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Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Mongolian :
Öbür mongɣul-un öbertegen jasaqu orun[1]
Chinese : 内蒙古自治区
Nèi Měnggǔ Zìzhìqū
Abbreviations: 内蒙古[1]  (pinyin: Nèi Měnggǔ)
Inner Mongolia is highlighted on this map. The striped area is nominally part of Inner Mongolia, but is in fact administered by neighbouring Heilongjiang province.
Origin of name Inner Mongolia is closer than Outer Mongolia to China proper
Administration type Autonomous region
Capital Hohhot
Largest city Baotou
Official languages Mandarin
Mongolian
Designated Minority Mongolian
CPC Ctte Secretary Chu Bo 储波
Chairman Bagatur 巴特尔
Area 1,183,000 km² (457,000 sq mi) (3rd)
Population (2004)
 - Density		 23,840,000 (23rd)
20. The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Outer Mongolia (Ar Mongol Manchu: Tulergi Monggo) was the main part of the Bogdo Khanate of Mongolia which proclaimed its independence on 29 December 1911 China proper (also known as Inner China) refers to the historical lands of China where the Han Chinese are the majority Ethnic group, in contrast An autonomous region ( is a first-level administrative subdivision of China. Hohhot ( Mongolian:, Kökeqota; lit "Blue Town") occasionally spelled Huhehot or Huhhot, is a city in North-central China and the Baotou ( Buɣutu) is a Prefecture-level city and the largest city in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the A committee (some of which are titled instead as a "Commission" or other terms discussed below in) is a type of small Deliberative assembly that is usually intended Chu Bo ( born 1944 is a regional Chinese politician currently the Communist Party of China Secretary for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region therefore the top Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions special administrative In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions municipalities 2 /km² (52 /sq mi) (28th)
GDP (2006)
 - per capita		 CNY 479 billion (17th)
CNY 20,047 (10th)
HDI (2005) 0. This articles lists of the first-level administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (P Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of Mainland China (including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of their total Gross This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 738 (medium) (20th)
Nationalities percentage Han - 79%
Mongol - 17%
Manchu - 2%
Hui - 0. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. 9%
Daur - 0. This arcticle is about the Daur people and their language For the Daur region of Pakistan see Daur region ---- The Daur people ( Traditional Chinese 3%
Prefecture-level 12 divisions
County-level 101 divisions
Township-level† 1425 divisions
ISO 3166-2 CN-15
Official website
http://www.nmg.gov.cn
(Simplified Chinese)
Source for population and GDP data:
《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005
ISBN 7503747382
Source for nationalities data:
《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China
ISBN 7105054255
† As at December 31, 2004

Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: , Öbür mongɣul; Chinese: 内蒙古; pinyin: Nèi Měnggǔ; officially romanized to Nei Mongol) is the Mongol autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, although the majority of its population is Han Chinese. Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use An autonomous region ( is a first-level administrative subdivision of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world.

Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia. ( Postal map spelling: Heilungkiang Manchu: Sahaliyan ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern ( Postal map spelling: Kirin; Manchu: Girin ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Ningxia ( Postal map spelling: Ningsia full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ( is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending It is the third-largest subdivision of China spanning almost 300 million acres or 12% of China's land area. It has a population of about 24 million as of 2004. The capital is Hohhot. Hohhot ( Mongolian:, Kökeqota; lit "Blue Town") occasionally spelled Huhehot or Huhhot, is a city in North-central China and the

The official languages are Standard Mandarin and Mongolian, the latter written in the classical alphabet. Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of The classic vertical Mongolian script (ɣɣul bičig, cyrillic: Монгол бичиг Mongol bichig) was the first of many writing systems created

Contents

Name

In Chinese, the region is known as "Inner Mongolia", where the terms of "Inner/Outer" are derived from Manchu dorgi/tulergi. Manchu is a Tungusic language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Inner Mongolia is distinct from Outer Mongolia, which was a term used by the Republic of China and previous governments to refer to what is now the independent state of Mongolia plus the Republic of Tuva in Russia. Outer Mongolia (Ar Mongol Manchu: Tulergi Monggo) was the main part of the Bogdo Khanate of Mongolia which proclaimed its independence on 29 December 1911 REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East Tyva Republic (Респу́блика Тыва́ Respublika Tyva, rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə tɨˈva Тыва Республика Tyva Respublika) or Tuva Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending In Mongolian, the region is known as öbör mongγol where öbör can mean south, inner, front, bosom, breast. This is probably related to traditional Mongolian and Manchu world view where south is regarded as front, right as west, left as east and north as back. Some Mongolians use the name "Southern Mongolia" in English as well. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

