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Industrial sociology (also known as "sociology of industrial relations" or sociology of work) is both a study of the interaction of people within industry (e. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Sociology is a relatively new academic discipline among other Social sciences including Economics, Political science, Anthropology, and Public sociology is an approach to the discipline which seeks to transcend the academy and engage wider audiences Social research refers to Research conducted by Social scientists (primarily within Sociology and Social psychology) but also within other disciplines Social theory is an essential tool used by scholars in the analysis of society through the use of theoretical frameworks social structures and phenomena are analyzed and placed in context Sociological Theory is a peer-reviewed journal published by Blackwell Publishing for the American Sociological Association since 1983 Sociological practice is intervention using sociological knowledge whether it is in a clinical or applied setting This is a list of Sociology subfields Subfields Applied sociology/clinical sociology (also see Sociological practice) Comparative sociology generally refers to sociological analysis that involves comparison of Social processes between Nation-states, or across different types Schools of thought In the mid-18th century criminology arose as social philosophers gave thought to crime and concepts of law Demography is the statistical study of all Populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population that is one that changes over Social movements are a type of group action. They are large informal groupings of Individuals and/or Organizations focused on specific Sociological social psychology, also known as psychological sociology, is a specialty area of Sociology that relates macrosocial phenomena (e Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of Society, including cultural norms expectations and context on the way Language is used Sociology of Culture, or cultural sociology, is one of the most popular fields of Sociology, particularly in the United States Deviance describes actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms including formally-enacted rules (e Economic sociology is the Sociological analysis of economic phenomena The sociology of education is the study of how public Institutions and individual experiences affects education and its outcome Sociology of gender is a prominent subfield of Sociology. Since 1950 an increasing part of the academic literature and of the public discourse uses gender The Sociology of Knowledge is the study of the relationship between human thought and the social context within which it arises and of the effects prevailing ideas have on societies Sociology of law refers to both a sub-discipline of Sociology and an approach within the field of Legal studies. Political sociology is the study of power and the intersection of personality social structure and Politics. The sociology of religion is primarily the study of the practices Social structures historical backgrounds development, universal themes and Sociology of science is the subfield of Sociology that deals with the practice of Science. In Sociology, social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of Social classes Castes and strata within a Society. Industrial sociology (also known as " Sociology of Industrial relations " or sociology of work) is both a study of the interaction of people within Foundations The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of This is a list of topics covered in Sociology.This is a shorter list List of basic sociology topics. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" The field of industrial relations (also called labor relations) looks at the relationship between Management and workers particularly groups of workers represented For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" g. boss-subordinate, inter-departmental, and management-union relations) and, on a macrosociological scale, the study of the impact of industrialization on whole societies. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Macrosociology is a Sociological approach that analyzes Societies, Social systems or Populations on a large scale or at a high level of abstraction is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions
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Labor Process Theory
One branch of industrial sociology is Labor Process Theory (LPT). In 1974, Harry Braverman wrote Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century, which provided a critical analysis of scientific management. Harry Braverman (1920 – 1976 was an American Communist and political writer This book analyzed capitalist productive relations from a Marxist perspective. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. After Marx, Braverman argued that work within capitalist organisations was exploitative and alienating, and therefore workers had to be coerced into servitude. For Braverman the pursuit of capitalist interests throughout time ultimately leads to deskilling and routinisation of the worker, and it is the taylorist (see Frederick Taylor, Scientific Managementwork) design that is the ultimate embodiment of this tendency.
Braverman demonstrated several mechanisms of control in both the factory blue collar and clerical white collar labor force. White-collar worker refers to a salaried professional or an educated Worker who performs semi-professional office administrative and sales coordination tasks as opposed to
Braverman's key contribution was in his "deskilling" thesis. Deskilling is the process by which skilled labor within an industry or economy is eliminated by the introduction of technologies operated by semiskilled or unskilled workers Braverman argued that capitalist owners and managers were incessantly driven to deskill the labor force to lower production costs and ensure higher productivity. Deskilled labour is cheap and above all easy to control due to the workers lack of direct engagement in the production process. In turn work becomes intellectually or emotionally unfulfilling; the lack of capitalist reliance on human skill reduces the need of employers to reward workers in anything but a minimal economic way.
Braverman's contribution to the sociology of work and industry (i. e. , industrial sociology) has been important and his theories of the labor process continue to inform teaching and research. Braverman's thesis has however been contested, notably by Andrew Freidman in his work "Industry and Labour" (1977). In it, Freidman suggests that whilst the direct control of labour is beneficial for the capitalist under certain circumstances, a degree of 'responsible autonomy' can be granted to unionised or 'core' workers, in order to harness their skill under controlled conditions. Also, Richard Edwards showed in 1979 that although hierarchy in organisations has remained constant, additional forms of control (such as technical control via email monitoring, call monitoring; bureaucratic control via procedures for leave, sickness etc) has been added to gain the interests of the capitalist class versus the workers.
Human resource management theory
Questions are how employer exploit and develop the human resources. There might be static models putting pressure on people or trials to search for the right job for the right person.
OB Is the observation and study of the behaviour of the people working in the organization. . . it is also the science of observing and studying the behavioural aspects of the employee to improve the productivity of an organization
Postmodernism
See also
- Economic sociology
- Industrial and organizational psychology
- Important publications in industrial Sociology
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