Citizendia

Infocom
Type Defunct
Founded MIT (1979)
Headquarters Cambridge, Massachusetts
Key people Dave Lebling
Marc Blank
Albert Vezza
Joel Berez
Industry Entertainment/Business software
Products Zork series
Planetfall series
Leather Goddesses of Phobos series
Z-machine
Cornerstone
Computer game version of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
See products listing
Revenue N/A
Employees N/A
Website None

Zork universe

Zork games

Zork Anthology

Zork trilogy

Zork I • Zork II • Zork III

Beyond Zork • Zork Zero

Enchanter trilogy

Enchanter • Sorcerer • Spellbreaker

Other games

Wishbringer • Return to Zork
Zork: Nemesis • Zork Grand Inquisitor
Zork: The Undiscovered Underground

Companies

Infocom • Activision • FrobozzCo

Miscellaneous

Z-machine • AFGNCAAP • Books

Infocom was a software company, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that produced numerous works of interactive fiction. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. P David Lebling (born 1949 was an Interactive fiction Game designer, or Implementor, at Infocom. Marc Blank is an American Computer game designer and Game programmer. Al Vezza was a computer science professor and a founder of Infocom, one of the earliest computer game companies For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need Zork was one of the first Interactive fiction Computer games and an early descendant of Colossal Cave Adventure. Planetfall is a Science fiction Interactive fiction Computer game written by Steve Meretzky, and the eighth title published Leather Goddesses of Phobos is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Steve Meretzky and published by Infocom in 1986 The Z-machine is a Virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games Cornerstone is a Relational database for the PC released by Infocom in 1985 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is an Interactive fiction Computer game based on the seminal comic Science fiction series of the In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Zork was one of the first Interactive fiction Computer games and an early descendant of Colossal Cave Adventure. Zork I The Great Underground Empire is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Marc Blank, Dave Lebling, Bruce Daniels Zork II The Wizard of Frobozz is an Interactive fiction Computer game published by Infocom in 1981. Zork III The Dungeon Master is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Marc Blank, Dave Lebling, Bruce Daniels Beyond Zork (full title Beyond Zork The Coconut of Quendor) was an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Brian Moriarty and Zork Zero The Revenge of Megaboz is an Interactive fiction Computer game, written by Steve Meretzky and published by Infocom in Spellbreaker is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Dave Lebling and released by Infocom in 1985, the third Wishbringer The Magick Stone of Dreams is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Brian Moriarty and published by Infocom Return to Zork is a 1993 Adventure game in the Zork series for the PC and Apple Macintosh. Zork The Undiscovered Underground (or ZUU for short is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by former Infocom Implementors Activision Inc is an American Video game developer and publisher. FrobozzCo International is a fictional monopolous conglomerate from the Infocom text adventure Zork universe The Z-machine is a Virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games AFGNCAAP (pronounced Afghan-cap or Afghan-cop is a satirically politically correct Initialism for " Ageless Faceless Gender-Neutral Culturally-Ambiguous The Zork books were a series of four books written by S Eric Meretzky, which took place in the Fictional universe of Zork. The software industry comprises businesses involved in the development, maintenance and publication of Computer software. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. They also produced one notable business application, a relational database called Cornerstone. A relational database is a Database that groups data using common attributes found in the data set Cornerstone is a Relational database for the PC released by Infocom in 1985 Infocom was founded on June 22, 1979 by MIT staff and students led by Dave Lebling, Marc Blank, Albert Vezza, and Joel Berez and lasted as an independent company until 1986 when it was bought by Activision. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) P David Lebling (born 1949 was an Interactive fiction Game designer, or Implementor, at Infocom. Marc Blank is an American Computer game designer and Game programmer. Al Vezza was a computer science professor and a founder of Infocom, one of the earliest computer game companies Activision Inc is an American Video game developer and publisher. Activision finally shut down the Infocom division in 1989, although they released some titles in the 1990s under the Infocom Zork brand. Zork was one of the first Interactive fiction Computer games and an early descendant of Colossal Cave Adventure.

Contents

Overview

Infocom was well-known among game-players for the parser which allowed the user to type complex instructions to the game. In Computer science and Linguistics, parsing, or more formally syntactic analysis, is the process of analyzing a sequence of tokens to Unlike earlier works of interactive fiction, which only understood commands of the form 'verb noun' (e. g. "get apple"), Infocom's parser could understand commands like "get all apples except the green apple from the barrel. " Infocom games were written using a roughly LISP-like programming language called ZIL (Zork Implementation Language or Zork Interactive Language--it was referred to as both) that compiled into a byte code able to run on a standardized virtual machine called the Z-machine. Lisp (or LISP) is a family of Computer Programming languages with a long history and a distinctive fully parenthesized syntax Bytecode is a term which has been used to denote various forms of Instruction sets designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter as well as being suitable In Computer science, a virtual machine (VM is a Software implementation of a machine (computer that executes programs like a real machine The Z-machine is a Virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games As the games were text based and used variants of the same Z-machine interpreter, the interpreter had to be ported to new computer architectures only once per architecture, rather than once per game. In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system Thus, Infocom was able to release most of their games for most popular home computers of the day simultaneously—the Apple II family, Atari 800, IBM PC compatibles, Amstrad CPC/PCW (one disc worked on both machines), Commodore 64, Commodore 128,[1] Kaypro CP/M, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A, the Mac, Atari ST, the Commodore Amiga and the Radio Shack TRS-80. A home computer was a class of Personal computer entering the market in 1977 and becoming common during the 1980s The Atari 8-bit family is a series of 8-bit Home computers manufactured from 1979 to 1992 IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. The Amstrad CPC is a series of 8-bit Home computers produced by Amstrad Plc during the 1980s and early 1990s The Amstrad PCW series ( '''P'''ersonal '''C'''omputer '''W'''ord processor) was British company Amstrad 's versatile line of home/personal The Commodore 128 ( C128, CBM 128, C=128) home / Personal computer was the last 8-bit machine which was commercially Kaypro Corporation, commonly called Kaypro, was an American home / Personal computer manufacturer of the 1980s CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers is an Operating system originally created for Intel 8080 / 85 based Microcomputers by Gary Kildall The Texas Instruments TI-99/4A was an early Home computer, released in June 1981 originally at a price of USD $525 Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc The Atari ST is a home / Personal computer that was commercially available from 1985 to the early 1990s The Amiga is a family of Personal computers originally developed by Amiga Corporation. TRS-80 was Tandy Corporation 's desktop Microcomputer model line sold through Tandy's Radio Shack stores in the late 1970s and early The company was also known for shipping creative props, or "feelies" (and even "smellies"), with its games. Infocom used the term feelie to refer to the extra content included with the boxed versions of their Interactive fiction Computer games Feelies differed

History

The beginning

Zork I was Infocom's first product. This screenshot of Zork I is representative of the sort of interaction a player has with Infocom's interactive fiction titles. Here it is portrayed running on a modern Z-machine interpreter.
Zork I was Infocom's first product. Zork I The Great Underground Empire is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Marc Blank, Dave Lebling, Bruce Daniels This screenshot of Zork I is representative of the sort of interaction a player has with Infocom's interactive fiction titles. Here it is portrayed running on a modern Z-machine interpreter. The Z-machine is a Virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games

Inspired by Colossal Cave, Marc Blank and Dave Lebling created what was to become the first Infocom game, Zork, in 1977 at MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science. Colossal Cave Adventure (also known as ADVENT, Colossal Cave, or Adventure) (Crowther 1976 Crowther Zork was one of the first Interactive fiction Computer games and an early descendant of Colossal Cave Adventure. Project MAC (the MIT Project on Mathematics and Computation later the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science ( LCS) was a research laboratory at MIT Despite the development of a revolutionary virtual memory system that allowed games to be much larger than the average personal computer's normal capacity, the enormous mainframe-developed game had to be split into three roughly equal parts. Zork I was released originally for the TRS-80 in 1980 and eventually sold more than a million copies across several platforms. TRS-80 was Tandy Corporation 's desktop Microcomputer model line sold through Tandy's Radio Shack stores in the late 1970s and early It is notable that although Microsoft released a cheap version of Adventure with its initial version of MS-DOS 1. 0 for IBM PCs, Zork I was still a popular seller for the PC, thanks to the superior quality of its writing and packaging.