History

See also: History of Mongolia

Throughout most of history and time, central and western Inner Mongolia, especially the Hetao region, alternated in control between Chinese agriculturalists in the south and Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Nurchen, and Mongol nomads of the north. The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various Nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Rouran, the Xianbei, the Gökturks Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The Xiongnu ( Turkish: Doğu Hun were a confederation of nomadic tribes from Central Asia with a ruling class of unknown origin and other subjugated tribes The Xianbei ( were a significant nomadic people residing in Manchuria and eastern Mongolia, or Xianbei Shan. The Khitan (or Khitai,) were a Nomadic people, located in Mongolia and modern Manchuria (Northeast China from the 4th century dominating much of it The Jurchens ( were a Tungus people who inhabited the region of Manchuria ( Northeast China) until the 17th century when they adopted the name Manchu Eastern Inner Mongolia is properly speaking a part of Manchuria, and its historical narrative consists more of alternations between different groups there rather than the struggle between nomads and Chinese agriculturalists. Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast

During the Zhou Dynasty, central and western Inner Mongolia (the Hetao region and surrounding areas) were inhabited by nomadic peoples such as the Loufan, Linhu, and Dí, while eastern Inner Mongolia was inhabited by the Donghu. The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. Donghu ( literally "eastern hu" was an ancient nomadic tribe or tribal union in Northeast China During the Warring States Period, King Wuling (340–295 BC) of the state of Zhao based in what is now Hebei and Shanxi provinces pursued an expansionist policy towards the region. The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the King Wuling of Zhao (Traditional Chinese趙武靈王 Simplified Chinese 赵武灵王 (? - 295 BCE, reigned 325 BCE - 299 BCE) reigned in the State Zhao ( Pinyin: zhào Traditional Chinese: 趙 Simplified Chinese: 赵 was a Chinese State during ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. After destroying the Dí state of Zhongshan in what is now Hebei province, he defeated the Linhu and Loufan and created the commandery of Yunzhong near modern Hohhot. Zhongshan (中山國 Pinyin: Zhōngshān Guó was a State in the Zhou Dynasty that roughly corresponds to the territory of the modern prefecture-level Datong ( is a city in the northern Shanxi Province in China, and is located a few hundred kilometres west by rail from Beijing with an elevation of Hohhot ( Mongolian:, Kökeqota; lit "Blue Town") occasionally spelled Huhehot or Huhhot, is a city in North-central China and the King Wuling of Zhao also built a long wall stretching through the Hetao region. After Qin Shihuang created the first unified Chinese empire in 221 BC, he sent the general Meng Tian to drive the Xiongnu from the region, and incorporated the old Zhao wall into the Qin Dynasty Great Wall of China. Qin Shi Huang ( (259 BC – September 10 210 BC personal name Yíng Zhèng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BCE to 221 BCE (during the Meng Tian (蒙恬 ( ?-210 BC was a general of the Qin Dynasty who distinguished himself against the Xiongnu and in the construction of the Great Wall of China The Xiongnu ( Turkish: Doğu Hun were a confederation of nomadic tribes from Central Asia with a ruling class of unknown origin and other subjugated tribes He also maintained two commanderies in the region: Jiuyuan and Yunzhong, and moved 30,000 households there to solidify the region. After the Qin Dynasty collapsed in 206 BC, these efforts were abandoned.

During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu sent the general Wei Qing to reconquer the Hetao region from the Xiongnu in 127 BC. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. Background birth and years as crown prince Emperor Wu was the tenth child of Emperor Jing, and was born to one of Emperor Jing's favorite Concubines, Wèi Qīng ( d 106 BC born in Linfen, Shanxi, was a general during Han Dynasty of China, whose campaigns against Xiongnu After the conquest, Emperor Wu continued the policy of building settlements in Hetao to defend against the Xiong-Nu. In that same year he established the commanderies of Shuofang and Wuyuan in Hetao. At the same time, what is now eastern Inner Mongolia was controlled by the Xianbei, who would later on eclipse the Xiongnu in power and influence. The Xianbei ( were a significant nomadic people residing in Manchuria and eastern Mongolia, or Xianbei Shan.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220 AD), Xiongnu who surrendered to the Han Dynasty began to be settled in Hetao, and intermingled with the Han immigrants in the area. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. Later on during the Western Jin Dynasty, it was a Xiongnu noble from Hetao, Liu Yuan, who established the Han Zhao kingdom in the region, thereby beginning the Sixteen Kingdoms period that saw the disintegration of northern China under a variety of Han and non-Han (including Xiongnu and Xianbei) regimes. The Jìn Dynasty ( 265 – 420) one of the Six Dynasties, followed the Three Kingdoms period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties The Han Zhao ( 304 - 329) was a State of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Chinese Jin Dynasty (265-420. The Sixteen Kingdoms ( or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in China proper and its neighboring areas

