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Indole
Chemical structure of indole
IUPAC name Indole
Other names 2,3-Benzopyrrole, ketole,
1-benzazole
Identifiers
CAS number [120-72-9]
RTECS number NL2450000
SMILES C1(NC=C2)=C2C=CC=C1
Properties
Molecular formula C8H7N
Molar mass 117. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS) is a Database of Toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 15 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Density 1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 22 g/cm3, solid
Melting point

52 - 54°C (326 K)
Boiling point

253 - 254°C (526 K)
Solubility in water 0. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. 19 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Soluble in hot water
Acidity (pKa) 16. 2
(21. 0 in DMSO)
Basicity (pKb) 17. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH32SO 6
Structure
Crystal structure  ?
Molecular shape Planar
Dipole moment 2. In Mineralogy and Crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of Atoms in a Crystal. Molecular geometry or molecular structure is the three- Dimensional arrangement of the Atoms that constitute a Molecule. In physics there are two kinds of dipoles ( Hellènic: di(s- = two- and pòla = pivot hinge An electric dipole is a 11 D in benzene
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
R/S statement R: 21/22-37/38-41-50/53
S: 26-36/37/39-60-61
Flash point 121°C
Related compounds
Related aromatic
compounds		 benzene, benzofuran,
carbazole, carboline,
indene, indoline,
isatin, methylindole,
oxindole, pyrrole,
skatole
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. The debye (symbol D) is a non- SI, CGS unit of electrical dipole moment. Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6 A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance Risk and Safety Statements, also known as R/S statements, R/S numbers, R/S phrases, and R/S sentences, is a system of Hazard codes The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6 Benzofuran is the Heterocyclic compound consisting of fused Benzene and Furan rings Carbazole is an Aromatic heterocyclic Organic compound. It has a tricyclic structure consisting of two six-membered Benzene ring fused β- Carboline (9 H - pyrido[,4- b ] Indole) is an organic Amine that is the prototype of a class of compounds known Indene is a Flammable polycyclic Hydrocarbon with Chemical formula C9H8 Indoline is an Aromatic heterocyclic Organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure consisting of a six-membered Benzene ring fused to a Isatin or 1H-indole-23-dione is an Indole derivative The compound was first obtained by Erdman and Laurent in 1841 as a product from the Oxidation Oxindole is an Aromatic heterocyclic Organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure consisting of a six-membered Benzene ring fused to a five-membered Pyrrole, or pyrrol, is a Heterocyclic Aromatic Organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C 4 Skatole or 3-methylindole is a mildly Toxic White Crystalline Organic compound belonging to the Indole family In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring. Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Pyrrole, or pyrrol, is a Heterocyclic Aromatic Organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C 4 The participation of the nitrogen lone electron pair in the aromatic ring means that indole is not a base, and it does not behave like a simple amine. lone pair is a (valence electron pair without bonding or sharing with other Atoms They are found in the outermost Electron shell of an atom so lone pairs In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and Amines are Organic compounds and Functional groups that contain a basic Nitrogen Atom with a Lone pair.

Indole is solid at room temperature. A solid' object is in the States of matter characterized by resistance to Deformation and changes of Volume. It occurs naturally in human feces and has an intense fecal odor. Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animal's digestive tract expelled through the Anus At very low concentrations, however, it has a flowery smell[1], and is a constituent of many flower scents (such as orange blossoms) and perfumes. Olfaction (also known as olfactics or smell) refers to the Sense of smell. Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living It also occurs in coal tar. Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of high Viscosity, which smells of Naphthalene and Aromatic hydrocarbons Coal tar is among the by-products when coal

The indole structure can be found in many organic compounds like the amino acid tryptophan and in tryptophan-containing protein, in alkaloids, and in pigments. In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this Tryptophan (abbreviated as Trp or W) is one of the 20 standard amino acids, as well as an Essential amino acid in the Human diet Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl This article is about the chemical compounds alkaloids For the Pharmaceutical company in the Republic of Macedonia see Alkaloid (company. For the drug referred to as "pigment" see Black tar heroin.

