Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of experimental music, especially but not necessarily electronic music. Musique concrète ( French; literally "concrete music" is a style of Avant-garde music that relies on recorded sounds including natural Fluxus —a name taken from a Latin word meaning "to flow"—is an international network of artists composers and designers noted for blending different artistic media This article is about Performance art For other uses see Performance (disambiguation Krautrock is a generic name for the Experimental music scene that appeared in Germany in the late 1960s and gained popularity throughout the 1970s especially in Britain Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For the early "drum machine" computers that used a rotating cylinder as their main memory see Drum memory A drum machine is an Tape loops are loops of prerecorded Magnetic tape used to create repetitive rhythmic musical patterns or dense layers of sound The drum is a member of the percussion group technically classified as a Membranophone. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles A found object, in an artistic sense indicates the use of an object which has not been designed for an artistic purpose but which exists for another purpose already An electronic musical instrument is a Musical instrument that produces its sounds using Electronics. A music sequencer (also MIDI sequencer or just sequencer) is software or hardware designed to create and manage computer-generated music A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a Musical keyboard. A sampler is an electronic musical instrument closely related to a Synthesizer. Electronic body music ( EBM, also known as aggropop) is a Music genre that combines elements of Industrial music and Electronic The term Industrial music was first used in the mid-1970s to describe the then-unique sound of the Industrial Records label artists a wide variety of labels and artists have Industrial metal is a Musical genre that draws from Industrial music and heavy metal. Industrial rock is a Musical genre that fuses Industrial music and Punk rock. Industrial hip-hop is a fusion of the dissonance and dystopian subject matter of Industrial music with the rhythms of hip-hop Ambient industrial is a post-industrial music genre that makes use of industrial principles such as use of anti-music, extra-musical elements and shock Luigi Russolo ( April 30, 1885 - February 4, 1947) was an Italian Futurist painter and Composer, and the author of Intelligent dance music (commonly IDM) is a genre name invented in the early 1990s by the creators of an American online mailing list Martial industrial, also known as martial music, is a Music genre originating in late 20th century Europe. Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. Synthpop is a subgenre of New Wave and Pop music in which the Synthesizer is the dominant musical instrument Futurepop is an Electronic dance music genre incorporating influences from Synthpop (such as song structure and Vocal style Uplifting Glitch is a term used to describe a genre of experimental Electronic music that emerged in the mid to late 1990s The following is a list of notable noise musicians and bands 1nferi0r A The term Industrial music was first used in the mid-1970s to describe the then-unique sound of the Industrial Records label artists a wide variety of labels and artists have Experimental music is a term introduced by composer John Cage in 1955 Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production The term was first used in the mid-1970s to describe the then-unique sound of Industrial Records artists. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Industrial Records was a Record label established in 1976 by art/music group Throbbing Gristle. Since then, an extremely wide variety of labels and artists have since come to be called "Industrial. "

The first industrial artists experimented with varying degrees of noise, production techniques and what, at the time, were considered controversial topics. Their production was not only limited to musical output. It also included mail art, performance art, installation pieces and other art forms. ^[1]

Originally, the term solely referred to music created by Industrial Records and related artists. As time progressed, the term began to refer to artists either directly influenced by the original movement, artists using an "industrial" aesthetic such as imagery devised around mechanical objects and industry itself and, more distantly, artists who were only minimally, often not at all, influenced or inspired by Industrial Records and related artists. The broadening of the term's musical definition has led to an overwhelming number of sub-genres and lines of influence.

Terminology

Industrial was a term meant by its creators to evoke the idea of music created for a new generation of people, previous music being more "agricultural". A fatalist-but-realistic, slightly misanthropic and often intensely dehumanized or mechanical atmosphere was present in the music and the utilization of gritty, hands-on technologies and techniques, rather than any concrete compositional detail, was a common practice. Another common matter of industrial music is the use of found objects, such as trash cans and bottles. A found object, in an artistic sense indicates the use of an object which has not been designed for an artistic purpose but which exists for another purpose already

On this topic, Peter Christopherson of Industrial Records once remarked, "The original idea of Industrial Records was to reject what the growing industry was telling you at the time what music was supposed to be. Peter Martin Christopherson, aka Sleazy (born February 27, 1955) is a musician video director and designer and former member of the influential British The music industry is the business of Music. Although it encompasses the activity of many music-related businesses and organizations it is currently dominated by the "big "