The Sui Dynasty (581–618) and Tang Dynasty (618–907) re-established a unified Chinese empire, and like their predecessors they conquered and settled people into Hetao, though once again these efforts were aborted when the Tang empire began to collapse. The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Hetao (along with the rest of what now consists Inner Mongolia) was then taken over by the Khitan Empire (Liao Dynasty), founded by the Khitans, a nomadic people originally from what is now the southern part of Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia. The Liao Dynasty ( 907 - 1125, also known as the Khitan Empire (契丹國 was an empire in northern China that ruled over the regions of Manchuria They were followed by Western Xia of the Tanguts, which took control of what is now the western part of Inner Mongolia (including western Hetao). Xi Xia redirects here For a Chinese general whose name may be transliterated as Xi Xia see Xi Qia The Western Xia Dynasty ( or The Tangut ( identified with the state of Western Xia, were a Qiangic - Tibetan people who moved to northwestern China sometime before The Khitans were later replaced by the Jurchens, precursors to the modern Manchus, who established the Jinn Dynasty over Manchuria and northern China. The Jurchens ( were a Tungus people who inhabited the region of Manchuria ( Northeast China) until the 17th century when they adopted the name Manchu The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in This is an article for the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 For other Chinese dynasties whose names are also rendered "Jin" in Pinyin, see Jin Dynasty

Inner Mongolian desert
Inner Mongolian desert

Genghis Khan unified the Mongol tribes in 1206, conquered the Tanguts in 1227, the Jurchens in 1234, and his descendants completed his conquest of China in 1279, establishing the Yuan Dynasty. Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai After the Yuan Dynasty was evicted from China by the Han Chinese Ming Dynasty in 1368, the Ming rebuilt the Great Wall of China at its present location, which roughly follows the southern border of the modern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (though it deviates significantly at the Hebei-Inner Mongolia border). The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led

The Manchus gained control of the Inner Mongolian tribes in the early 17th century, then invaded Ming China in 1644, bringing it under the control of their Qing Dynasty. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Under the Manchu Qing dynasty (1644–1912), Mongolia was administered in a different way for each region:

Ordinary Mongols were not allowed to travel outside their own leagues. While there had been Han Chinese farmers in what is now Inner Mongolia since the time of Altan Khan, mass settlement began in the late nineteenth century. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Altan Khan (1507-1582 Mongolian Алтан хан whose given name was Anda, was the ruler of the Tumed Mongols and de facto ruler of the Right Wing or western The Manchus were becoming increasingly sinicized, and faced with the Russian threat, they began to encourage Han Chinese farmers to settle in both Mongolia and Manchuria. This policy has been followed by subsequent governments. The railroads that were being built in these regions were especially useful to the Han Chinese settlers. Land was either sold by Mongol Princes, or leased to Han Chinese farmers, or simply taken away from the nomads and given to Han Chinese farmers.

During the Republic of China era, Outer Mongolia regained independence. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES At the same time, Inner Mongolia was reorganized into provinces:

Some Republic of China maps still show this structure. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES

Manchuria came under the control of the Japanese puppet state Manchukuo in 1931, taking the Mongol areas in the Manchurian provinces (i. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern e. Hulunbuir and Jirim leagues) along. Rehe was also incorporated into Manchukuo in 1933, taking Juu Uda and Josutu leagues along with it. These areas were administered by Manchukuo until the end of World War II in 1945. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

In 1937, open war broke out between the Republic of China and Japan. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. On December 8, 1937, Mongolian Prince De Wang declared the independence of the remaining parts of Inner Mongolia (i. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Prince Demchugdongrub ( February 8, 1902 - May 23, 1966) was the leader of a Mongol independence movement in Inner Mongolia e. the Suiyuan and Chahar provinces) as Mengkiang or Mengkukuo, and signed close agreements with Manchukuo and Japan, thereby turning Inner Mongolia to a puppet of the Japanese Empire. Mengjiang ( Postal map spelling: Mengkiang) also known in English as Mongol Border Land, was a Puppet state in Inner Mongolia The capital was established at Zhangbei (now in Hebei province), with the puppet government's control extending as far west as the Hohhot region. ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Hohhot ( Mongolian:, Kökeqota; lit "Blue Town") occasionally spelled Huhehot or Huhhot, is a city in North-central China and the In August 1945, Mengkiang was taken by Soviet and Outer Mongolian troops during Operation August Storm.

Following the end of World War II, the Chinese Communists regained Manchuria with some Soviet support, and established the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947 following Soviet nationalities policy. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Initially the autonomous region included just the Hulunbuir region. Over the next decade, as the communists established the People's Republic of China and consolidated control over mainland China, Inner Mongolia was expanded westwards to include five of the six original leagues (except Josutu League, which remains in Liaoning province), the northern part of the Chahar region, by then a league as well (southern Chahar remains in Hebei province), the Hetao region, and the Alashan and Ejine banners. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Eventually, near all areas with sizeable Mongol populations were incorporated into the region, giving present-day Inner Mongolia its elongated shape.

