Industry in the sense of professional manufacturing has existed for millennia, since the first cities rose. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" This article is about people called professionals For the Movie, see The Professional or Leon. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status
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Cottage industry
A cottage industry (also called the Domestic system) is an industry – primarily manufacturing – which includes many producers, working from their homes, typically part time. The putting-out system was a means of subcontracting work It was also known as the workshop system. The term originally referred to homeworkers who were engaged in a task such as sewing or lace-making. Some industries which are usually operated from large centralized factories were cottage industries before the Industrial Revolution. The business operators would travel around, buying raw materials, delivering it to people who would work on them, and then collecting the finished goods to sell, or typically to ship to another market. One of the factors which allowed the industrial revolution to take place in Western Europe was the presence of these business people who had the ability to expand the scale of their operations. Cottage industries were very common in the time when a large proportion of the population was engaged in agriculture, because the farmers (and their families) often had both the time and the desire to earn additional income during the part of the year (Winter) when there was little farming work to do.
Guilds
A development of pre-industrialized societies, guilds were associations of artisans within the same trade. A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers Guilds provided mutual support for the member's interests, and maintained standards of workmanship and ethical conduct. In Europe during the middle ages, guilds provided a powerful influence on the political systems within towns and cities. New guild members were required to atudy under a master of the craft as an apprentice, then spent a period of time as a journeyman before becoming a master craftsman. Apprenticeship is a system of Training a new generation of practitioners of a skill A journeyman is a trader or crafter who has completed an Apprenticeship. A master craftsman (sometimes called only master or grandmaster, Meister was a member of a Guild.
Medieval guilds held a monopoly of trade within the town in which they operated. During the eighteenth century, however, guilds came under increasing criticism for hindering free trade and technological development and transfer. Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions However the guild system still continues to operate in some parts of the economy to this day.
Industrial revolution
Second industrial revolution
Labor force and unions
Post-industrialism
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