Inner city - Citizendia

For other uses, see Inner city (disambiguation).

The inner city is the central area of a major city. In the United States, United Kingdom and Ireland, the term is often applied to the poorer parts of the city centre and is sometimes used as a euphemism with the connotation of being an area, perhaps a ghetto or slum, where residents are less educated and more impoverished and where there is more crime. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world A euphemism is a substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener or in the case of doublespeak A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security Sociologists in these countries sometimes turn this euphemism into a formal designation, applying the term "inner city" to such residential areas rather than to geographically more central commercial districts.

Such connotations are less common in other Western countries, where deprived areas may be located in outlying parts of cities. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings For instance, in Paris, Vienna or Amsterdam, the inner city is the richest part of the metropolis, where housing is the most expensive, and where elites and high-income individuals dwell. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Poverty and crime are more associated with the suburbs. The French word for "suburb" ("banlieue"), as well as the Swedish equivalent ("förort") often have a negative connotation, especially when used in the plural. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Banlieue-erevanjpg|thumb|Banlieue of Erevan; Armenia]][[Image Etalement urbain banlieue paris - 03 Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the The Million Programme ( Miljonprogrammet) is the common name for an ambitious housing programme implemented in Sweden between 1965 and 1974

The peculiar American sociological usage is rooted in the middle 20th century. When automobiles became affordable in the United States, many middle and high-income residents, who were mostly white, moved to suburbs to have larger homes, less crime and less diversity. The loss of taxes caused many inner city communities to fall into disrepair; however, late in the century, many inner city areas across the United States have undergone gentrification, especially in the North-east and West coast. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class

1 Anti-urbanism
2 Old and new
3 Further reading
4 See also
5 External links

Anti-urbanism

The United States has had what has been described as a culture of "anti-urbanism" that may date back to the early days of the Union, as Thomas Jefferson wrote that "The mobs of great cities add just so much to the support of pure government as sores do to the strength of the human body. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence " On the businessmen who brought manufacturing industry into cities and hence increased the population density necessary to supply the workforce, he wrote that "the manufactures of the great cities . . . have begotten a depravity of morals, a dependence and corruption, which renders them an undesirable accession to a country whose morals are sound. " Similar sentiments for rustic virtue may be found in the works of Rousseau and in the Back-to-the-land movement of the 20th century. The phrase " back-to-the-land movement " refers to a North American social phenomenon of the 1960s and 1970s

Modern anti-urban attitudes are found in America in the form of the housing development profession that continues to develop land on a low-density suburban basis, where access to amenities, work and shopping is provided almost exclusively by car rather than on foot. There is usually significant opposition to expanding mass transit, typically on financial grounds.

Contemporary anti-urban attitudes in the United States may at times be linked to racism. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that In the United States, large numbers of African Americans migrated from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North during the 20th century, in what became known as the Great Migration. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive The Northern United States is a large geographic region of the United States of America. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on See also Second Great Migration (African American The Great Migration was the movement of approximately seven million African-Americans out of the Meanwhile, the development of interstate highways allowed for easy access to suburban areas, helping to spur white flight to suburban areas. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) White flight is a term for the demographic trend in which working and Middle-class White people move away from Suburbs By the late 20th century, many inner cities of large American cities had non-white majorities, while suburbs of the cities were often heavily white. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. Patterns of white flight have also taken place in parts of large British cities as immigrants from South Asia, the Caribbean and elsewhere have moved in. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting

Old and new

A rival contemporary North American movement is that of New Urbanism, which calls for a return to traditional city planning methods in where mixed-use zoning allows people to walk from one type of land-use to another, as was done before the invention of mass transit and zoning. New Urbanism is an American Urban design movement that arose in the early 1980s Zoning is a term used in Urban planning for a system of land-use Regulation in various parts of the world including North America the United Kingdom The movement seeks to have housing, shopping, office space, and leisure facilities located within walking distance of each other, thus reducing the demand for roadways and also improving the efficiency and effectiveness of mass transit.

The thriving of "old urbanism" in inner cities, in which prosperous individuals and families move into formerly poor neighborhoods, is known as gentrification. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class

External links

Inner City Press - uses the South Bronx as its example and laboratory of New Urbanism. Bid rent theory is a Geographical Economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on Real estate changes as the distance towards the CBD A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city The Concentric ring model also known as the Burgess model was the first to explain distribution of Social groups within Urban areas Based on Chicago Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure Industrial deconcentration is a socio-economic term used to describe the movement of industrial zones ( factories) away from the center of the City, and The suburban colonization process is observed in larger cities that have suffered population and political power loss to Suburbs Other Colonialism is often studied Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area

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Contents

Anti-urbanism

Old and new

Further reading

See also

External links