In 1969, during the Cultural Revolution, much of Inner Mongolia was distributed among surrounding provinces, with Hulunbuir divided between Heilongjiang and Jilin, Jirim going to Jilin, Juu Uda to Liaoning, and the Alashan and Ejine region divided among Gansu and Ningxia. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into ( Postal map spelling: Heilungkiang Manchu: Sahaliyan ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern ( Postal map spelling: Kirin; Manchu: Girin ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern ( Postal map spelling: Kirin; Manchu: Girin ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Ningxia ( Postal map spelling: Ningsia full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ( is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic This was reversed in 1979.

There are groups calling for the independence of Inner Mongolia from what they view as Chinese imperialism; these groups, however, have less influence and support within and outside Inner Mongolia than similar movements in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Taiwan. Historically ancient China has been one of the world's oldest Empires.

In the 1980s, Xi Haiming (Mongolian: Temtselt Shobshuud), Huchuntegus (Chinese: Hu Qing Te Gu Si), Wang Manglai ((Chinese: Wang Man Lai) and Hada, all students at universities in Hohhot, discussed establishment of the Inner Mongolian People's Party, for Mongolians in Inner Mongolia. The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of Hada is a Mongol activist who is fighting for Self-determination of Southern Mongolia (the Inner Mongolia province of China) who is currently in Hohhot ( Mongolian:, Kökeqota; lit "Blue Town") occasionally spelled Huhehot or Huhhot, is a city in North-central China and the Inner Mongolian People's Party, or IMPP (Öbür mongɣul-un arad-un nam, or 内人党 pinyin nèiréndǎng is an Inner Mongolian Secessionist movement Hada established the Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance but he was arrested and he is currently a political prisoner. The Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance was created in May 1992, by Hada and other mongol activists including Tegexi. Xi Haiming fled his country and established the Inner Mongolian People's Party in New York, in March, 1997. [2]

Historically, an Inner Mongolian People's Party (pinyin: Neirendang) had existed before the establishment of the PRC, but was merged with the ruling Communist Party of China (CPC) after the CPC came to power in 1949. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During the 1966-76 Cultural Revolution, certain elements within the Chinese government, including notorious security chief Kang Sheng, claimed that the party had covertly revived itself as a hostile separate entity and sought to extinguish it. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into Kang Sheng ( Chinese: 康生 1898&ndash December 16, 1975) Communist Party of China (CPC official was the head of the People's Republic This resulted in 790,000 people being put in prison, criticized, and investigated in direct connection with the case and the witchhunt that followed during the Cultural Revolution. "Witch trial" redirects here For the song by Rush, see Fear series. Of these 22,900 died and 120,000 were maimed. [3]

Administrative divisions

Inner Mongolia is divided into 12 prefecture-level divisions, including nine prefecture-level cities and three leagues. See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and A league ( ayimaɣ or historically čiɣulɣan; Chinese: 盟 Pinyin: méng is an administrative unit in Inner Mongolia,

The nine prefecture-level cities are:

The three leagues are:

Many of the prefecture-level cities were converted very recently from leagues. A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and Baotou ( Buɣutu) is a Prefecture-level city and the largest city in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. This article deals with the Bayan Nur Prefecture-level city in Inner Mongolia. Chifeng ( ɣɣanqada lit “red peak” or "red cliff" respectively is a Prefecture-level city in southeastern Inner Mongolia. Hohhot ( Mongolian:, Kökeqota; lit "Blue Town") occasionally spelled Huhehot or Huhhot, is a city in North-central China and the Hulunbuir ( Kölün buyir; Chinese: 呼伦贝尔 Pinyin: Hūlúnbèi'ěr) is a region that is governed as a Prefecture-level city Ordos ( Ordus; Chinese: 鄂尔多斯 Pinyin: È'ěrduōsī) is a Prefecture-level city in southwestern Inner Mongolia Tongliao ( Pinyin: Tōngliáo Mongolian: Töngliyao hot is a Prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, China. Ulanqab ( Ulaɣančab; Chinese: 乌兰察布 Pinyin: Wūlánchábù) is a Prefecture-level city in Inner Mongolia Wuhai ( Üqai is a Prefecture-level city and regional center in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China A league ( ayimaɣ or historically čiɣulɣan; Chinese: 盟 Pinyin: méng is an administrative unit in Inner Mongolia, Alxa League (ɣɣ,) is one of 12 prefecture level divisions and three extant leagues of Inner Mongolia. Hinggan league ( Kingɣan ayimaɣ Chinese: 兴安盟 Pinyin: Xīng'ān Méng is an administrative division of Inner Mongolia. Xilin Gol ( Sili-yin ɣoul ayimaɣ, Chinese 锡林郭勒盟 is one of 12 prefecture level divisions of Inner Mongolia. A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and A league ( ayimaɣ or historically čiɣulɣan; Chinese: 盟 Pinyin: méng is an administrative unit in Inner Mongolia,

