The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight ecozones that cover the planet's land surface. An ecozone or biogeographic realm is the largest scale biogeographic division of the earth's surface based on the historic and evolutionary distribution patterns It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.
Previously known as the Oriental Region by biogeographers, Indomalaya extends from Afghanistan and Pakistan through the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the ecozone boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Biogeography is the study of the distribution of Biodiversity over Space and Time. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Bali is an Indonesian Island located at, the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. The Wallace Line (or Wallace's Line) is a boundary that separates the zoogeographical regions of Asia and Australia. Alfred Russel Wallace OM, FRS (8 January 1823 &ndash 7 November 1913 was an British naturalist, Explorer, Geographer The Australasian zone is an ecological region that is coincident but not synonymous (by some definitions with the geographic Region of Australasia Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Ryukyu Islands, in Japanese called the (literally Southwest Islands are a chain of Japanese islands in the western Pacific Ocean at the eastern limit
Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, mostly tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF also known as tropical moist forests, are a Tropical and Subtropical Forest The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest Biome, also known as tropical dry forest, is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes The tropical moist forests of Indomalaya are dominated by trees of the dipterocarp family (Dipterocarpaceae). Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 17 genera and approximately 500 species of mainly Tropical lowland Rainforest Trees The family name from
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Major ecological regions
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) divides Indomalaya into three bioregions, which it defines as "geographic clusters of ecoregions that may span several habitat types, but have strong biogeographic affinities, particularly at taxonomic levels higher than the species level (genus, family). "
Indian Subcontinent
The Indian Subcontinent bioregion covers most of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The Hindu Kush, Karakoram, Himalaya, and Patkai ranges bound the bioregion on the northwest, north, and northeast; these ranges were formed by the collision of the northward-drifting Indian subcontinent with Asia beginning 45 million years ago. The Hindu Kush is a Mountain range located between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Karakoram is a mountain range spanning the borders between Pakistan, China, and India, located in the regions of Gilgit, Ladakh, and The Patkai or the Purvachal are the hills on India 's eastern border with Myanmar (Burma The Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Himalaya are a major biogeographic boundary between the subtropical and tropical flora and fauna of the Indian subcontinent and the temperate-climate Palearctic ecozone. The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight Ecozones dividing the Earth surface
Indochina
The Indochina bioregion includes most of mainland Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia, as well as the subtropical forests of southern China. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
Sunda shelf and the Philippines
Malesia is a botanical province which straddles the boundary between Indomalaya and Australasia. Sundaland is a biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia that comprises the Malay Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago islands of Sumatra The Philippine Archipelago is one of the world's great reservoirs of Biodiversity and endemism. Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the boundary of the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones Malesia was first identified as a Floristic It includes the Malay Peninsula and the western Indonesian islands (known as Sundaland), the Philippines, the eastern Indonesian islands, and New Guinea. The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula (Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (คาบสมุทรมลายู is a major Peninsula located in Southeast Sundaland is a biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia that comprises the Malay Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago islands of Sumatra While the Malesia has much in common botanically, the portions east and west of the Wallace Line differ greatly in land animal species; Sundaland shares its fauna with mainland Asia, while the islands east of the Wallace line either lack land mammals, or are home to a land fauna derived from Australia, which includes marsupial mammals and ratite birds. The Wallace Line (or Wallace's Line) is a boundary that separates the zoogeographical regions of Asia and Australia. Marsupials are an Infraclass of Mammals characterized by a distinctive pouch (called the marsupium) in which females carry their young through A ratite is any of a diverse group of large Flightless birds of Gondwanan origin most of them now extinct
History
The flora of Indomalaya blends elements from the ancient supercontinents of Laurasia and Gondwana. Laurasia (lɔˈreɪʃiə lɔˈreɪʒə was a Supercontinent that most recently existed as a part of the split of the Pangaean supercontinent in the late Mesozoic Gondwana (ɡɒnˈdwɑːnə originally Gondwanaland) was a southern Supercontinent that existed about 500 to 200 Ma ago Gondwanian elements were first introduced by India, which detached from Gondwana approximately 90 MYA, carrying its Gondwana-derived flora and fauna northward, which included cichlid fish and the flowering plant families Crypteroniaceae and possibly Dipterocarpaceae. In Astronomy, Geology, and Paleontology, mya or " mya " is an abbreviation for "million years ago". Cichlids (ˈsɪklɪd are Fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Perciformes. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group In Biological classification, family ( Latin Crypteroniaceae is a family of flowering Trees and Shrubs The family includes about 10 species in 3 genera, native to Indomalaya India collided with Asia 30-45 MYA, and exchanged species. Later, as Australia-New Guinea drifted north, the collision of the Australian and Asian plates pushed up the islands of Wallacea, which were separated from one another by narrow straits, allowing a botanic exchange between Indomalaya and Australasia. Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of Indonesian islands separated by deep water Straits from the Asian and Australian The Australasian zone is an ecological region that is coincident but not synonymous (by some definitions with the geographic Region of Australasia Asian rainforest flora, including the dipterocarps, island-hopped across Wallacea to New Guinea, and several Gondwanian plant families, including podocarps and araucarias, moved westward from Australia-New Guinea into western Malesia and Southeast Asia. Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere Conifers with 18-19 genera and about 170-200 species of Evergreen Trees and Araucaria is a Genus of Evergreen coniferous Trees in the family Araucariaceae.
