- "Inert gases" is also used in a narrower sense for noble gases. History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity
An inert gas is any gas that is not reactive under normal circumstances. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter
Unlike the noble gases an inert gas is not necessarily elemental and are often molecular gases. History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity In Chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two Atoms in a definite arrangement held together by Like the noble gases the tendency for non-reactivity is due to the valence, the outermost electron shell, being complete in all the inert gases. An electron shell may be crudely thought of as an Orbit followed by Electrons around an Atom nucleus. This is a tendency, not a rule, as noble gases and other "inert" gases can react to form compounds.
Although the term "rare gases" is sometimes used as a synonym for the elemental inert gases, i. e. noble gases—they are only rare relative to other gases found in Earth's atmosphere (i. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five e. air) with the exception of argon which makes up a significant portion of air, around 0. Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five This article pertains to the chemical element For other uses see Argon (disambiguation. Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five 934%; hardly rare at all. Because of their unreactivity, and perhaps their relative scarcity, the inert gases were not discovered until helium was discovered to exist in the Sun, where it is abundant, before it was discovered to exist in Earth's atmosphere. Helium ( He) is a colorless odorless tasteless non-toxic Inert Monatomic Chemical The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. This is possible through the analysis of spectral lines. A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from an excess or deficiency of photons in a narrow frequency range compared
Helium and neon are the only true elemental inert gases, because they do not form any (known) true chemical compounds, unlike the heavier noble gases (argon, krypton, xenon and radon). Helium ( He) is a colorless odorless tasteless non-toxic Inert Monatomic Chemical Neon (ˈniːɒn is the Chemical element that has the symbol Ne and Atomic number 10 A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity This article pertains to the chemical element For other uses see Argon (disambiguation. Krypton (ˈkrɪptən or /ˈkrɪptɒn/ from kryptos "hidden" is a Chemical element with the symbol Kr and Atomic number 36 Xenon (ˈzɛnɒn or) is a Chemical element represented by the symbol Xe. Radon (ˈreɪdɒn is the Chemical element that has the symbol Rn and Atomic number 86
In marine applications, inert gas refers to gases with a low content of oxygen that are used to fill void spaces in and around tanks for explosion protection. There are two types of inert gas which are either based on nitrogen or on flue gas.
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Production
The elemental inert gases are usually obtained by evaporating them off from condensed air at their respective vapor pressures. Evaporation is the process by which Molecules in a Liquid state (e Vapor pressure (also known as equilibrium vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure) is the Pressure of a Vapor in equilibrium
Nitrogen based inert gas is produced on board of chemical tankers and product carrieres (smaller vessels) with compressors and a Nitrogen specific membrane.
Inert gas is produced on board crude oil carriers (above 20000 tonnes) by using either a Flue Gas system or by burning kerosene in a dedicated Inert Gas Generator. The flue gas system uses the boiler exhaust as it's source, so it's important that the fuel/air ratio in the boiler burners is properly regulated to ensure that high quality IG is produced. Too much air would result in an oxygen content exceeding 5%, too much fuel oil would result in carryover of dangerous hydrocarbon gas. The flue gas is cleaned and cooled by the scrubber tower. Various safety devices prevent overpressure, return of hydrocarbon gas to the engine room or supply of IG with too high oxygen content. Gas tankers and product carriers cannot rely on flue gas systems (because they require IG with O2 content of 1% or less) and so use IGGs instead. The Inert Gas Generator consists of a combustion chamber and scrubber unit supplied by fans and a refrigeration unit which cools the gas. A drier in series with the system removes moisture from the gas before it is supplied to the deck. Regular calibration and testing to equipment is required to ensure that it works correctly.
Applications
Because of the non-reactive properties of inert gases they are often useful to prevent undesirable chemical reactions from taking place. A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called For example molecular nitrogen, a molecular inert gas, is often used in food packaging to ensure that food does not spoil in transit since no bacteria or fungi can flourish without the reactive gases oxygen or carbon dioxide, which the molecular nitrogen displaces, since most extant cells on Earth require the reactions which these gases are involved in to function. Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have A fungus (ˈfʌŋgəs is a eukaryotic Organism that is a member of the kingdom Fungi (ˈfʌndʒaɪ Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Most importantly since molecular nitrogen is inert it will not cause any reactions to take place in the food, possibly changing the intrinsic taste or smell, nor will it cause any chemical reactions in the human body. A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called The human body is the entire physical and mental structure of a Human Organism. Thus the inert gas is used as a passive preservative, preventing biological decay, while being undetectable to the consumer since taste and olfactory senses require a chemical reaction to take place in order to send a signal to the brain. This is in contrast to active preservatives which react with the biological material of bacteria, fungi, and possibly the food itself changing the food's intrinsic taste or smell, or may even act directly on the consumer's taste and olfactory mechanisms.
As chemists sometimes need to perform experiments on air-sensitive compounds, air-free techniques have been developed to handle them under inert gas. Air sensitive is a term used particularly in Chemistry, to denote Compounds that react with Air; typically with atmospheric Oxygen (O2 Air-free techniques refer to a range of manipulations in the chemistry Laboratory for the handling of compounds that are Air-sensitive.
Welding
In gas metal arc welding inert gases are used to shield the heated metal from the reactive gases in air which can cause undesirable reactions in the metal. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW, sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG welding or metal active gas (MAG welding, is a semi-automatic or automatic Some gases which are not usually considered inert but which behave like inert gases in all the circumstances likely to be encountered in some use can often be used as a substitute for an inert gas. This is useful when an appropriate pseudo-inert gas can be found which is inexpensive and common. For example carbon dioxide is sometimes used in gas mixtures for gas metal arc welding because it is not reactive in the circumstances encountered in arc welding even though it is often reactive in other circumstances. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Gas metal arc welding (GMAW, sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG welding or metal active gas (MAG welding, is a semi-automatic or automatic Arc welding uses a Welding power supply to create an Electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point Carbon dioxide is usually used as a 25% mix with argon because pure carbon dioxide is too reactive. This article pertains to the chemical element For other uses see Argon (disambiguation.
Inert gas blanketing
On oil tankers inert gas (IG) is used to prevent the atmosphere in cargo tanks or bunkers from coming into the explosive range. History The technology of oil transportation has evolved alongside the oil industry A tank is a tracked, Armoured fighting vehicle designed for Front-line combat which combines Operational mobility and tactical A military bunker is a hardened shelter often buried partly or fully underground designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks IG keeps the oxygen content of the tank atmosphere below 8% (on crude carriers, less for product carriers and gas tankers), thus making any air/hydrocarbon gas mixture in the tank too lean to ignite. Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the IG is most important during discharging and during the ballast voyage when more hydrocarbon vapour is likely to be present in the tank atmosphere. In Organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an Organic compound consisting entirely of Hydrogen and Carbon. IG can also be used to purge the tank of the volatile atmosphere in preparation for gas freeing - replacing the atmosphere with breathable air - or visa versa. Cargo tanks on gas carriers are not inerted, but the hold space around them is. This arrangement allows the tanks to be kept cool using a small heel of cargo while the vessel is in ballast while retaining the explosion protection provided by the inert gas.
See also
An inerting system is a device that attempts to increase the safety of a fuel tank, Ball mill, or other sealed or closed-in tank that contains highly flammable materialDictionary
inert gas
-noun
- (chemistry) A gas which does not undergo chemical reactions.
- (chemistry, specifically) A noble gas.
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