Lebling and Blank each authored several more games and additional game writers (or "Implementors") were hired, notably including Steve Meretzky. Implementer was originally the self-given name of the creators of the Infocom text adventure series Zork. Steven Eric Meretzky (born May 1, 1957) is an American computer game designer with dozens of titles to his credit Other popular and inventive titles included the rest of the Zork series, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, and A Mind Forever Voyaging. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is an Interactive fiction Computer game based on the seminal comic Science fiction series of the Douglas Noël Adams (11 March 1952 &ndash 11 May 2001 was an English author comic Radio dramatist A Mind Forever Voyaging ( AMFV) is an Interactive fiction game designed and implemented by Steve Meretzky and published by Infocom

In its first few years of operation, text adventures proved to be a huge revenue stream for the company. Whereas most computer games of the era would achieve initial success and then suffer a significant drop-off in sales, Infocom titles continued to sell for years and years. Employee Tim Anderson said of their situation, "It was phenomenal—we had a basement that just printed money. Tim Anderson is a Computer programmer who helped create the Adventure game Zork, one of the first works of Interactive fiction and "[2]

Reception

Three components proved key to Infocom's success: marketing strategy, rich storytelling and feelies. Whereas most game developers sold their games mainly in software stores, Infocom also distributed their games via bookstores. [3] Since their games were text-based, patrons of bookstores were drawn to the Infocom games as they were already interested in reading. Unlike most computer software, Infocom titles were distributed under a no-returns policy, which allowed them to make money from a single game for a longer period of time.

Next, Infocom titles featured strong storytelling and rich descriptions, eschewing the day's primitive graphic capabilities, allowing users to use their own imaginations for the lavish and exotic locations the games described. Infocom's puzzles were unique in that they were usually tightly integrated into the storyline, and rarely did gamers feel like they were being made to jump through one arbitrary hoop after another, as was the case in many of the competitors' games. The puzzles were logical but also required close attention to the clues and hints given in the story, causing most gamers to keep copious notes as they went along.

Sometimes, though, Infocom threw in puzzles just for the humor of it—if the user never ran into these, they could still finish the game just fine. But discovering these early Easter Eggs was satisfying for some fans of the games. A virtual Easter egg is an intentional Hidden message or feature in an object such as a movie, Book For example, one popular example was in the Enchanter game, which involved collecting magic spells to use in accomplishing the quest. One of these was a summoning spell, which the player needed to use to summon certain characters at different parts of the game. At one point the game mentions the "Implementers" who were responsible for creating the land of Zork. Implementer was originally the self-given name of the creators of the Infocom text adventure series Zork. If the player tried to summon the Implementers, the game would suddenly produce a vision of Dave Lebling and Marc Blank at their computers, surprised at this "bug" in the game and working feverishly to fix it. P David Lebling (born 1949 was an Interactive fiction Game designer, or Implementor, at Infocom. Marc Blank is an American Computer game designer and Game programmer.

