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Industrial rock
Stylistic origins
Cultural origins
Typical instruments
Mainstream popularity Large in North America in the 1990s; is now hitting the peak of its popularity in Europe. Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. Post-punk was a popular musical movement in the mid to late 1970s following on the heels of the initial Punk rock explosion of the early 1970s No Wave was a short-lived but influential Art music, Film, Performance art, Video and Contemporary art scene that had its beginnings Oi! is a Working class street-level subgenre of Punk rock that originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder For the early "drum machine" computers that used a rotating cylinder as their main memory see Drum memory A drum machine is an The drum is a member of the percussion group technically classified as a Membranophone. A music sequencer (also MIDI sequencer or just sequencer) is software or hardware designed to create and manage computer-generated music A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a Musical keyboard. A sampler is an electronic musical instrument closely related to a Synthesizer. The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the
Derivative forms Industrial Metal
Regional scenes
Germany
Other topics
Notable artists

Industrial rock is a musical genre that fuses industrial music and specific rock subgenres such as punk, oi!, hardcore and later on hard rock. Industrial metal is a Musical genre that draws from Industrial music and heavy metal. The Neue Deutsche Härte ("new German hardness" /nɔʏ̯ə dɔʏ̯tʃə hɛrtə/ also known as Tanzmetall (dance metal a term popularized by A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Oi! is a Working class street-level subgenre of Punk rock that originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock Industrial rock spawned industrial metal and is frequently confused with the latter. Industrial metal is a Musical genre that draws from Industrial music and heavy metal.

Contents

Musical style

Industrial Rock artists generally employ the basic rock instrumentation of Found Objects, electric guitars, drums and bass and pair it with white noise blasts, electronic music gear (synthesizers, sequencers, samplers and drum machines). An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the White noise is a random signal (or process with a flat Power spectral density. Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production This is the page for mechanical Gears For other uses see Gear (disambiguation For the gear-like device used to drive a roller chain see Sprocket A music sequencer (also MIDI sequencer or just sequencer) is software or hardware designed to create and manage computer-generated music A sampler is an electronic musical instrument closely related to a Synthesizer. For the early "drum machine" computers that used a rotating cylinder as their main memory see Drum memory A drum machine is an Guitars are commonly heavily distorted or otherwise effected. A distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic of an object image sound waveform or other form of information or representation Effects units are devices that affect the sound of an electric instrument or other audio source (such as recorded material when plugged in to the electrical signal path the instrument Bass guitars and drums may be played live, or be replaced by electronic musical instruments or computers in general.

One characteristic that distinguishes industrial rock from its non-industrial counterpart is the incorporation of sounds commonly associated with machinery and industry. Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. The incorporation of this sound palette was pioneered by the early 1980s "Metal Music" artists (SPK, Einstürzende Neubauten, Die Krupps, Test Dept, Z'ev and others), who practiced an Industrial Music variation that relied heavily on Metal percussion, generally made with pipes, tubes and other products of industrial waste. SPK, formed in 1978 in Sydney, Australia, was a 1980s and early 1990s Industrial music and Noise music group Einstürzende Neubauten (ˈaɪnˌʃtʏɐʦəndə ˈnɔʏˌbaʊtən is an Avant-garde music band originally from West Berlin, formed in 1980 Die Krupps ˈkʀʊps}} is a German Industrial rock / EBM band formed in 1980 by Jürgen Engler and Bernward Malaka Test Dept were an Industrial music band formed in New Cross, London, by unemployed musicians (including Alastair Adams Paul Jamrozy Angus Farquhar Graham Z'EV (born Stefan Joel Weisser, at 758 am on February 8, 1951 in Los Angeles California) is an American text The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across The psychological effect was symbolic of urban decay.

Both the music and the lyrics of industrial rock are commonly presented in a manner that some listeners might find unsettling. Many bands produce and release their own records, honoring the DIY credo. The DIY ethic ( Do it yourself ethic refers to the ethic of being self-reliant by completing tasks oneself as opposed to having others who are likely more experienced complete A combination of the elements above can be seen in a handful of post-punk purveyors: Chrome, Killing Joke, Laibach, The Swans and Big Black. Post-punk was a popular musical movement in the mid to late 1970s following on the heels of the initial Punk rock explosion of the early 1970s Chrome was a Rock music group founded in San Francisco California in 1976 Killing Joke are an English Post-punk rock band formed in 1979 Laibach is a Slovenian avant-garde Music group strongly associated with industrial, martial, and neo-classical musical Swans was an influential American Post-punk band active from 1982 to 1997 led by singer songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Michael Gira. Big Black was a Noise rock band founded in Chicago Illinois, United States that was active between 1982 and 1987.