History

Early influences

Luigi Russolo's 1913 work The Art of Noises is often cited as the first example of the industrial philosophy in modern music. Luigi Russolo ( April 30, 1885 - February 4, 1947) was an Italian Futurist painter and Composer, and the author of The Art of Noises (L'arte dei Rumori is a Futurist manifesto written by Luigi Russolo in a 1913 letter to friend and Futurist composer Francesco After Russolo's Musica Futurista came Pierre Schaeffer and musique concrète, and this gave rise to early industrial music, which was made by manipulating cut sections of recording tape, and adding very early sound output from analog electronics devices. Musica Futurista The Art of Noises is a collection of Music and Spoken word from the Italian Futurist movement of 1909-1935 Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer ( August 14, 1910 &ndash August 19, 1995) was a French Musique concrète ( French; literally "concrete music" is a style of Avant-garde music that relies on recorded sounds including natural

Aside form the proto-fascist/ bolshevik futurist movement, also important in the development of the genre was the Dada art movement, and later the Fluxus and Surrealist art movements, as well as the 'found object' aesthetic of the Arts and Crafts movement. Futurists, or futurologists, are those who speculate about the future For other meanings see Dada (disambiguation DaDa is a Concept album by Alice Cooper, released Fluxus —a name taken from a Latin word meaning "to flow"—is an international network of artists composers and designers noted for blending different artistic media Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Arts & Crafts may refer to Arts & Crafts (record label, an independent record label based in Toronto Ontario Canada More recenlty, industrial acts have come into conflict with avant-garde art movements such as the arguments between Death in June and the Neoist Alliance. Death in June is the Musical brainchild of English Folk musician Douglas Pearce, better known as Douglas P Stewart Home (born 1962 is a British artist film maker writer subcultural pamphleteer underground art historian and activist

Edgard Varèse was also a major pioneer in electronic music. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varèse, whose name was also spelled Edgar Varèse His composition Poème électronique, for example, debuted at the 1958 Brussels World's Fair in the Philips Pavilion. Expo 58, also known as the Brussels World’s Fair, Brusselse Wereldtentoonstelling or Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Bruxelles, was held from The Philips Pavilion was a World's Fair pavilion designed for Expo '58 in Brussels by the office of Le Corbusier.

Ralf Hütter initially described the music of Kraftwerk as "Industrielle Volksmusik (Industrial Folk Music)" in the group's earliest interviews. Ralf Hütter (born 20 August 1946 in Krefeld, Germany) is the lead Singer, Keyboardist, and reportedly "band Kraftwerk (ˈkʁaftvɛɐk German for " power plant " or " Power station " is an influential Electronic music band from

Industrial Records

20 Jazz Funk Greats by Throbbing Gristle featured contrasting imagery. 20 Jazz Funk Greats is the third full-length album by Industrial music pioneers Throbbing Gristle. Throbbing Gristle are a British Avant-garde music and Visual arts group that evolved from the Performance art group COUM Transmissions The back cover features what appears to be the same image in black and white. A closer look reveals a nude male corpse now lying in the grass in front of the band.

Industrial Music for Industrial People was originally coined by Monte Cazazza^[2] as the strapline for the record label Industrial Records (founded by British art-provocateurs Throbbing Gristle, the musical offshoot of performance art group COUM Transmissions). Monte Cazazza is an American Artist and Composer best known for his seminal role in helping shape the early landscape of Industrial music through Industrial Records was a Record label established in 1976 by art/music group Throbbing Gristle. Throbbing Gristle are a British Avant-garde music and Visual arts group that evolved from the Performance art group COUM Transmissions COUM Transmissions was a Performance art group interested in pushing boundaries influenced by Dada and the Merry Pranksters

The first wave of this music appeared in 1977 with Throbbing Gristle, Cabaret Voltaire, and NON. Throbbing Gristle are a British Avant-garde music and Visual arts group that evolved from the Performance art group COUM Transmissions Cabaret Voltaire were a British music group from Sheffield, England. Boyd Blake Rice (born July or December 1956 is an American experimental sound artist under the monicker of NON since the mid-1970s Archivist, Actor These releases often featured tape editing, stark percussion and loops distorted to the point where they had degraded to harsh noise. Vocals were sporadic, and were as likely to be bubblegum pop as they were to be abrasive polemics. Bubblegum pop (also known as bubblegum rock, bubblegum music, or simply bubblegum) is a genre of Pop music whose classic period ran from 1967