Third, the inclusion of "feelies"—imaginative props and extras tied to the game's theme—provided some copy protection against pirating. Infocom used the term feelie to refer to the extra content included with the boxed versions of their Interactive fiction Computer games Feelies differed The Copyright infringement of Software (also known as software piracy) refers to several practices which involve the unauthorized copying of computer Some games were unsolvable without the extra content provided with the boxed game. And because of the cleverness and uniqueness of the feelies, users rarely felt like they were an intrusion or inconvenience, as was the case with most of the other copy-protection schemes of the time. Infocom used the term feelie to refer to the extra content included with the boxed versions of their Interactive fiction Computer games Feelies differed

Although Infocom started out with Zork, and although the Zork world was the centerpiece of their product line throughout the Zork and Enchanter series, the company quickly branched out into a wide variety of story lines: fantasy, science-fiction, mystery, horror, historical adventure, children's stories, and others that defied categories. In an attempt to reach out to females, Infocom also produced Plundered Hearts, which required the gamer to take the part of a heroine in a swashbuckling adventure on the high seas, and which required the heroine to use more feminine tactics to win the game, since hacking-and-slashing was not a very lady-like way to behave. Plundered Hearts is an Interactive fiction Computer game created by Amy Briggs and published by Infocom in 1987 And to compete with the Leisure Suit Larry style games that were also appearing, Infocom also came out with Leather Goddesses of Phobos in 1986, which featured "tame", "suggestive", and "lewd" playing modes, and that was notable for including among its "feelies" a "scratch-and-sniff" card with six odors that corresponded to six cues during the game. Leisure Suit Larry is the title character of a series of adult Adventure games written by Al Lowe and published by Sierra On-Line Leather Goddesses of Phobos is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Steve Meretzky and published by Infocom in 1986

Invisiclues

Many of the games' puzzles proved too difficult for some players. Since only a few computer users at the time had access to online communities such as CompuServe and the The Source, Infocom was regularly flooded with phone calls from customers pleading for hints to solving game puzzles. CompuServe, ( CompuServe Information Service, also known by its acronym CIS) was the first major commercial Online service in the United States The Source (Source Telecomputing Corporation was an early Online service, one of the first such services to be oriented toward and available to the general public Due to this, Mike Dornbrook created the Zork User's Group (ZUG) to handle a typewritten "pay-per-hint" service. He also started Infocom's customer newsletter called The New Zork Times to discuss game hints and preview and showcase new products. (After the threat of a lawsuit by the New York Times, the newsletter's name was later changed to The Status Line, a reference to an informational feature provided the player in every Infocom game. )

The pay-per-hint service eventually led to the development of InvisiClues: books with hints, maps, clues and solutions for puzzles in the games. InvisiClues were hint Booklets sold by Infocom to help players solve Puzzles in their Interactive fiction Computer games Before The answers to the puzzles were printed in invisible ink that only became visible with a special marker that was provided with each book. Usually, two or more answers were given for each question that a gamer might have. The first answer would provide a subtle hint, the second a less subtle hint, and so forth until the last one gave an explicit answer. Gamers could thus reveal only the hints that they absolutely needed to have to play the game. After playing the game, a typical player might then uncover the rest of the hints because they were frequently humorous.

For example, the original hint book for Enchanter had the following questions:

Question:

Is Enchanter really Zork IV?

Answers:

  1. Is the sky green?
  2. Does a bear build laser weapons in the woods?
  3. No.

Question:

Will there be a sequel to Enchanter?

Answers:

  1. Certainly.
  2. Zork V. (which turned out to be Sorcerer)

To prevent the mere questions (printed in normal ink) from giving away too much information about the game, a certain number of misleading fake questions were included in every InvisiClues book.

Because of the clever use of hidden clues and Infocom's trademark humor, the sale of InvisiClues proved incredibly lucrative—even players who didn't need the hints would buy the books for post-game enjoyment. The books' sales consistently filled computer book best seller lists until the list developers were forced to combine all InvisiClues sales into one number, which simply assured that it would almost always occupy the topmost position. [4]

In the Solid Gold line or re-releases InvisiClues were integrated into the game. By typing "HINT" twice the player would open up a screen of possible topics where they could then reveal one hint at a time for each puzzle, just like the books.