The twelve prefecture-level divisions of Inner Mongolia are subdivided into 101 county-level divisions, including twenty-one districts, eleven county-level cities, seventeen counties, forty-nine banners, and three autonomous banners. See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. A county-level city ( is a county-level administrative division of Mainland China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) This article is about a type of administrative division in Inner Mongolia China In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' Those are in turn divided into 1425 township-level divisions, including 532 towns, 407 townships, 277 sumu, eighteen ethnic townships, one ethnic sumu, and 190 subdistricts. See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted When referring to Political Divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 鎮 (simplified 镇; pinyin zhèn Wade-Giles Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. Sum, sumu, sumon, and somon ( sumuud) are a type of administrative district used in China, Mongolia, and Russia In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' Subdistrict is a low level Administrative division of a country

See the List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia for a complete list of county-level divisions. Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, is made up of prefecture-level divisions which are divided into county-level divisions See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted

Economy

Farming of crops such as wheat takes precedence along the river valleys. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. In the more arid grasslands, herding of goats, sheep and so on is a traditional method of subsistence. The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe Forestry and hunting are somewhat important in the Greater Khingan ranges in the east. Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. The Greater Khingan Range ( Pinyin: Dàxīng'ānlǐng Manchu: Amba Hinggan also called the Greater Hing'an Range or Greater Hinggan Range Reindeer herding is carried out by Evenks in the Evenk Autonomous Banner. The Evenks or Evenki (autonym Эвэнкил Evenkil; Эвенки Evenki; 鄂温克族 pny ''Èwēnkè Zú'' formerly known as Tungus More recently, growing grapes and winemaking have become an economic factor in the Wuhai area. For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is Winemaking, or vinification, is the production of Wine, starting with selection of the Grapes and ending with bottling the finished wine Wuhai ( Üqai is a Prefecture-level city and regional center in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China

Inner Mongolia has abundance of resources especially coal, cashmere, natural gas, rare earth elements, and has more deposits of naturally-occurring niobium, zirconium and beryllium than any other province-level region in China. Rare earth elements and rare earth metals are according to IUPAC, the collection of seventeen Chemical elements in the Periodic table, namely Niobium (naɪˈoʊbiəm or columbium (/kəˈlʌmbiəm/ is a Chemical element that has the symbol Nb and Atomic number 41 Zirconium (zɚˈkoʊniəm /ˌzɝˈkoʊniəm/ is a Chemical element with the symbol Zr and Atomic number 40 Beryllium (bəˈrɪliəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Be and Atomic number 4 A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. However in the past, the exploitation and utilisation of resources were rather inefficient, which resulted in poor returns from rich resources. Inner Mongolia is also an important coal production base in north China. It plans to double annual coal output by 2010 (from the 2005 volume of 260 million tons) to 500 million tons of coal a year [2].

Industry in Inner Mongolia has grown up mainly around coal, power generation, forestry-related industries, and so forth. Electricity generation is the process of converting non-electrical Energy to Electricity. Inner Mongolia now laid emphasis on six competitive industries, namely energy, chemicals, metallurgy, equipment manufacturing, processing of farm (including dairy) produce as well as hi-tech products. A dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal Milk &mdashmostly from goats or cows, but also from buffalo, Sheep Well-known Inner Mongolian enterprises include companies such as ERDOS, Yili, and Mengniu. China Mengniu Dairy Company Limited () is a manufacturing and distribution company of Dairy products and Ice cream in the People's Republic of China

The nominal GDP of Inner Mongolia in 2006 was 479 billion yuan (US$60. 1 billion), a growth of 18% from 2005, with an average annual increase of 16. 6%. Its per capita GDP exceeded 20,000 yuan (US$2,500). In 2005, Inner Mongolia's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 60. 01 billion yuan, 168. 51 billion yuan, and 153. 76 billion yuan respectively. In 2006, The urban per capita disposable income and rural per capita net income were 10,358 yuan and 3,342 yuan, up 12% and 11. Disposable income is Gross income minus Income tax on that income 8% respectively. [4]

As with much of China, economic growth has led to a boom in construction, including new commercial development and large apartment complexes.

As the winds in the grasslands are very high some of the private company's have set up wind parks in parts of Inner mangolia like Bailingmiao, Hutengliang and zhouzi.

