Industrial district - Citizendia

Industrial district was initially introduced as a term to describe an area where workers of a monolithic heavy industry (ship-building, coal mining, steel, ceramics, etc) live within walking-distance of their places of work. Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry. See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word κεραμικός ( keramikos)

In England, such areas were usually characterized by block streets of Victorian terraced housing, often with the giant industrial structures looming over the houses. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses Very few working industrial districts are now left. In England they survive only in places like Stoke-on-Trent and a few mining towns where the pits have escaped the closures of the 1980s. Stoke-on-Trent ( often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city in Staffordshire, England which forms a linear Conurbation almost 12 miles (19 Many such districts were notable for having a strong children's street culture. Children's street culture refers to the cumulative Culture created by young Children.

History of the term

The term appears to have been first used by Alfred Marshall in his The Principles of Economics (1890, 1922). Alfred Marshall (born 26 July 1842 in Bermondsey, London, England, died 13 July 1924 in Cambridge Marshall talks of a. . . . "thickly peopled industrial district".

The term was also used in political struggle. The 1917 handbook of the IWW states:-

"In order that every given industrial district shall have complete industrial solidarity among the workers in all industries as well as among the workers of each industry, an INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT COUNCIL is formed . The Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union currently headquartered in Cincinnati Ohio, USA . . "

The term also appears in English literature. For instance, in a short story of 1920 by D. H. Lawrence, You Touched Me (aka 'Hadrian'):-

"Matilda and Emmie were already old maids. David Herbert Richards Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930 was an English writer of the 20th century whose prolific and diverse output included Novels short In a thorough industrial district, it is not easy for the girls who have expectations above the common to find husbands. The ugly industrial town was full of men, young men who were ready to marry. But they were all colliers or pottery-hands, mere workmen. "

Recent evolution of the use of the term

Within the study of Economics, the term has evolved and now implies the ways in which economic specialisation arises through clustering in a particular industry-zoned urban area. Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Since the 1980s, the term has become connotated with an important element of dynamic industrial development in Northern Italy, where after the Second World War clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) experienced strong growth. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Small and medium enterprises (also SMEs, small and medium businesses, SMBs, and variations thereof are companies whose headcount or Industrial districts in Northern Italy have a coherent location and a narrow specialisation profile, e. g. Prato in woolen fabric, Sassuolo in ceramic tiles or Brenta in ladies' footwear. Prato is a city in Tuscany, Italy, the capital of the Province of Prato. Woollen ( American English: woolen) is the name of a Yarn and Cloth usually made from Wool. Sassuolo is an industrial town south of Modena and north west of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Footwear consists of Garments worn on the feet, for protection against the environment and Adornment.

The success of SME-based Italian districts was one of the factors that motivated economic development organisations across the world to adopt cluster promotion as an approach to stimulate growth and job creation.

More recently, Italian industrial districts have been linked to Italy's poor growth performance. Firms in industrial districts battle to internationalise production, and they have only limited resources to invest in research and development.