or the practice of being an intellectual. Intelligence (also called intellect) is an Umbrella term used to describe a property of the Mind that encompasses many related abilities such as the capacities An intellectual (from the adjective meaning "involving thought and reason" is a person who tries to use his or her Intelligence and analytical thinking, ^[1] In non-specialized contexts, the term "intellectualism" is often used to describe an attitude of devotion or high regard for intellectual pursuits. ^[2] The term is sometimes used to name the view in philosophy that is more often called "rationalism", the view that knowledge largely or wholly is derived from reason or reasoning. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language In Epistemology and in its broadest sense rationalism is "any view appealing to Reason as a source of knowledge or justification" (Lacey 286 ^[3][4] The term can carry negative connotations of two kinds: (1) single-mindedness or "too much attention to thinking" and/or (2) emotional coldness or the absence of emotion. ^[4][3][5]

Contents 1 Intellectualism in Ancient Moral Philosophy 2 Intellectualism in Medieval Metaphysical Philosophy 3 See also 4 References

Intellectualism in Ancient Moral Philosophy

One philosophical view called "intellectualism" or "Socratic intellectualism", said to originate with Socrates, is the view that "one will do what is right or best just as soon as one truly understands what is right or best. SOCRATES is the European Community action programme in the field of Education. " ^[6] This is because on Socrates' view virtue is a purely intellectual matter, virtue is of a kind with knowledge. Virtue ( Latin virtus; Greek) is moral Excellence. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting individual

The apparently problematic consequences of this view are called "Socratic paradoxes". Some things often taken to be Socratic paradoxes are the views that that there is no weakness of will, that no one knowingly does or seeks to do evil, and that anyone who does or seeks to do moral wrong does so involuntarily. Akrasia ( ancient Greek, "lacking command (over oneself" occasionally transliterated as acrasia, is the state of acting against one's better judgment Also controversial are the views that virtue is knowledge and that there aren't many virtues, but rather, all virtues are one.

Socratic intellectualism was a key doctrine of the Stoics. Stoicism, a school of Hellenistic philosophy, was founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early third century BC

Intellectualism in Medieval Metaphysical Philosophy

In medieval philosophy, intellectualism is a doctrine regarding divine and human action, usually described as contrasting with voluntarism, in which the faculty of the intellect is seen to take precedence to or have superiority over the faculty of will. This article is about the metaphysical philosophy known as voluntarism "According to intellectualism, choices of the will result from that which the intellect recognizes as good; the will itself is determined. For voluntarism, by contrast, it is the will which determines which objects are good, and the will itself is indetermined. "^[7] Averroes, Aquinas, and Meister Eckhart are usually taken to be intellectualists of this sort. Abū 'l-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rushd (Arabicأبو الوليد محمد بن احمد بن رشد better known just as Ibn Rushd (ابن رشد and in European Meister Eckhart OP (c 1260–c 1328 is the most common formula used to refer to Eckhart von Hochheim, a German theologian

See also

• Anti-intellectualism
• Intellectual

References

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