Government and Politics

Under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, articles 112-122, autonomous regions have limited autonomy in both the political and economic arena. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China ( is the highest law within the People's Republic of China. An autonomous area is an area of a Country that has a degree of Autonomy, or freedom from an external authority In theory, autonomous regions have more discretion in administering economic policy in the region in accordance with "national guidelines". In practice, however, the Chairman -who is usually ethnic Mongolian - is always kept in check by the more powerful Communist Party Regional Committee Secretary, who is usually from a different part of China and Han Chinese. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the The current party secretary is Chu Bo, a native of Anhui province. Chu Bo ( born 1944 is a regional Chinese politician currently the Communist Party of China Secretary for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region therefore the top Anhui (in Chinese: 安徽 Ānhuī) is a province of the People's Republic of China. [5] The Inner Mongolian government and its subsidiaries follow roughly the same structure as that of a normal Chinese province. With regards to economic policy, as a part of increased federalism characteristics in China, Inner Mongolia has become more independent in implementing its own economic roadmap. Chinese federalism refers to political theories which argue that China 's central government either does or should devolve large amounts of power to local entities

Inner Mongolian politics, however, has had a history of concentrating more on showpiece projects, such as widening roads, building architecturally exotic buildings, etc. , as opposed to dealing with the needs of the overwhelming majority. The superficial development is often done to impress the central government. For example, in preparation for the 60th Anniversary celebrations of the founding of the Autonomous Region, the government spent vast amounts of money building a new 60,000-capacity stadium in suburban Hohhot that is unlikely to have capacity crowds after the celebrations are over[6]. Hohhot ( Mongolian:, Kökeqota; lit "Blue Town") occasionally spelled Huhehot or Huhhot, is a city in North-central China and the Moreover, the government's obsession with increasing the GDP has made growth severely imbalanced. Regional officials, especially exemplified by current IMAR Party Chief Chu Bo have a known history of corruption. Chu Bo ( born 1944 is a regional Chinese politician currently the Communist Party of China Secretary for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region therefore the top [7] Chu has challenged the central government on many economic issues, and ignored the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection's (CCDI) warnings to stop his corrupt behavior in April 2007. The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China ( often abbreviated to 中纪委 is the quasi-government body within the People's Republic of China As a direct result, Chu's governing style is known to be the new autonomy political wave where leaders in Autonomous Regions, Shanghai, and Guangdong in particular deviate policy in opposition to central government directives. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the

List of CPC Secretaries

  1. Ulanhu (乌兰夫): 1947-1966
  2. Xie Xuegong (解学恭): 1966－1967
  3. Teng Haiqing (滕海清): 1968－1969
  4. Zheng Weishan (郑维山): 1969－1971
  5. You Taizhong (尤太忠): 1971－1978
  6. Zhou Hui (周惠): 1978－1986
  7. Zhang Shuguang (张曙光): 1986－1987
  8. Wang Qun (王群): 1987－1994
  9. Liu Mingzu (刘明祖): 1994－2001
  10. Chu Bo (储波): 2001－incumbent

List of Chairmen of Government

  1. Ulanhu (乌兰夫): 1947－1966
  2. Teng Haiqing (滕海清): 1967－1971
  3. You Taizhong (尤太忠): 1971－1978
  4. Kong Fei (孔飞): 1978－1982
  5. Buhe (布赫): 1982－1993
  6. Uliji (乌力吉): 1993－1998
  7. Yun Bulong (云布龙): 1998－2000
  8. Uyunqimg (乌云其木格): 2000－2003
  9. Yang Jing (杨晶): 2003-2008
  10. Bagatur (巴特尔): 2008-

Demography

See also: List of Chinese ethnic groups

Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group, constituting about 80% of the population. Ulanhu ( Chinese: 乌兰夫 1906 - December 8 1988) was the founder of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China Chu Bo ( born 1944 is a regional Chinese politician currently the Communist Party of China Secretary for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region therefore the top Ulanhu ( Chinese: 乌兰夫 1906 - December 8 1988) was the founder of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China Kong Fei ( Chinese: 孔飞 November 1911– January 23 1993) was the Chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China from Uyunqimg (Oyunchimeg; born December 1942) is the highest-ranking ethnic Mongolian official and third-highest ranking female official in the People's Republic Yang Jing ( (born December 1953 is the Chairman of State Ethnic Affairs Commission. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. While the Hetao region along the Yellow River has always alternated between farmers from the south and nomads from the north, the most recent episode of Han Chinese migration began in the early 18th century with encouragement from the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and continued into the 20th century. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Han Chinese live mostly in the Hetao region as well as various population centres in central and eastern Inner Mongolia.