In his introduction for the Industrial Culture Handbook (1983), Jon Savage considered some hallmarks of the Industrial Music genre: organizational autonomy, shock tactics and the use of synthesizers and "anti-music". RE/Search No 6/7 Industrial Culture Handbook from RE/Search Publications, 1983 is a book about Industrial music and Performance art edited Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Jon Savage (born 1953 real name Jonathon Sage is a Cambridge-educated Writer, broadcaster and Music journalist, best known for his award winning history [1] Furthermore, a "special interest" in the investigation of "cults, wars, psychological techniques of persuasion, unusual murders (especially by children and psychopaths), forensic pathology, venereology, concentration camp behavior, the history of uniforms and insignia" and "Aleister Crowley's magick" was present on Throbbing Gristle's work[2], as well as in other Industrial pioneers. This article does not discuss "cult" in the original sense of "veneration" or "religious practice" for that usage see Cult (religious practice War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units Psychopathy ( is a psychological construct that describes chronic immoral and Antisocial behavior Forensic pathology is a branch of Pathology concerned with determining the Cause of death by examination of a cadaver For the album by Merzbow see Venereology (album. Venereology is a branch of Medicine dealing with the study and treatment of Sexually transmitted Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial A uniform is a set of standard Clothing worn by members of an organization while participating in that organization's activity Insignia (the plural of Latin insigne: emblem symbol is a Symbol or Token of personal power, Status or Office Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley (ˈkroʊli (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947 was a British Occultist Writer, mountaineer Magick, in the broadest sense is any act designed to cause intentional change Throbbing Gristle are a British Avant-garde music and Visual arts group that evolved from the Performance art group COUM Transmissions

Origins

Industrial Music was created in the mid to late 1970s, amidst the punk rock revolution and Disco fever, and was epitomised by bands such as Throbbing Gristle, Cabaret Voltaire, and SPK. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Throbbing Gristle are a British Avant-garde music and Visual arts group that evolved from the Performance art group COUM Transmissions Cabaret Voltaire were a British music group from Sheffield, England. SPK, formed in 1978 in Sydney, Australia, was a 1980s and early 1990s Industrial music and Noise music group [3] Within a few years, many other musical performers were incorporating industrial-musical elements into a variety of musical styles. Casual listeners often use "industrial" to refer to the more accessible industrial rock style that came later, such as Nine Inch Nails, Rammstein or Marilyn Manson. Rammstein (ˈʀamʃtaɪ̯n is a German Industrial metal band founded in Berlin, and consisting of Till Lindemann ( lead vocals Brian Hugh Warner (born January 5, 1969) better known by his Stage name Marilyn Manson, is an American Musician and

Some post-punk performers developed styles parallel to Industrial Music's composing techniques. Post-punk was a popular musical movement in the mid to late 1970s following on the heels of the initial Punk rock explosion of the early 1970s Pere Ubu's debut (The Modern Dance), for example, was tagged "Industrial". Pere Ubu are an Experimental rock music group formed in Cleveland Ohio, in 1975 The Modern Dance is the debut album by Pere Ubu. Track listing All songs written by Pere Ubu except where noted [4] So was San Francisco's Chrome, who mixed Jimi Hendrix, The Sex Pistols and tape music experiments;[5] or Killing Joke, considered by Simon Reynolds as "a post-punk version of Heavy Metal". The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Chrome was a Rock music group founded in San Francisco California in 1976 James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter The Sex Pistols are an English Punk rock band that formed in London in 1975 Tape Music is an experimental 10" vinyl release by Jack Dangers. Killing Joke are an English Post-punk rock band formed in 1979 Simon Reynolds (born 1963 in London, England; raised in Hertfordshire) is an English Music critic who is well-known for his writings on [6]