Early industrial performances often involved taboo-breaking, provocative elements, such as mutilation, sado-masochistic elements and totalitarian imagery or symbolism, as well as forms of audience abuse. A performance, in Performing arts, generally comprises an event in which one group of people (the performer or performers behave in a particular way for another group of people A taboo is a strong Social prohibition (or ban) against words objects actions or discussions that are considered undesirable or offensive by a group culture Mutilation or maiming is an act or physical injury that degrades the appearance or function of the (human body usually without causing death Sadism refers to Sexual or non-sexual gratification in the infliction of Pain or humiliation upon or by another person Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a concept used to describe Political systems where a State regulates nearly every aspect of public and private

Swedish rock act The Leather Nun, were signed to Industrial Records in 1978, being the first non-TG/Cazazza act to have an IR-release. The Leather Nun were a Swedish rock group Careening from Garage rock to goth and industrial, Leather Nun became cult heroes in their Their only IR-release, Slow Death EP (IR 007, nov '79), rapidly climbed the alternative charts in the UK and was on power play on the influential John Peel BBC1 radioshow for two weeks in December '79.

Re/Search #6/7: Industrial Culture Handbook collected numerous interviews from various artists involved in circle surrounding Industrial Records. RE/Search No 6/7 Industrial Culture Handbook from RE/Search Publications, 1983 is a book about Industrial music and Performance art edited

Bands like Test Dept, Clock DVA, Factrix, Autopsia, Nocturnal Emissions, Esplendor Geometrico, Whitehouse, Severed Heads and SPK soon followed. Test Dept were an Industrial music band formed in New Cross, London, by unemployed musicians (including Alastair Adams Paul Jamrozy Angus Farquhar Graham Clock DVA is an Industrial music / Post-Punk group from Sheffield, England. Factrix was a pioneering industrial group from the US city of San Francisco, formed in 1978 by members Bond Bergland Cole Palme and Joseph T Autopsia is an art project dealing with music and visual production Nocturnal Emissions is a Sound art project that has released numerous records and CDs in music styles ranging from Electro-acoustic, Musique concrete Esplendor Geométrico is a Spanish industrial band The band was formed in the early 1980s by Arturo Lanz Gabriel Riaza, and Juan Carlos Sastre who had Whitehouse are an English power electronics band formed in 1980 For the 1961 novel by Iris Murdoch, see A Severed Head. Severed Heads was an Australian SPK, formed in 1978 in Sydney, Australia, was a 1980s and early 1990s Industrial music and Noise music group Blending electronic synthesisers, guitars and early samplers, these bands created an aggressive and abrasive music fusing elements of rock with experimental electronic music. Artists often used shock-tactics including explicit lyrical content, graphic art and Fascistic imagery; at the forefront of this were Croc Shop and Laibach. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Industrial Records experienced a fair amount of controversy after it was revealed that it had been using an image of an Auschwitz crematorium as its logo for a number of years. "Auschwitz" redirects here For the town see Oświęcim Auschwitz-Birkenau () was the largest of Nazi Germany Cremation is the act of reducing a Corpse by burning, generally in a crematorium furnace or crematory fire

Across the Atlantic, similar experiments were taking place. In San Francisco, shock/performance artist Monte Cazazza (often collaborating with Factrix and Survival Research Labs/SRL) began working with harsh atonal noise. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Monte Cazazza is an American Artist and Composer best known for his seminal role in helping shape the early landscape of Industrial music through Factrix was a pioneering industrial group from the US city of San Francisco, formed in 1978 by members Bond Bergland Cole Palme and Joseph T Survival Research Laboratories (SRL is a machine Performance art group doing large scale machine performance,. Boyd Rice (aka NON) released several more albums of noise music, with guitar drones and tape loops creating a cacophony of repetitive sounds. Boyd Blake Rice (born July or December 1956 is an American experimental sound artist under the monicker of NON since the mid-1970s Archivist, Actor Boyd Blake Rice (born July or December 1956 is an American experimental sound artist under the monicker of NON since the mid-1970s Archivist, Actor In New Zealand, experimental / art rock groups sprouted from the underground such as The Skeptics, Hieronymus Bosch (NZ), Fetus Productions, Ministry of Compulsory Joy and The Kiwi Animal. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Skeptics was a New Zealand Postpunk band from 1979 to 1990 Hieronymus Bosch is New Zealand 's longest running dark Industrial act formed around 1985-86

