- This article is about infixes in natural languages. For the mathematical notation, see Infix notation. Infix notation is the common arithmetic and logical formula notation in which Operators are written Infix -style between the Operands they act on (e
An infix is an affix inserted inside a stem (an existing word). An affix is a Morpheme that is attached to a stem to form a word It contrasts with adfix, a rare term for an affix attached to the outside of a stem, such as a prefix or suffix.
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Infixes in English
English has very few true infixes (as opposed to tmesis, see below), and those it does have are marginal. A few are heard in colloquial speech, and a couple more are found in technical terminology.
- The infix <iz> or <izn> is characteristic of hip-hop slang, for example hizouse for house and shiznit for shit. Hip hop is a Subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa Shit is one of the most functionally diverse words in the English language, and is also one of the most frequently used nouns Infixes also occur in some language games. A language game (also called secret language or ludling) is a system of manipulating spoken words to render them incomprehensible to the untrained ear The <ma> infix, whose distribution was documented by linguist Alan C. L. Yu, gives a word an ironic pseudo-sophistication, as in sophistimacated, saxomaphone, and edumacation. Irony is a literary or Rhetorical device, in which there is an incongruity or Discordance between what one says or does and what one means or
- Chemical nomenclature includes the infixes <pe>, signifying complete hydrogenation (from piperidine), and <et> (from ethyl), signifying the ethyl radical C2H5. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Piperidine is an Organic compound with the molecular formula (CH25NH In Chemistry, radicals (often referred to as free radicals) are atoms molecules or ions with Unpaired electrons on an otherwise Open shell Thus from the existing word picoline is derived pipecoline, and from lutidine is derived lupetidine; from phenidine and xanthoxylin are derived phenetidine and xanthoxyletin.
Infixes in other languages
While unusual in English, infixes are common in Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages. The Austro-Asiatic languages are a large Language family of Southeast Asia, and also scattered throughout India and Bangladesh. For example, in Tagalog, a grammatical form similar to the active voice is formed by adding the infix <um> near the beginning of a verb. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. In Grammar, the voice (also called gender or diathesis of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state that the verb expresses and the participants identified Tagalog has borrowed the English word graduate as a verb; to say "I graduated" a speaker uses the derived form grumaduate.
Arabic uses a common infix, <ت> <t> for Form VIII verbs, usually a reflexive of Form I. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Arabic is a Semitic language See Arabic language for more information on the language in general In Grammar, a reflexive verb is a Verb whose semantic agent and patient (typically represented syntactically by the subject and the direct object are the It is placed after the first consonant of the root; an epenthetic i- prefix is also added since words cannot begin with a consonant cluster. In Articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a Speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the upper Vocal tract, the upper vocal ROOT is an object-oriented program and library developed by CERN. In Phonology, epenthesis (/əˈpɛnθəsɪs/ Ancient Greek ἐπένθεσις - epenthesis from epi "on" + en "in" An example is اجتهد ijtahada "he worked hard", from جهد jahada "he strove". (The words "ijtihad" and "jihad" are nouns derived from these two verbs. Ijtihad (Arabic اجتهاد is a technical term of Islamic law that describes the process of making a legal decision by independent interpretation of the legal sources Jihad (جهاد ʤɪhæːd an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. )
In Seri some verbs form the plural stem with infixation of <tóo> after the first vowel of the root; compare the singular stem ic 'plant (verb)' with the plural stem itóoc. Seri (referred to as cmiique iitom by the Seri people is a Language isolate spoken by the Seri people in two villages on the coast of Sonora Examples: itíc 'did s/he plant it?' and ititóoc 'did they sow it?'.
Other processes called infixation
Tmesis is sometimes considered a type of infixation. Tmesis (from Ancient Greek grc τμῆσις tmēsis, "a cutting" temnō, "I cut" is a linguistic phenomenon or It is found in English profanity, such as fanfuckingtastic and absobloodylutely. The original meaning of the adjective profane (from the Latin for "in front of or outside the Temple " was to refer to items not belonging to the church However, it is often disqualified since the inserted element is a lexical word rather than an affix. See the article expletive infixation. Expletive infixation is a process by which an Expletive or Profanity is inserted into a word usually for intensification
Note that sequences of adfixes (prefixes or suffixes) do not result in infixes: An infix must be internal to a word stem. An affix is a Morpheme that is attached to a stem to form a word In Grammar, a suffix (also postfix, ending) is an Affix which is placed at the end of a word In Linguistics, a stem (sometimes also theme) is the part of a word that is common to all its inflected variants Thus the word originally, formed by adding the suffix -ly to original, does not turn the suffix -al into an infix. There is simply a sequence of two suffixes, origin-al-ly. In order for -al- to be considered an infix, it would have to be inserted in the non-existent word *originly. The "infixes" in the tradition of Bantu linguistics are often sequences of prefixes of this type, though there may be debate over specific cases. The Bantu languages (technically Narrow Bantu languages) constitute a grouping belonging to the Niger-Congo family
The Semitic languages have a form of ablaut (changing the vowels within words, as in English sing, sang, sung, song) which is sometimes called infixation, as the vowels are placed within the consonants of the root. The Semitic languages are a Language family whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, However, this interdigitation of a discontinuous root with a discontinuous affix is more often called transfixation. In linguistic morphology, a transfix is a discontinuous Affix, which occurs at more than one position in a word
See also interfix. Interfix is a term in Linguistics and more specifically morphology (the study of Morphemes the most basic meaningful entities in word formation
Glossing infixes
When glossing, it is conventional to set off infixes with <angle brackets>, rather than the hyphens used to set off prefixes and suffixes: sh<izn>it, saxo<ma>phone, pi<pe>coline. This article is about the literary term For other uses see Gloss (disambiguation.
See also
An affix is a Morpheme that is attached to a stem to form a word Interfix is a term in Linguistics and more specifically morphology (the study of Morphemes the most basic meaningful entities in word formation In linguistic morphology, a transfix is a discontinuous Affix, which occurs at more than one position in a word Tmesis (from Ancient Greek grc τμῆσις tmēsis, "a cutting" temnō, "I cut" is a linguistic phenomenon or Expletive infixation is a process by which an Expletive or Profanity is inserted into a word usually for intensification In Linguistics, a clitic is a grammatically independent and phonologically dependent Word. In Computer science, tree-traversal refers to the process of visiting each node in a Tree data structure, exactly once in a systematic wayDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic