| Ink and wash painting | |
|---|---|
| |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese: | 水墨畫 |
| Simplified Chinese: | 水墨画 |
| Japanese name | |
| Kanji: | 1. are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana 水墨画 2. 墨絵 |
| Hiragana: | 1. is a Japanese Syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system, along with Katakana and Kanji; the Latin alphabet すいぼくが 2. すみえ |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul: | 수묵화 |
| Hanja: | 水墨畵 |
| Vietnamese name | |
| Quốc ngữ: | Tranh thuỷ mặc |
Ink and wash painting is an East Asian type of brush painting also known as wash painting or by its Japanese name sumi-e (墨絵). Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters in collating order Description The Vietnamese alphabet called Chữ Quốc Ngữ The art of brush painting using brush and ink is of Chinese origin but has developed extensively throughout the region Ink and wash painting is also known by its Chinese name shui-mo hua (水墨畫, Japanese suibokuga, Korean sumukhwa). is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system Only black ink — the same as used in East Asian calligraphy — is used, in various concentrations. The art of Calligraphy is widely practiced and revered in the East Asian Civilizations that use or used Chinese characters.
Contents |
History
Wash painting developed in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907). China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Events By Place Asia The Sui Dynasty ends and the Tang Dynasty begins in China. Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine Wang Wei is generally credited as the painter who applied color to existing ink and wash paintings[1]. Wang Wei can refer to Wang Wei (Liang Dynasty (王偉 an official under Hou Jing The art was further developed into a more polished style during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Events By Place Europe Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. It was introduced to Korea shortly after China's discovery of the ink. Then, the Korean missionaries in Japan, in helping the Japanese establish a civilized settlement introduced it to Japan in the mid-14th century. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
Tools
In wash paintings, as in calligraphy, artists usually grind their own ink using an ink stick (in Japanese: sumi) and a grinding stone (suzuri in Japanese) but prepared inks are also available. Most ink sticks are made of densely packed charcoal ash from bamboo or pine soot combined with glue extracted from MulgogiPbur, from Korean for fish bone or nikawa (Japanese for fish bones). An artist puts a few drops of water on an ink stone and grinds the ink stick in a circular motion until a smooth, black ink of the desired concentration is made. An inkstone ( or; Japanese: 硯 suzuri) is literally a stone mortar for the grinding and containment of Ink. Prepared inks are also available, but are of much lower quality. Sumi-e themselves, are sometimes ornately decorated with landscapes or flowers in bas-relief and some are highlighted with gold.
Wash painting brushes are similar to the brushes used for calligraphy and are traditionally made from bamboo with goat, ox, horse, sheep, rabbit, marten, badger, deer, boar or wolf hair. Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe Oxen (singular ox) are Cattle trained as draft animals. Often they are adult castrated males The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. Rabbits are small Mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world For the Wiltshire village see Marten Wiltshire. For the town in Bulgaria see Marten Bulgaria. Badger is the Common name for any animal of three subfamilies which belong to the family Mustelidae: the same Mammal family as the A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora The brush hairs are tapered to a fine point, a feature vital to the style of wash paintings.
Different brushes have different qualities. A small wolf-hair brush that is tapered to a fine point can deliver an even thin line of ink (much like a pen). A large wool brush (one variation called the big cloud) can hold a large volume of water and ink. When the big cloud brush rains down upon the paper, it delivers a graded swath of ink encompassing myriad shades of gray to black.
Once a stroke is painted, it cannot be changed or erased. This makes ink and wash painting a technically demanding art-form requiring great skill, concentration, and years of training.
See Calligraphy for more information on the tools used in both calligraphy and wash painting. Calligraphy (from Greek kallos "beauty" + graphẽ "writing" is the art of writing (Mediavilla 1996 17
Noted artists
China
- Bada Shanren
- Su Shi
- Daqian Jushi
- Qi Baishi
- Xu Beihong
- Mi Youren
Japan
See also
External links
- Chinese Sumi-e by Artist Sheng Kuan Chung
- Sumi-e Society of America, Inc.
- Hasegawa Tohaku’s Pine Trees at the Tokyo National Museum
- Kyu Kyo Do in Tokyo: Since 1663, the finest source for Sumi-e supplies
- Master Sumi-e Artist Drue Kataoka
- Materials, Instructions and Master Works of Sumi-E Master Jan Zaremba
- The Art of Sumi-E by Naomi Okamoto, ISBN 0-8069-0833-5
References
- ^ Wang, Yushu Wang. Bada Shanren ( ca 1626—1705, born as Zhu Da (朱耷 was a Chinese painter of Shuimohua and a Calligrapher. Su Shi ( 1037–1101 was a writer, poet, Artist, calligrapher, Pharmacologist, and Statesman of the Song Dynasty Qi Baishi ( also Ch'i Pai-shih) ( January 1, 1864 - September 16, 1957) was a Chinese painter Xu Beihong ( was primarily known for his Shuimohua (Chinese ink paintings of horses and birds and one of the first Josetsu (如拙 fl ( 1405 &ndash 1423) was one of the first Suiboku style Zen Japanese painters in the Muromachi Tensho Shubun (周文 (1414 &ndash 1463 was a Japanese painter in the Muromachi period and a Zen Buddhist monk and - for some time - abbot at the Chinese art ( Chinese: 中國藝術/中国艺术 has varied throughout its ancient history, divided into periods by the ruling Dynasties of China and changing Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world is one of the oldest and most highly refined of the Japanese arts encompassing a wide variety of genre and styles Korean painting includes paintings made in Korea or by overseas Koreans on all surfaces The "Four Gentlemen", also called the Four Noble Ones or Four Friends, in Chinese art refers to four plants the Orchid, the Bird-and-flower painting ( Traditional Chinese: 花鳥畫 Simplified Chinese: 花鸟画 huāniǎo-huà Japanese: 花鳥画 kachō-ga literally 'flower-bird Wu zhou chuan bo chu ban she. Translated by 王玉书. [2005] (2005). Selected poems and pictures of the Tang dynasty 五洲传播出版社 ISBN 7508507983
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