In the rest of Europe, particularly in Italy, work by Maurizio Bianchi/M. Maurizio Bianchi ( December 4 1955 in Pomponesco in the Province of Mantua) is an Italian pioneer of Noise music, originating from B. /Sacher-Pelz at the end of 1979/beginning of 1980, with some electronic/radiographic extreme works edited in a very limited edition ("Cainus", "Venus", "Cease To Exist", "Velours", "Mectpyo Blut" cassette-tapes, and "Symphony For A Genocide", "Menses", "Neuro Habitat" LPs).

In France, early artists influenced by Industrial Records included Vivenza, Art&Technique, Pacific 231, Étant Donnés, Le Syndicat and Die Form. Rotorelief is a Record label for artists with record pressings fine art and graphic arts editions in any format Rotorelief is a Record label for artists with record pressings fine art and graphic arts editions in any format Rotorelief is a Record label for artists with record pressings fine art and graphic arts editions in any format Rotorelief is a Record label for artists with record pressings fine art and graphic arts editions in any format

In Germany, Einstürzende Neubauten were performing daring acts, mixing metal percussion, guitars and unconventional "instruments" (such as jackhammers and bones) in elaborate stage performances that often damaged the venues they were playing in. Einstürzende Neubauten (ˈaɪnˌʃtʏɐʦəndə ˈnɔʏˌbaʊtən is an Avant-garde music band originally from West Berlin, formed in 1980 A pneumatic drill or jackhammer is a portable percussive Drill powered by Compressed air.

In Belgium, Frank Gorissen started the industrial percussion band Militia in 1989, following somewhat the style of Test Department. Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. Militia is a Belgian industrial percussion band and was founded in 1989 by the multi-instrumentalist Frank Gorissen and wind instrument player Jo Billen Test Dept were an Industrial music band formed in New Cross, London, by unemployed musicians (including Alastair Adams Paul Jamrozy Angus Farquhar Graham The five Militia musicians play self-made percussion installations made from parts from cars, machines, metal tubes, metal plates, empty oil barrels, gas tubes, metal scrap material supported by a layer of samples, sequences and tape loops, in combination with conventional drums and wind instruments such as trumpets and didgeridoo. The didgeridoo (also known as a didjeridu or didge) is a wind instrument of the Indigenous Australians of northern Australia.

Post-industrial developments

Main articles: Post-industrial (music) and List of post-industrial music genres and related fusion genres

Throughout the early to mid 1980s, the post-industrial movement began to emerge around the world. The term Industrial music was first used in the mid-1970s to describe the then-unique sound of the Industrial Records label artists a wide variety of labels and artists have Coil, arguably the largest contributor to the evolution of Industrial music's original ideas, was formed by Jhonn Balance and Peter Christopherson after departing from Psychic TV in 1982 (debuting with How to Destroy Angels in 1984). John Balance (first name also spelled Jhon and Jhonn; born Geff Rushton/Geoffrey Laurence Burton February 16, 1962 – November 13 Peter Martin Christopherson, aka Sleazy (born February 27, 1955) is a musician video director and designer and former member of the influential British Psychic TV (sometimes spelled Psychick TV) or PTV, is a video art and music group that primarily performs psychedelic punk electronic and experimental music How to Destroy Angels is a Studio album by Coil. At this point the group consisted only of John Balance and Peter Christopherson Highly eclectic, through their career they touched on everything from acid house to drone music, the occult always a major influence in the group's themes and approach. Acid house is a sub-genre of House music that emphasizes a repetitive hypnotic and trance -like style with samples or spoken lines usually used rather than sung lyrics Drone music, also known as drone-based music, drone ambient or ambient drone, dronescape or dronology, and sometimes simply Other acts like Skinny Puppy from Vancouver, Canada (debuting with Back and Forth in 1984), Front 242, the pioneers of EBM from Belgium (debuting with Geography in 1982), and Foetus from Australia (debuting with Deaf in 1981) are some of the most notable second-wave artists who helped popularize and redefine the genre amongst the underground music culture (and laying the foundations for most future sub-divisions of the genre). Skinny Puppy is an industrial band formed in Vancouver, BC, Canada in 1982. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Front 242 is a pioneering Belgian Electronic music group that came into prominence during the 1980s Electronic body music ( EBM, also known as aggropop) is a Music genre that combines elements of Industrial music and Electronic Foetus is the primary musical outlet of Industrial music pioneer J