Interactive fiction

Infocom also released a small number of "interactive fiction paperbacks" (gamebooks), which were based on the games and featured the ability to choose a different path through the story. A gamebook is a Book that allows the reader to participate in the story by making choices that affect the course of the narrative which branches down various paths through the Every couple of pages the book would give you the chance to make a choice, such as which direction you wanted to go or how you wanted to respond to another character. You would then choose one of the given answers and turn to the appropriate page. These books, however, never did sell particularly well, and quickly disappeared from the bookshelves.

Cornerstone

In 1984 Infocom started putting resources into a new division to produce business products. In 1985 they released a database product, Cornerstone, aimed at capturing the then booming database market for small business. A relational database is a Database that groups data using common attributes found in the data set Cornerstone is a Relational database for the PC released by Infocom in 1985 Though this application was hailed upon its release for ease of use, it sold only 10,000 copies; not enough to cover the development expenses. The program failed because, although it was packaged in a slick hard plastic carrying case and was a very good database for personal and home use, it was originally priced at $495 per copy and used copy-protected disks. Another serious miscalculation was that the program did not include any kind of scripting language, so it was not promoted by any of the database consultants that small businesses typically hired to create and maintain their DB applications. Reviewers were also consistently disappointed that Infocom—noted for the natural language syntax of their games—did not include a natural language query ability, which was the most expected feature for this database. And a final disappointment was that Cornerstone was available only for IBM PCs and not any of the other platforms that Infocom supported for their games; while Cornerstone had been programmed with its own virtual machine for maximum portability, that feature had become essentially irrelevant.

Changing marketplace

Whereas Infocom's games had benefited significantly from the portability offered by running on top of a virtual machine, this strategy did not prove to be a significant advantage for Cornerstone; in fact, the virtual machine significantly slowed the database's execution speed. Most businesses were moving to the IBM PC platform by that time, so portability was no longer a significant differentiator. Infocom had sunk much of the money from games sales into Cornerstone; this, in addition to a slump in computer game sales, left the company in a very precarious financial position. By the time Infocom removed the copy-protection and reduced the price to less than $100, it was too late, and the market had moved on to other database solutions.

And finally, the game market itself was shifting into graphic games. The 1990s, though, were a turbulent time for graphics development, as the computer industry was collapsing, with long-time computer makers such as Tandy/Radio Shack, Atari, and Commodore/Amiga disappearing, and the PC and Macintosh markets were fighting for dominance. Tandy Corporation was a family-owned Leather goods company based in Fort Worth Texas, which is best known for purchasing and giving its name to the Fort Worth Atari is a corporate and brand name owned by several entities since its inception in 1972. Commodore, the commonly used name for Commodore International, was a US-American Electronics company based in West Chester Pennsylvania The Amiga is a family of Personal computers originally developed by Amiga Corporation. Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc Development of graphics technology was very aggressive during this time, which made it very expensive and risky to create cutting-edge, high-performance graphics, and many companies came and went in this period. Many people were buying new, more powerful computers expressly for games, and the days were long-gone when people would be satisfied with simple vectored line drawings, such as those that made the Wizardry games famous, or with the blocky graphics that were used in Sierra Entertainment's King's Quest games. Wizardry is a series of Computer role-playing games developed by Sir-Tech, that were popular in the 1980s Sierra Entertainment Inc is a Worldwide American Video game developer and publisher founded in 1979 by Ken and Roberta King's Quest is an Adventure game series made by the American Computer game company Sierra Entertainment Gamers in particular were most unforgiving when the graphics did not live up to their expectations. In this climate, Infocom's history of text-based adventures and story-centered gaming did not help much in making the transition to graphics.