Others followed in their wake. [7] The NYC band Swans were inspired by the local No Wave scene as well as Punk rock (Buzzcocks, The Sex Pistols), Noise (Whitehouse) and the original purveyors of Industrial Music - Cabaret Voltaire, Throbbing Gristle and SPK. The City of New York Swans was an influential American Post-punk band active from 1982 to 1997 led by singer songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Michael Gira. No Wave was a short-lived but influential Art music, Film, Performance art, Video and Contemporary art scene that had its beginnings Buzzcocks are an English Punk rock band formed in Manchester in 1975 The Sex Pistols are an English Punk rock band that formed in London in 1975 Whitehouse are an English power electronics band formed in 1980 [8] Steve Albini's Big Black followed a similar path, adding american hardcore (Minor Threat, Black Flag) and Oi! (Skrewdriver) to the mix. Steven Frank Albini (born July 22, 1962) is an American Audio engineer, singer songwriter Guitarist, and music journalist Big Black was a Noise rock band founded in Chicago Illinois, United States that was active between 1982 and 1987. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Minor Threat was an American Hardcore punk band that formed in Washington D Black Flag was a Hardcore punk band formed in 1977 in southern California, largely as the brainchild of Greg Ginn: the guitarist Oi! is a Working class street-level subgenre of Punk rock that originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s Skrewdriver was a Punk rock band formed in Poulton-le-Fylde a village near Blackpool in 1976 by Ian Stuart Donaldson [9] There was also Swiss trio The Young Gods, who deliberately esquewed electric guitars in favor of a sampler. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation For the Marvel Comics group see Young Gods (comics. Young Gods is also the name of an album by the rock band Little Angels. [10] The Young Gods early ouvre was inspired both by Washington, DC hardcore punkers Bad Brains[11] and Jim Thirlwell's Foetus project. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Bad Brains are an American Hardcore punk band formed in Washington D James George Thirlwell (born January 29, 1960) aka Clint Ruin, aka Frank Want, aka Foetus, is an Foetus is the primary musical outlet of Industrial music pioneer J

Mainstream Breakthrough

Industrial rock's first commercial success might be attributed to Killing Joke's fifth album, Night Time. Night Time is the fifth studio album by Killing Joke, released in 1985 It won a silver sales certificate (60,000+ units sold) by the BPI[12] largely on the strength of club favorite "Love Like Blood". The British Phonographic Industry (BPI is the British record industry's trade association. [13]

Industrial Rock's true commercial breakthrough, though, came through industrial metal's early leading lights: Ministry and Nine Inch Nails. Ministry was an American Industrial metal band founded by Frontman Al Jourgensen in 1981 Nine Inch Nails's 1992 EP Broken hit the platinum mark in America and so did Ministry's Psalm 69. An extended play ( EP) is a Vinyl record, CD, or Music download which contains more music than a single, but is too short to qualify Broken (also known as Halo 5) is the second major studio release from American Industrial rock act Nine Psalm 69 The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggs is the fifth studio album by Industrial metal band Ministry, released in 1992 through Sire [14] Both groups participated in the Grammy's 1992 Best Metal Performance category (Nine Inch Nails won[15]). The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences The Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance has been awarded since 1989. Nine Inch Nails went on the win another Grammy[16] and four more nominations. [17] Trent Reznor was also chosen by Time as one of the most influential Americans in 1997. Trent Reznor (born Michael Trent Reznor on May 17 1965 is an American Musician, singer producer, and Multi-instrumentalist. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar [18]

Industrial Rock reached its commercial zenith in the latter half of the 1990s. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 According to the RIAA databases, its top-selling artists, together, shifted around 17,5 million units. [14][19] Other style-related groups gained recognition from the mainstream, being nominated for the Grammys: Marilyn Manson and White Zombie. Mainstream is generally the common current of Thought of the Majority.

Sales were still going strong throughout 2000-2005; at least 10 million records were sold during that timeframe. [14] Other style-related groups were nominated for the Grammys as well, such as Spineshank[20] and Rammstein. Spineshank is an American Grammy -nominated Nu metal band History Formed in February 1996 Spineshank was assembled and formed in the Rammstein (ˈʀamʃtaɪ̯n is a German Industrial metal band founded in Berlin, and consisting of Till Lindemann ( lead vocals [21]

Mixed-Reactions from Inside the Scene

While Industrial Rock was riding high on the charts of the late 1990s and early 2000s, its sudden popularity was met with mixed reactions from the music's early practitioners - from mild estrangement to outright hostility. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Some examples:

Wavering Popularity

Decline in America

While Industrial Rock was riding high on the American charts of the late 1990s and early 2000s, specific quarters of the music press were mounting a backlash against the genre. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999

This attitude is best represented by music critic Jim DeRogatis. James "Jim" DeRogatis (born 1964 in Jersey City New Jersey) is an American Music critic. In an April 2000 review for the Chicago Sun Times, DeRogatis dismissed Nine Inch Nail's new music as a "generic brand of industrial thrash" and accused Ministry of repeating an act that "was old by 1992". The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily Newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois. [28] Although The Fragile reached the top spot of the Billboard 200[29] and went on to earn a double platinum status[14], DeRogatis considered it a "flop", nonetheless. The Fragile (also known as Halo 14) is a concept Double album by American Industrial rock act The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard [28]

A myriad of other reasons could support Jim DeRogatis's line of thinking:

Recent controversial assessments of Industrial Rock include a recent interview with Skinny Puppy conducted by Matt Child. A scathing excerpt condemns the genre as simply plagiarizing earlier influences:

"Industrial music -- or whatever it is we're calling that convergence of electronic elements, big guitars and punk's troublemaking spirit these days -- has got a bad rap. Admittedly, a lot of it's deserved: Most of today's rivet-heads are content to simply plagiarize Ministry and KMFDM riffs, pack a few heavy beats behind the noise and round out the package with a few samples and a few electronic bleeps pulled from the latest software plug-in. A rivethead is a person associated with the Industrial music scene In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording It's probably pretty engaging and energizing if you're the type who walks around in a long, black trench-coat visualizing public-space massacres. The Columbine High School massacre occurred on Tuesday April 20 1999 at Columbine High School in Columbine in unincorporated Jefferson County, For everyone else, sadly, it's just another sad, tired offshoot of metal that has its moments now and then. "[35]

Boom in Europe

Parallel to the "i-rock" decline in North America, Europe belched forth its own brand of electro-metal. Germany's Neue Deutsche Härte, in particular, has had success in Continental Europe. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Neue Deutsche Härte ("new German hardness" /nɔʏ̯ə dɔʏ̯tʃə hɛrtə/ also known as Tanzmetall (dance metal a term popularized by Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the Continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European Its leading light, Rammstein, has sold nearly 4 million records in Germany alone, while racking up gold (and platinum) records in Sweden, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Poland and the Czech Republic. Rammstein (ˈʀamʃtaɪ̯n is a German Industrial metal band founded in Berlin, and consisting of Till Lindemann ( lead vocals "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]

Other like-minded German musicians have climbed the charts as well. NDH pioneers Oomph! have achieved a gold record for their Augen Auf! single on Austria and Germany. OOMPH! is a German Neue Deutsche Härte group Albums and style OOMPH! incorporates many styles of music such as metal industrial alternative "Augen Auf!" ( German for Eyes open! or Ready or not!) is the first single from German Industrial metal [47][48] Eisbrecher's debut entered at #13 on the Deutschen Alternative Top 20 Chart, while the group's second album (Antikörper) reached the #85 position on the German main chart. Eisbrecher is a German rock / Electronic music band that consists primarily of Alexx Wesselsky (Vocals and Noel Pix (Lead Guitar/Programming Eisbrecher is the self-titled debut album of the German band Eisbrecher, released on January 26 2004, on ZYX Music Antikörper ( German for Antibody) is the second album of the German band Eisbrecher, released on October [49][50]

Scandinavian acts such as Deathstars, Gothminister and The Kovenant have been met with a degree of underground success. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Deathstars is an Industrial metal band formed in Sweden in January 2000 Gothminister are a metal band from Norway. Formed in 1999 they have released two Albums and have had success in Germany, playing many German The Kovenant is a Norwegian band from Bergen which has evolved from Melodic black metal to an Industrial metal sound on more recent albums The sophomore Deathstars album, Termination Bliss, landed on #87 in the German Media Control Chart. Termination Bliss is the second album by the Swedish Industrial metal band Deathstars released in 2006 [51] They toured with gothic metal stahlwarts Paradise Lost and Lacuna Coil; in September 2007, they were the opening act of KoЯn's European tour. Paradise Lost are a Heavy metal band formed in 1988 in Halifax, England. Lacuna Coil is an Italian Gothic metal band formed in 1994. Formerly known as Sleep of Right and Ethereal Korn, occasionally typeset as KoЯn or KoRn, is an American Nu metal band from Bakersfield California, and is often credited with popularizing [52] Gothminister's debut single "Angel" entered at #10 on the Deutschen Alternative Top 20 Chart. [53] Another single, "Monsters", reached a peak position at #11. The Kovenant won two Spellemann awards, the Norwegian equivalent to the Grammys. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional [54][55]