In the early 1980s the Chicago-based record label Wax Trax! successfully helped to expand the industrial music genre into the more accessible "elektro-industrial" genre. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Wax Trax! Records was a Record label in the United States. Wax Trax! began as a record shop in Denver Colorado opened by Jim Nash and Dannie Flesher At the forefront were bands such as Chicago's Ministry, My Life With The Thrill Kill Kult and Die Warzau as well as the German import, KMFDM. Ministry was an American Industrial metal band founded by Frontman Al Jourgensen in 1981 My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult (TKK is an American electronic industrial band originally based out of Chicago, Illinois. Die Warzau, (originally referred to as Die Warzau Synfony is an Industrial music band formed in 1987 by performance artists Jim Marcus and Van Christie KMFDM are a German Industrial rock band and the brainchild of founding member Sascha Konietzko. Wax Trax was one of the first labels to carry this new strain of punk-influenced Industrial music. Punk ideologies are a group of varied social and political beliefs associated with the Punk subculture. It was one of the most widely respected labels of the genre.

By the late 80s, the scene had grown considerably as the music became a staple of the club scene - artists were emerging from all over the world and record sales of key artists were increasing rapidly. One of the biggest contributors to the new brand of industrial music was Nine Inch Nails' comparatively commercially-structured Pretty Hate Machine, released in 1989. Pretty Hate Machine (also known as Halo 2) is the debut Album by American Industrial rock act Nine NIN performances began breaking the style into mainstream rock and punk culture at that point. Ultimately the band's accomplishments, alongside the likes of Ministry, led to the further development of not only the style as a whole, but of a number of rock and to an even greater degree, metal fusion sub-genres to later emerge.

The genre enjoyed relatively popular mainstream attention throughout the mid 1990's. Thanks to the charting success of albums such as Ministry's Psalm 69: The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggs and Nine Inch Nails' Broken, eventually leading to the multi-million selling releases of Nine Inch Nails' The Downward Spiral. Psalm 69 The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggs is the fifth studio album by Industrial metal band Ministry, released in 1992 through Sire Broken (also known as Halo 5) is the second major studio release from American Industrial rock act Nine The Downward Spiral (also known as Halo 8) is the third major release by American Industrial rock act Nine Inch Soon thousands of new distantly industrial influenced musicians came onto the scene. In 1991 IndustrialnatioN Magazine began as an effort to document industrial music and culture. IndustrialnatioN is an independent international Underground music Magazine based in Oakland, California.

Politics and links with Fascism

There has been much written of the links between industrial music and fascism^[3] but perhaps the only straight comment from an industrial band itself is Consolidated's track "Industrial Music is Fascism" from the Play More Music album. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Play More Music is the third full-length Album by industrial / hip hop artists Consolidated which was released in 1992 Bands usually invoke humour and irony or style and image when questioned on their use of fascist imagery - admited to nearly all industrial bands, from major players like Throbbing Gristle and Laibach. Throbbing Gristle are a British Avant-garde music and Visual arts group that evolved from the Performance art group COUM Transmissions

References

See also

• Cyberpunk
• Industrial (disambiguation)
• Cassette culture
• List of alternative electronic and industrial music artists
• Martial music
• Neofolk
• Post-punk
• Rivethead

External links

• Rivethead Network: Industrial, EBM, Electronic Myspace Group Directory
• The rec.music.industrial USENET group FAQ file
• The Unacceptable Face of Freedom: Totalitarian imagery & industrial music
• IndustrialnatioN Magazine
• Industrial music magazine
• Essay on the Industrial Dance subgenre.
• Musicology thesis on Industrial music.
• Fabryka Industrial Rock webzine