Mongols are the second largest ethnic group, comprising about 17% of the population. They include many diverse Mongolian-speaking groups; groups such as the Buryats and the Oirats are also officially considered to be Mongols in China. The Buryats or Buriyads, numbering approximately 436000 are the largest ethnic minority group in Siberia and are mainly concentrated in their homeland the This article deals with the Oirat ethnic group For the obsolete term for the Turkic Altays see Altay people. Many of the traditionally nomadic Mongols have settled in permanent homes as their pastoral economy was collectivized during the Maoist Era.

Other ethnic groups include the Daur, the Evenks, the Oroqin, the Hui, the Manchus, and the Koreans. This arcticle is about the Daur people and their language For the Daur region of Pakistan see Daur region ---- The Daur people ( Traditional Chinese The Evenks or Evenki (autonym Эвэнкил Evenkil; Эвенки Evenki; 鄂温克族 pny ''Èwēnkè Zú'' formerly known as Tungus Not to be confused with the Oroch and Oroks of Russia The Oroqen people ( also spelt Orochen or Orochon The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language.

Ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia, 2000 census[8]
Nationality Population Percentage
Han Chinese 18,465,586 79. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. 17%
Mongol 3,995,349 17. 13%
Manchu 499,911 2. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in 14%
Hui 209,850 0. The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. 900%
Daur 77,188 0. This arcticle is about the Daur people and their language For the Daur region of Pakistan see Daur region ---- The Daur people ( Traditional Chinese 331%
Evenks 26,201 0. The Evenks or Evenki (autonym Эвэнкил Evenkil; Эвенки Evenki; 鄂温克族 pny ''Èwēnkè Zú'' formerly known as Tungus 112%
Koreans 21,859 0. The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. 094%
Russians 5,020 0. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries 022%

Excludes members of the People's Liberation Army in active service. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China.

Culture

See also: Culture of Mongolia and Music of Mongolia
A KFC in Hohhot, the capital; All street signs must be bilingual with Mongol and Chinese
A KFC in Hohhot, the capital; All street signs must be bilingual with Mongol and Chinese

The Han Chinese of Inner Mongolia speak a variety of dialects, depending on the region. Mongolian Culture has been heavily influenced by the Mongol nomadic way of life Music is an integral part of Mongolian culture. Among the unique contributions of Mongolia to the world's musical culture are the Long songs one of Kentucky Fried Chicken, usually known as KFC, is a chain of Fast food restaurants based in Louisville Kentucky. The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The eastern parts tend to speak Northeastern Mandarin, which belong to the Mandarin group of dialects; those in the central parts, such as the Huang He valley, speak varieties of Jin, another subdivision of Chinese, due to its proximity to other Jin-speaking areas in China such as the Shanxi province. Northeastern Mandarin or Northeast China Dialect is a variety of Mandarin Chinese, known as Dongbeihua ( literally "Northeast Speech/Language" The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. Cities such as Hohhot and Baotou both have their unique brand of Jin Chinese which are sometimes incomprehensible with dialects spoken in northeastern regions such as Hailar.

Mongols in Inner Mongolia speak a variety of dialects of the Mongolian language, including Chahar, Bairin, Ordos, Ejin-Alxa, Barghu-Buryat, etc. The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of ; the standard pronunciation of Mongolian in China is based on the Chahar dialect of the Plain Blue Banner, located in central Inner Mongolia. The Eight Banners (In Manchu: jakūn gūsa, In Chinese: 八旗 baqí were administrative divisions into which all Manchu families were placed This is different from independent Mongolia, where the standard pronunciation is based on the Khalkha dialect. The Khalkha, or Halh (Classical Mongolian qalq-a, Khalkha Mongolian mn Халх) are a subgroup of the Mongols. The Daur, Evenks, and Oroqin speak their own respective languages. This arcticle is about the Daur people and their language For the Daur region of Pakistan see Daur region ---- The Daur people ( Traditional Chinese The Evenks or Evenki (autonym Эвэнкил Evenkil; Эвенки Evenki; 鄂温克族 pny ''Èwēnkè Zú'' formerly known as Tungus Not to be confused with the Oroch and Oroks of Russia The Oroqen people ( also spelt Orochen or Orochon

By law, all street signs, commercial outlets, and government documents must be bilingual, displaying both Mongolian and Chinese. There are three Mongolian TV channels in the Inner Mongolia Satellite TV network. A recent trend has also taken place with public transportation, where all announcements are also to be bilingual. Many ethnic Mongols, especially those from the newest generation, speak fluent Chinese, as Mongolian is beginning to recede in everyday use in urban areas. Ethnic Mongols in rural areas, however, have kept their traditions. In terms of written language, Inner Mongolia has retained the classic Mongol written script as opposed to Outer Mongolia's adoption of the Cyrillic alphabet. The classic vertical Mongolian script (ɣɣul bičig, cyrillic: Монгол бичиг Mongol bichig) was the first of many writing systems created The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by