Flora and fauna
Two orders of mammals, the colugos (Dermoptera) and treeshrews (Scandentia), are endemic to the ecozone, as are families Craseonycteridae (Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat), Diatomyidae, Platacanthomyidae, Tarsiidae (tarsiers) and Hylobatidae (gibbons). The treeshrews (or tree shrews) are small Mammals native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat ( Craseonycteris thonglongyai) also known as the bumblebee bat, is an Endangered species of Bat and the only member Diatomyidae is a family of Hystricomorphous, Sciurognathous Rodents found in Asia. The Rodent family Platacanthomyidae, or Oriental Dormice, includes the spiny dormice and the Chinese pygmy dormice. Tarsiers are Prosimian Primates of the genus Tarsius, a Monotypic genus in the family Tarsiidae, which is itself the Gibbons are the small Apes in the family Hylobatidae. The family is divided into four genera based on their Diploid Chromosome Large mammals characteristic of Indomalaya include the leopard, tigers, water buffalos, Asian Elephant, Indian Rhinoceros, Javan Rhinoceros, Malayan Tapir, orangutans, and gibbons. The leopard (lɛpɚd Panthera pardus) is an Old World Mammal of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four roaring The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus The Asian or Asiatic Elephant ( Elephas maximus) sometimes known by the name of one of its subspecies &ndash the Indian Elephant, is one of The Indian Rhinoceros or the Great One-horned Rhinoceros or the Asian One-horned Rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis) is a large mammal found in Nepal The Javan Rhinoceros ( Sunda Rhinoceros to be more precise or Lesser One-horned Rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros sondaicus) is a member of the family Rhinocerotidae The Malayan Tapir ( Tapirus indicus) also called the Asian Tapir, is the largest of the four species of Tapir and the only one native to Asia The orangutans are two Species of great apes known for their intelligence long arms and reddish-brown hair Gibbons are the small Apes in the family Hylobatidae. The family is divided into four genera based on their Diploid Chromosome
Indomalaya has three endemic bird families, the Irenidae (leafbirds and fairy bluebirds), Megalaimidae and Rhabdornithidae (Philippine creepers). The leafbirds ( Chloropseidae) are a family of small Passerine Bird species found in India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia The two fairy-bluebirds are small Passerine Bird Species found in forests and plantations in tropical southern Asia and the Philippines A family of Birds comprising the Asian barbets, the Megalaimidae were once united with all other barbets in the Capitonidae (Short & Horne 2002 but The Philippine creepers or rhabdornises are small passerine Birds The family is endemic to the Philippines. Also characteristic are pheasants, pittas, Old World babblers, and flowerpeckers. Pheasants are a group of large Birds in the order Galliformes. Pittas are a family, Pittidae, of Passerine Birds mainly found in tropical Asia and Australasia, although a couple of species The Old World babblers or timaliids are a large family of mostly Old World Passerine Birds They are rather diverse in size and coloration The flowerpeckers are a family of Passerine Birds found in tropical southern Asia and Australasia from India east to the Philippines
See also
Indomalaya terrestrial ecoregions
| Andaman Islands rain forests | India |
| Borneo lowland rain forests | Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia |
| Borneo montane rain forests | Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia |
| Borneo peat swamp forests | Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia |
| Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests | India |
| Cardamom Mountains rain forests | Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam |
| Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests | Thailand |
| Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests | Thailand |
| Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests | Burma, India |
| Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests | Australia |
| Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests | India |
| Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests | Indonesia |
| Eastern Java-Bali rain forests | Indonesia |
| Greater Negros-Panay rain forests | Philippines |
| Hainan Island monsoon rain forests | China |
| Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests | Bhutan, India, Nepal |
| Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests | Burma |
| Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests | Burma |
| Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests | China |
| Kayah-Karen montane rain forests | Burma, Thailand |
| Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Bangladesh, India |
| Luang Prabang montane rain forests | Laos |
| Luzon montane rain forests | Philippines |
| Luzon rain forests | Philippines |
| Malabar Coast moist forests | India |
| Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests | British Indian Ocean Territory, India, Maldives |
| Meghalaya subtropical forests | India |
| Mentawai Islands rain forests | Indonesia |
| Mindanao montane rain forests | Philippines |
| Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests | Philippines |
| Mindoro rain forests | Philippines |
| Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests | Bangladesh, India, Burma |
| Myanmar coastal rain forests | Burma |
| Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests | Japan |
| Nicobar Islands rain forests | India |
| North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | India |
| North Western Ghats montane rain forests | India |
| Northern Annamites rain forests | Laos, Vietnam |
| Northern Indochina subtropical forests | China, Laos, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam |
| Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests | Laos, Thailand |
| Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests | Laos, Thailand |
| Northern Triangle subtropical forests | Burma |
| Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests | Vietnam |
| Orissa semi-evergreen forests | India |
| Palawan rain forests | Philippines |
| Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests | Malaysia, Thailand |
| Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests | Malaysia, Thailand |
| Peninsular Malaysian rain forests | Indonesia, Malaysia |
| Red River freshwater swamp forests | Vietnam |
| South China Sea Islands | disputed between China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam |
| South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests | China, Vietnam |
| South Taiwan monsoon rain forests | Taiwan |
| South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | India |
| South Western Ghats montane rain forests | India |
| Southern Annamites montane rain forests | Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam |
| Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests | Indonesia |
| Sri Lanka lowland rain forests | Sri Lanka |
| Sri Lanka montane rain forests | Sri Lanka |
| Sulu Archipelago rain forests | Philippines |
| Sumatran freshwater swamp forests | Indonesia |
| Sumatran lowland rain forests | Indonesia |
| Sumatran montane rain forests | Indonesia |
| Sumatran peat swamp forests | Indonesia |
| Sundaland heath forests | Indonesia |
| Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests | Bangladesh, India |
| Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests | Taiwan |
| Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests | Malaysia' Burma, Thailand |
| Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests | Cambodia, Vietnam |
| Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests | Cambodia, Vietnam |
| Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | India |
| Western Java montane rain forests | Indonesia |
| Western Java rain forests | Indonesia |
| Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | India |
| Central Indochina dry forests | Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam |
| Chota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests | India |
| East Deccan dry evergreen forests | India |
| Irrawaddy dry forests | Burma |
| Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests | India |
| Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests | India |
| Northern dry deciduous forests | India |
| South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | India |
| Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests | Cambodia, Laos, Thailand |
| Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests | Vietnam |
| Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests | Sri Lanka |
| Himalayan subtropical pine forests | Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan |
| Luzon tropical pine forests | Philippines |
| Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests | Burma, India |
| Sumatran tropical pine forests | Indonesia |
| Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests | Bhutan, India, Nepal |
| Northern Triangle temperate forests | Burma |
| Western Himalayan broadleaf forests | India, Nepal, Pakistan |
| Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | Bhutan, India, Nepal |
| Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | India, Nepal, Pakistan |
| Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands | Bhutan, India, Nepal |
| Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh | India, Pakistan |
| Kinabalu montane alpine meadows | Malaysia |
| Deccan thorn scrub forests | India, Sri Lanka |
| Indus Valley desert | India, Pakistan |
| Northwestern thorn scrub forests | India, Pakistan |
| Thar desert | India, Pakistan |
| Godavari-Krishna mangroves | India |
| Indochina mangroves | Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam |
| Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves | Pakistan |
| Myanmar coast mangroves | Burma, India, Malaysia, Thailand |
| Sunda Shelf mangroves | Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia |
| Sundarbans mangroves | Bangladesh, India |
External links
Media related to Indomalaya from the Wikimedia Commons. Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the boundary of the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones Malesia was first identified as a Floristic Sundaland is a biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia that comprises the Malay Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago islands of Sumatra Because of its size and range of latitude topography and climate India is home to a great diversity of Ecoregions ranging from permanent ice and snow to Tropical The Philippine Archipelago is one of the world's great reservoirs of Biodiversity and endemism. The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF also known as tropical moist forests, are a Tropical and Subtropical Forest The Andaman Islands are a group of islands in the Bay of Bengal, and are part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Brunei Darussalam, (bruːˈnaɪ in English officially the State of Brunei Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam Jawi: برني دارالسلام The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Brunei Darussalam, (bruːˈnaɪ in English officially the State of Brunei Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam Jawi: برني دارالسلام The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Borneo peat swamp forests is a tropical moist forest ecoregion on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam, (bruːˈnaɪ in English officially the State of Brunei Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam Jawi: برني دارالسلام The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Chao Phraya (แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา is a major River in Thailand, with its low alluvial river plain marking the mainland of the country The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests is a Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in western Myanmar. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of east-central India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests is a subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of India, Nepal, Bhutan and Pakistan The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of Bangladesh and eastern India. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Malabar Coast moist forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of southwestern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Maldives ( or, or Maldive Islands) officially the Republic of Maldives, is an Island nation consisting of a group of atolls stretching The Meghalaya subtropical forests is a montane subtropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Mentawai Islands are a chain of about seventy islands and islets off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Ryukyu Islands, in Japanese called the (literally Southwest Islands are a chain of Japanese islands in the western Pacific Ocean at the eastern limit For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Nicobar Islands are an island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean, and are part of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of southwestern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The North Western Ghats montane rain forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of southwestern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Northern Indochina subtropical forests are a Subtropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of northern Indochina, covering portions of Vietnam China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Orissa semi-evergreen forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests are a tropical moist forest ecoregion of the Malay Peninsula, which includes portions of Malaysia and southern For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The South China Sea Islands (or Nanhai Islands, simplified: 南海诸岛 traditional: 南海諸島 Pinyin: Nánhǎi Zhūdǎo consist of over China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of southern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The South Western Ghats montane rain forests are an Ecoregion of southern India, covering the southern portion of the Western Ghats range in Kerala India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Sundaland heath forest, also known as Kerangas Forest, is a type of tropical moist forest found on the island of Borneo, which is The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of India and Bangladesh. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests is an ecoregion that covers most of the island of Taiwan, with the exception of the southern tip of the island which constitutes the Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of northern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest Biome, also known as tropical dry forest, is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes The Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests is a Tropical dry broadleaf forest Ecoregion of southern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forest is a tropical dry broadleaf forest Ecoregion in eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The East Deccan dry evergreen forests are an Ecoregion of southeastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Kathiawar-Gir dry deciduous forests are a tropical dry broadleaf forest Ecoregion of western India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests are a tropical dry forest ecoregion of central India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Northern dry deciduous forests is a tropical dry broadleaf forest Ecoregion of east-central India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests is an Ecoregion of southern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests are a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion of Indochina. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests are a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion of the island of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests are a Forest Biome. The Himalayan subtropical pine forests are a subtropical coniferous forest Ecoregion covering portions of Bhutan, India, Nepal, and The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests is a subtropical coniferous forest Ecoregion of northeastern India and adjacent portions of Myanmar. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests temperate deciduous forest) --> are a Temperate and Humid Biome. The Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests is a temperate broadleaf forest ecoregion which is found in the middle elevations of the eastern Himalayas, including The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. The Northern Triangle temperate forests is a Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest Ecoregion of northern Myanmar. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface Temperate coniferous forest is a terrestrial Biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface Tropical and subtropical grasslands savannas and shrublands are a Grassland Biome located in Semi-arid to semi- Humid Climate regions The Terai ("moist land" is a belt of marshy Grasslands Savannas and Forests at the base of the Himalaya range in India The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface Flooded grasslands and savannas are a Biome, generally located at subtropical and tropical latitudes where which are flooded seasonally or year-round The Rann of Kutch is a seasonally marshy region located in the Thar Desert biogeographic province in Gujarat state of northwestern India India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface Montane grasslands and shrublands is a Biome defined by the World Wildlife Fund. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface The Deccan thorn scrub forests is a xeric shrubland Ecoregion of India and northernmost Sri Lanka. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The Indus Valley Desert is a desert ecoregion of northern Pakistan. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Northwestern thorn scrub forests are a xeric shrubland ecoregion of Pakistan and northwestern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Thar Desert ( Hindi: थार मरुस्थल also known as the Great Indian Desert, is India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight Ecozones that cover the planet's land surface Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. The Godavari-Krishna mangroves are a Mangrove ecoregion of India 's southeastern or Coromandel Coast. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Brunei Darussalam, (bruːˈnaɪ in English officially the State of Brunei Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam Jawi: برني دارالسلام The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Sundarbans (সুন্দরবন Shundorbôn) is the largest single block of tidal halophytic Mangrove forest in the world ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country - Map of the ecozones
References
- Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment. Island Press; Washington, DC.
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