The term ingenuity or applied ideas is used in the analysis of Thomas Homer-Dixon, building on that of Paul Romer, to refer to what is usually called instructional capital. Thomas Homer-Dixon (born 1956 in Victoria British Columbia) holds the George Ignatieff Chair of Peace and Conflict Studies at the Trudeau Centre for Peace and Conflict Paul Michael Romer (born 1955 is an Economist and professor at Stanford University. Instructional capital is a term used in educational administration after the 1960s to reflect capital resulting from investment in producing learning materials Ingenuity is often inherent in creative individuals, and thus is considered hard to separate from individual capital. Creativity is a mental process involving the generation of new Ideas or Concepts, or new associations of the creative mind between existing ideas or concepts Individual capital, also known as human capital, comprises inalienable or personal traits of persons tied to their bodies and available only through their own It is not clear if Dixon or Romer considered it impossible to do so, or if they were simply not familiar with the prior analysis of "applied ideas", "intellectual capital", "talent", or "innovation" where instructional and individual contributions have been carefully separated, by economic theorists. Intellectual Capital was a pioneer Webzine opinion and discussion forum begun in 1996 by Pete duPont The term innovation means a new way of doing something It may refer to incremental radical and revolutionary changes in thinking products processes or organisations