The vast grasslands have always been symbolic of Inner Mongolia. Mongolian art often depicts the grassland in an uplifting fashion, emphasizing on the nomadic traditions of the Mongol people. The Mongols of Inner Mongolia practice many traditional forms of art. Inner Mongolian specialty cuisine, largely derived from the tradition of ethnic Mongols, consists of dairy-related products and hand-held lamb (手扒肉). A dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal Milk &mdashmostly from goats or cows, but also from buffalo, Sheep In recent years franchises based on Hot pot had sprung up from Inner Mongolia, the most famous of which is Xiaofeiyang (小肥羊). For the style of "hot pot" cooking that uses a clay pot see Clay pot cooking. Inner Mongolia is also known commercially for the brand names Mengniu and Yili, both of which began with the production of dairy products and ice cream. China Mengniu Dairy Company Limited () is a manufacturing and distribution company of Dairy products and Ice cream in the People's Republic of China Ice cream or ice-cream (originally iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from Dairy products such as Milk and Cream, combined

Among the Han Chinese of Inner Mongolia, Jinju or Shanxi Opera is a popular traditional form of entertainment. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Jinju is a city in South Gyeongsang Province South Korea. It was the location of the first (1592 and second (1593 Sieges of Jinju See also: Shanxi. ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China.

Siqin Gaowa, a famous actress of China, is an ethnic Mongol native to Inner Mongolia. Sechen guwa ( Chinese: 斯琴高娃 Pinyin: Sīqín Gāowá ethnic Mongol) is a Chinese actress

A popular career in Inner Mongolia is circus acrobatics. The famous Inner Mongolia Acrobatic Troupe travels and performs with the renowned Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus.

Tourism

The Five Pagoda Temple in Höhhot, a Buddhist temple.
The Five Pagoda Temple in Höhhot, a Buddhist temple.

In the capital city Hohhot:

Elsewhere in Inner Mongolia:

Chinese space program

One of China's space vehicle launch facilities, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) (simplified Chinese: 酒泉卫星发射中心), is located in the extreme west of Inner Mongolia, in the Alxa League's Ejin Banner, about 1,600 km from Beijing. Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center ( JSLC) () is a People's Republic of China Space vehicle launch facility ( Spaceport) in the Gobi desert Alxa League (ɣɣ,) is one of 12 prefecture level divisions and three extant leagues of Inner Mongolia. It was founded in 1958, making it the PRC's first launch facility. More Chinese launches have occurred at Jiuquan than anywhere else. As with all Chinese launch facilities, it is remote and generally closed to the public. It is named as such since Jiuquan is the nearest urban centre, although Jiuquan is in the nearby province of Gansu.

Miscellaneous topics

Colleges and universities

All of the above are under the authority of the autonomous region government. Chifeng University (赤峰学院 is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (内蒙古农业大学 is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government Inner Mongolia Finance and Economics College (内蒙古财经学院 is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government Inner Mongolia Medical College (内蒙古医学院 is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government Inner Mongolia Normal University (内蒙古师范大学 is a university in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China under the authority of the Autonomous Region Inner Mongolia University is a university in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, under the authority of the Inner Mongolian autonomous regional government Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities (内蒙古民族大学 is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology (内蒙古科技大学 is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government Inner Mongolia University of Technology ( is a University in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, under the authority of the Autonomous Region government Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.

Notes and references

  1. ^ The cyrillic spelling, as used in Outer Mongolia, would be Өвөр Монголын Өөртөө Засах Орон (Övör Mongolyn Öörtöö Zasakh Oron). Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East
  2. ^ “Inner Mongolian People’s Party” and the basic facts about its key members
  3. ^ MacFarquhar, Roderick and Schoenhals, Michael. Roderick Lemonde MacFarquhar (born December 2, 1930) is a Harvard University professor and China specialist British Politician Mao's Last Revolution. Harvard University Press, 2006. Harvard University Press ( HUP) is a Publishing house, a division of Harvard University, that is highly respected in Academic publishing. p. 258
  4. ^ People's Daily
  5. ^ [http://china.org.cn/english/features/40664.htm china. org. cn: Chu Bo
  6. ^ Duowei: Chu Bo uses tricks on Vice-President Zeng Qinghong
  7. ^ Duowei: Chu Bo uses tricks on Vice-President Zeng Qinghong
  8. ^ Department of Population, Social, Science and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司) and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (国家民族事务委员会经济发展司), eds. Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China (《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》). 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House (民族出版社), 2003. (ISBN 7-105-05425-5)

External links

See also

List of laojiaos in Inner Mongolia


Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. This is a list of Laojiaos within Inner Mongolia region of the People's Republic of China.
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