Activision takeover

A lack of offers for the company led to a reverse triangular merger with Activision on 13 June 1986. Reverse takeover (reverse IPO) is the acquisition of a Public company by a Private company to bypass the lengthy and complex process of going public Activision Inc is an American Video game developer and publisher. This turned out to be the beginning of the end for Infocom. While relations were cordial between the two companies at first, the departure of Jim Levy from Activision left Bruce Davis in charge. Jim Levy was initially a music industry executive but he is known better for his efforts as the founding Chief Executive Officer for Activision. Bruce Davis (born 1952 is a American businessman currently CEO and chairman of Digimarc Corporation. Davis believed that his company had paid too much for Infocom and initiated a lawsuit against them to recoup some of the cost. Furthermore, he made a string of poor, heavy-handed decisions that made Infocom unprofitable. For example:

Epilogue

Rising costs and falling profits due to these changes and other botched ventures caused Activision to finally pull the plug on Infocom in 1989. For a few years, Activision continued to market Infocom's classic games in collections (usually by genre, such as the Science Fiction collection); in 1991, they published The Lost Treasures of Infocom, followed in 1992 by The Lost Treasures of Infocom II. The Lost Treasures of Infocom is a collection of 20 Computer games from Interactive fiction pioneer Infocom, released in 1991 The Lost Treasures of Infocom is a collection of 20 Computer games from Interactive fiction pioneer Infocom, released in 1991 These two compilations featured nearly every game produced by Infocom before 1988. (Leather Goddesses of Phobos was not included in either bundle, but could be ordered via a coupon included with Lost Treasures II. Leather Goddesses of Phobos is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Steve Meretzky and published by Infocom in 1986 ) In 1996, these were followed by Classic Text Adventure Masterpieces of Infocom, a single CD-ROM which contained the works of both collections combined. Classic Text Adventure Masterpieces of Infocom is a collection of 33 Computer games from Interactive fiction pioneer Infocom, and the top 6 winners This release, however, was missing The Hitchiker's Guide to the Galaxy and Shogun because the licenses from Douglas Adams and James Clavell's estate had expired. James Clavell, born Charles Edmund Dumaresq Clavell ( 10 October, 1924 – 7 September, 1994) was a British (later

Titles and authors

Interactive Fiction

Other titles

Collections

Legacy

With the exception of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and Shogun, the copyrights to the Infocom games are believed to be still held by Activision. The Lost Treasures of Infocom is a collection of 20 Computer games from Interactive fiction pioneer Infocom, released in 1991 The Lost Treasures of Infocom is a collection of 20 Computer games from Interactive fiction pioneer Infocom, released in 1991 Classic Text Adventure Masterpieces of Infocom is a collection of 33 Computer games from Interactive fiction pioneer Infocom, and the top 6 winners Dungeon, the mainframe precursor to the commercial Zork trilogy, is generally assumed to be in the public domain and is available from The Interactive Fiction Archive as original FORTRAN source code, a Z-machine story file and as various native source ports. Zork was one of the first Interactive fiction Computer games and an early descendant of Colossal Cave Adventure. Fortran (previously FORTRAN) is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative Programming language that is especially suited to The Z-machine is a Virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games Many Infocom titles can be downloaded via the Internet, but only in violation of the copyright. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks There are currently at least four Infocom sampler and demos available from the IF Archive as Z-machine story files which require a Z-machine interpreter to play. The Z-machine is a Virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games In Computer science, an interpreter normally means a Computer program that executes, i Interpreters are available for most computer platforms, the most widely used being the Frotz, Zip, and Nitfol interpreters. The Z-machine is a Virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games The Z-machine is a Virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games The Z-machine is a Virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games

Five games (Zork I, Planetfall, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Wishbringer and Leather Goddesses of Phobos) were re-released in Solid Gold format. The Solid Gold versions of those games include a built-in InvisiClues hint system.

A Mind Forever Voyaging and all subsequent games have the "Oops" feature. If you write a sentence and you accidentally misspell a word and the game does not know the misspelled version of the word, you can type oops (your word) instead of retyping the whole sentence. The feature also appears in the Solid Gold releases.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Infocom was actually one of the very few companies to release game software for the C128's native mode, contrary to most software houses' practice of only catering for the combined C64/128 market (as the C128 was compatible with the C64)
  2. ^ (Briceno 2000, p18)
  3. ^ (Briceno 2000, p23)
  4. ^ (Briceno 2000, p26-27)

References

External links

Newsgroups

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