Artists

Labels

Sales & Awards

Main article: Industrial Rock: Sales & Awards

The template above re-directs to a page dedicated exclusively to the awards (Grammys, MTV Video Music Awards) and certifications (IFPI, RIAA, CRIA) given to Industrial Rock groups. A list of notable bands that pertain to the Industrial rock genre Cleopatra Records is a Los Angeles -based Independent record label. Invisible Records is a Chicago based Record label founded by Martin Atkins to support and distribute the works of artists who preferred to work with a smaller Metropolis Records is a Philadelphia Pennsylvania based Record label, distributor, and mail-order store specializing in the Electro-industrial Nothing Records was an American Record label, specializing in Industrial rock and Electronic music, founded by Trent Reznor (of Wax Trax! Records was a Record label in the United States. Wax Trax! began as a record shop in Denver Colorado opened by Jim Nash and Dannie Flesher This is a page containing all available sales & awards from Industrial rock / Metal artists The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences The MTV Video Music Awards were established in the end of the summer of 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top Music videos of the year The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ( IFPI) is the organization that represents the interests of the Recording industry worldwide The Canadian Recording Industry Association is a Non-profit trade organization that was founded in 1964 to represent the interests of Canadian companies Industrial rock is a Musical genre that fuses Industrial music and Punk rock.

