The order Insectivora (from Latin insectum "insect" and vorare "to eat") is a now-abandoned biological grouping within the class of mammals. This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands
In the past, the grouping was used as a scrapbasket for a variety of small to very small, relatively unspecialised, insectivorous mammals. Since any primitive-looking fossil groups of placental mammals were commonly assigned to this order for convenience, it was held to constitute the basal stock out of which other placental orders had evolved. See also Evolution of mammals Eutheria ("true beast" are a group of Mammals consisting of Placental mammals plus all extinct Mammals At its widest extent, therefore, the order Insectivora was polyphyletic and cannot be considered a clade. In Phylogenetics, a Taxon is polyphyletic ( Greek for "of many races" if the trait its members have in common evolved separately in different A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor
The taxonomy has been refined in recent years, and treeshrews, elephant shrews, and colugos have now been placed in separate orders, as have many fossil groups that were formerly included here. Taxonomy, sometimes alpha taxonomy, is the Science of finding describing and categorising Organisms thus giving rise to taxonomic groups or taxa The treeshrews (or tree shrews) are small Mammals native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Elephant shrews or jumping shrews are small insectivorous Mammals native to Africa, belonging to the Macroscelididae family in the For some time it was held that the remaining insectivoran families constituted a monophyletic grouping, or clade, to which the name Lipotyphla had long been applied. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor However, molecular evidence indicated that Chrysochloridae (golden moles) and Tenrecidae (tenrecs) also should be separated as a new order Afrosoricida. Golden moles are small insectivorous burrowing Mammals native to southern Africa. The order Afrosoricida (a Latin-Greek compound name which means "looking like African shrews" contains the Golden moles of southern Africa and The species remaining in the clade Insectivora were then referred to as order Eulipotyphla. After further scrutiny, other evidence now indicates that even Erinaceidae (hedgehogs) should also be placed in a separate order from the remainder, comprising the families Soricidae (shrews), Talpidae (moles), Solenodontidae and Nesophontidae. A hedgehog is any of the small spiny Mammals of the Subfamily Erinaceinae and the order Erinaceomorpha. [1] These two orders, Erinaceomorpha and Soricomorpha, now replace Insectivora. Erinaceidae is the only living family in the order of the Erinaceomorpha. The order Soricomorpha ("shrew-form" is a biological Clade within the class of Mammals In previous years it formed a significant Molecular studies indicate that Soricomorpha is paraphyletic, because Soricidae shared a more recent common ancestor with Erinaceidae than with other soricomorphs. [2]
- ORDER INSECTIVORA
- Family Erinaceidae
- Family Soricidae
- Subfamily Crocidurinae: white-toothed shrews
- Subfamily Soricinae: red-toothed shrews
- Subfamily Myosoricinae: African white-toothed shrews
- Family Talpidae
- Subfamily Desmaninae: desmans
- Subfamily Talpinae: moles
- Subfamily Uropsilinae: shrew moles
- Family Solenodontidae: solenodons
- Family Nesophontidae: extinct West Indian shrews
Family-level cladogram of extant insectivoran relationships, following Roca et al. Erinaceidae is the only living family in the order of the Erinaceomorpha. A hedgehog is any of the small spiny Mammals of the Subfamily Erinaceinae and the order Erinaceomorpha. Gymnures, also called Hairy Hedgehogs or Moon Rats, are Mammals belonging to the subfamily Galericinae, in the family Erinaceidae Gymnures, also called Hairy Hedgehogs or Moon Rats, are Mammals belonging to the subfamily Galericinae, in the family Erinaceidae The White-toothed shrews or Crocidurinae are one of three subfamilies of the Shrew family Soricidae. The Red-toothed shrews or Soricinae are one of three living subfamilies Crocidurinae (White-toothed shrews Myosoricinae (African white-toothed shrews The family Talpidae includes the moles and the Desmans small insectivorous mammals of the order Soricomorpha. The Desmans or tribe Desmanini are one of several tribes of the mole family Talpidae. Solenodons are Nocturnal, burrowing Insectivorous Mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae. The members of the genus Nesophontes, sometimes called West Indies shrews, were members of the extinct family of mammals Nesophontidae in :[2]
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These families have been placed within Insectivora in the past:
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- Family Chrysochloridae (golden moles)
- Family Tenrecidae (tenrecs)
- Family Macroscelididae (elephant shrews)
- Family Tupaiidae (treeshrews)
- Family Cynocephalidae (colugos)
Not to be confused with insectivores (the eaters of insects considered as an ecological niche), not all of which belong to the Order Insectivora. Solenodons are Nocturnal, burrowing Insectivorous Mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae. The family Talpidae includes the moles and the Desmans small insectivorous mammals of the order Soricomorpha. Erinaceidae is the only living family in the order of the Erinaceomorpha. Golden moles are small insectivorous burrowing Mammals native to southern Africa. Golden moles are small insectivorous burrowing Mammals native to southern Africa. Elephant shrews or jumping shrews are small insectivorous Mammals native to Africa, belonging to the Macroscelididae family in the Elephant shrews or jumping shrews are small insectivorous Mammals native to Africa, belonging to the Macroscelididae family in the The treeshrews (or tree shrews) are small Mammals native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. An insectivore is a type of carnivore with a diet that consists chiefly of Insects and similar small creatures In Ecology, a niche (pronounced nich nēsh or nish A shorthand definition of niche is how an organism makes a living
References
- ^ Hutterer, Rainer (2005-11-16). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published in Wilson, D. E. , and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 212-311. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
- ^ a b Roca, A. L. , G. K. Bar-Gal, E. Eizirik, K. M. Helgen, R. Maria, M. S. Springer, S. J. O'Brien, and W. J. Murphy (2004). "Mesozoic origin for West Indian insectivores". Nature 429: 649-651. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
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