External links

Notes

  1. ^ Vale & Juno (1983), page 05.
  2. ^ Ibid, page 09.
  3. ^ Vale & Juno 1983.
  4. ^ Irvin (2001), page 442.
  5. ^ Reynolds (2005), pages 257 & 258.
  6. ^ Ibid. , page 435.
  7. ^ Chantler 2002, page 54.
  8. ^ Licht (2003), page 32.
  9. ^ Sharp (1999), page 48.
  10. ^ Mörat 1992, page 12.
  11. ^ Stud & Stud 1987, page 27.
  12. ^ CERTIFIED AWARDS. THE BPI. Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River
  13. ^ KILLING JOKE - Unique, Detailed Biography. Rockdetector - The World's Biggest Rock Resource on the Web. Retrieved on 2008-06-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
  14. ^ a b c d GOLD AND PLATINUM - Searchable Database. RIAA. Retrieved on 2007-12-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian
  15. ^ 35th Annual Grammy Awards - 1993. ROCK ON THE NET. Retrieved on 2007-12-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian
  16. ^ 38th Annual Grammy Awards - 1996. ROCK ON THE NET. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  17. ^ 40th Annual Grammy Awards - 1998. ROCK ON THE NET. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  18. ^ TIME'S 25 MOST INFLUENTIAL AMERICANS. TIME (1997-04-21). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  19. ^ Groups such as Filter, Marilyn Manson, Ministry, Nine Inch Nails, Orgy, Rammstein, Stabbing Westward, Static-X and White Zombie, plus Rob Zombie's solo career. Filter (commonly typeset as FIL TER, to fit their logo is a rock group formed in 1993 in Cleveland Ohio by Richard Patrick Marilyn Manson is an American Alternative metal band based in Los Angeles California. Orgy is a electronic/synth/rock band from Los Angeles, California. Rammstein (ˈʀamʃtaɪ̯n is a German Industrial metal band founded in Berlin, and consisting of Till Lindemann ( lead vocals Stabbing Westward was an American Industrial rock and Alternative rock band Static-X is an Industrial metal band Formed in 1994 they are signed to Warner Bros Robert Bartleh Cummings (born January 12, 1965) better known by his Stage name, Rob Zombie, is an American Musician
  20. ^ METALLICA, EVANESCENCE Among Winners At 46th Annual GRAMMY AWARDS. BLABBERMOUTH.NET (2004-02-08). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2008-06-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
  21. ^ SLIPKNOT Win GRAMMY Award For 'Best Metal Performance'. BLABBERMOUTH.NET (2006-02-08). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2008-06-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
  22. ^ Keenan, David (1998-07-21). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Time Out Of Joint. THE WIRE - ADVENTURES IN MODERN MUSIC. Retrieved on 2007-09-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz
  23. ^ Fergunson (1993), page 55.
  24. ^ Bali, Gunnar (May 1995). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 ???. New Life. Retrieved on 2007-09-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Archived at Litany: Music News Covering Skinny Puppy, Download, ohGr and Related Projects.
  25. ^ Radish, Diakon (1997). Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar cEvin Key: Music for Cats and Video Games. New Empire. Archived at Litany: Music News Covering Skinny Puppy, Download, ohGr and Related Projects.
  26. ^ Bright (1996), page 39.
  27. ^ Gill & Rotondi (1996), page 78.
  28. ^ a b DeRogatis, Jim (April 2000). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Nine Inch Nails stuck in the '90s. Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Archived at The NIN Hotline.
  29. ^ Top Music Charts - Hot 100 - Billboard 200 - Music Genre Sales. Billboard Music Charts. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
  30. ^ Pettigrew 1996, page 46.
  31. ^ Martin 2004, page 25.
  32. ^ Di Perna 1995, page 35.
  33. ^ Hochman 1997, page 21.
  34. ^ Considered only are the artists have earned either gold or platinum certifications from the RIAA. This short list includes Björk, Fatboy Slim, Moby, Portishead, The Chemical Brothers, The Crystal Method and The Prodigy. Björk Guðmundsdóttir (born 21 November 1965 is an Icelandic Singer-songwriter, Composer, actress and music producer. Fatboy Slim, also known as Norman Cook, (born Quentin Leo Cook on 31 July 1963 is a British DJ and Big beat musician Richard Melville Hall, also known as Moby (born September 11, 1965 in Harlem, New York) is an American DJ Portishead (pɔːtɪsˈhɛd IS an English musical group from Bristol. The Chemical Brothers are an English Grammy Award winning Electronic music duo of Tom Rowlands and Ed Simons (occasionally referred to as Chemical The Crystal Method is an American Electronic music duo consisting of Ken Jordan and Scott Kirkland The Prodigy are an Electronic music group formed by Liam Howlett in 1990 in Braintree Essex, England.
  35. ^ Child, Matt (2007-02-26). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Dog Days: Skinny Puppy. Aversion.com - Rock, Punk, Indie news. Retrieved on 2007-09-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz
  36. ^ Gold/Platin Datenbank durchsuchen. www.ifpi.de - Die deutschen Phonoverbände. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  37. ^ GULD & PLATINA - År 2004. IFPI. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  38. ^ Gold und Platin Datenbank. IFPI Austria, Verband der Österreichischen Musik Wirstchaft. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  39. ^ Belgium Database. Charts français. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  40. ^ Goud/Platina Muziek. nvpi. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  41. ^ Search for: Rammstein. The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  42. ^ Guld og platin. IFPI Danmark - IFPI.dk. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  43. ^ SØK I TROFÉER. IFPI Norsk platebransje. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  44. ^ Platinium certification awards. Związek Producentów Audio-Video. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  45. ^ Gold certification awards. Związek Producentów Audio-Video. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  46. ^ TIMELINE: October 28, 2005. RAMMSTEIN :: News. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  47. ^ Gold und Platin Datenbank. IFPI Austria, Verband der Österreichischen Musik Wirstchaft. Retrieved on 2008-05-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses
  48. ^ Gold/Platin Datenbank durchsuchen. www.ifpi.de - Die deutschen Phonoverbände. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  49. ^ Former MEGAHERZ Duo Launch EISBRECHER. BLABBERMOUTH.NET (2004-05-24). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River
  50. ^ EISBRECHER: 'Antikörper' Enters German Chart At No. 85. BLABBERMOUTH.NET (2006-11-02). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River
  51. ^ DEATHSTARS: 'Virtue To Vice' Video Posted Online. BLABBERMOUTH.NET (June 13, 2007 2007-06-13). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Retrieved on 2007-10-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)
  52. ^ News Library: Live. Nuclear Blast Europe (September 2007). Retrieved on 2007-10-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated
  53. ^ BIO(short version). Gothminister. Retrieved on 2007-10-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated
  54. ^ IFPI Norsk platebransje. Spellemannprisen. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
  55. ^ Spellemannsprisen - the Norwegian equivalent to the Grammy Awards. MIC - Musikkinformasjonssenteret. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people

References

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