Indole undergoes electrophilic substitution, mainly at position 3. Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an Electrophile displaces another group typically but not always Hydrogen. Substituted indoles are structural elements of (and for some compounds the synthetic precursors for) the tryptophan-derived tryptamine alkaloids like the neurotransmitter serotonin, melatonin, the hallucinogens psilocybin, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, or the ergolines like LSD. Tryptamine is a Monoamine Alkaloid found in Plants and Animals. See Chemical synapse for an introduction to concepts and terminology used in this article Serotonin (ˌsɛrəˈtoʊnən ( 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a Monoamine Neurotransmitter synthesized in serotonergic Neurons Melatonin is a naturally occurring Hormone found in most animals including humans and some other living organisms including Algae. The general group of pharmacological agents commonly known as hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories Psychedelics, Dissociatives Psilocybin (IPA /saɪləˈsaɪbɪn/ (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic Indole of the Tryptamine family found in Psilocybin Dimethyltryptamine (DMT also known as NN -dimethyltryptamine, is a naturally occurring Tryptamine and potent psychedelic drug found not only in 5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine is a very powerful psychedelic Tryptamine. Ergoline is a Chemical compound whose structural skeleton is contained in a diverse range of Alkaloids and a few Psychedelic drugs Other indolic compounds include the plant hormone Auxin (indolyl-3-acetic acid, IAA), the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, and the betablocker pindolol. Auxins are a class of Plant growth substance (often called Phytohormone or Plant hormone) Indole-3-acetic acid, also known as IAA is a member of the group of Phytohormones called Auxins IAA is generally considered to be the most important native auxin Indometacin ( INN Beta blockers (sometimes written as β-blocker) are a class of drugs used for various indications but particularly for the management of Cardiac arrhythmias Pindolol is a Beta blocker drug Pharmacology Pindolol is a nonselective beta blocker with partial beta-agonist activity

The name indole is a portmanteau of the words indigo and oleum, since indole was first isolated by treatment of the indigo dye with oleum. Indigo dye is Dye with a distinctive blue color (see Indigo) The chemical compound that constitutes the indigo dye is called indigotin Oleum ( Latin oleum = "oil" or fuming sulfuric acid refers to a solution various compositions of Sulfur trioxide in Sulfuric

Contents

History

Baeyer's original structure for indole, 1869
Baeyer's original structure for indole, 1869

Indole chemistry began to develop with the study of the dye indigo. Indigo dye is Dye with a distinctive blue color (see Indigo) The chemical compound that constitutes the indigo dye is called indigotin This was converted to isatin and then to oxindole. Isatin or 1H-indole-23-dione is an Indole derivative The compound was first obtained by Erdman and Laurent in 1841 as a product from the Oxidation Oxindole is an Aromatic heterocyclic Organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure consisting of a six-membered Benzene ring fused to a five-membered Then, in 1866, Adolf von Baeyer reduced oxindole to indole using zinc dust. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (ˈbaɪɐ October 31, 1835 - August 20, 1917) was a German chemist who Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 [2] In 1869, he proposed the formula for indole (left) that is accepted today. [3]

Certain indole derivatives were important dyestuffs until the end of the 19th century. In the 1930s, interest in indole intensified when it became known that the indole nucleus is present in many important alkaloids, as well is in tryptophan and auxins, and it remains an active area of research today. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. This article is about the chemical compounds alkaloids For the Pharmaceutical company in the Republic of Macedonia see Alkaloid (company. Tryptophan (abbreviated as Trp or W) is one of the 20 standard amino acids, as well as an Essential amino acid in the Human diet Auxins are a class of Plant growth substance (often called Phytohormone or Plant hormone) [4]

Synthesis of indoles

Indole is a major constituent of coal-tar, and the 220-260 °C distillation fraction is the main industrial source of the material. Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of high Viscosity, which smells of Naphthalene and Aromatic hydrocarbons Coal tar is among the by-products when coal Indole and its derivatives can also be synthesized by a variety of methods. [5][6][7]

Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis

Main article: Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis
The Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis

The Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis is an efficient method of sythesizing indole and substituted indoles. The Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis is a series of Organic reactions that produce Indoles from o-nitro Toluenes 1. The Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis is a series of Organic reactions that produce Indoles from o-nitro Toluenes 1. Originally disclosed in a patent in 1976, this method is high-yielding and can generate substituted indoles. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This method is especially popular in the pharmaceutical industry, where many pharmaceutical drugs are comprised of specifically substituted indoles. Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease

Fischer indole synthesis

Main article: Fischer indole synthesis
The Fischer indole synthesis

One of the oldest and most reliable methods for synthesizing substituted indoles is the Fischer indole synthesis developed in 1883 by Emil Fischer. The Fischer indole synthesis is a Chemical reaction that produces the Aromatic heterocycle Indole from a (substituted Phenylhydrazine The Fischer indole synthesis is a Chemical reaction that produces the Aromatic heterocycle Indole from a (substituted Phenylhydrazine Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Emil Fischer may refer to Emil Fischer (bass (1838-1914 famous German dramatic basso Franz Joseph Emil Fischer (1877-1947 German Although the synthesis of indole itself is problematic using the Fischer indole synthesis, it is often used to generate indoles substituted in the 2- and/or 3-positions.

Other indole forming reactions

Chemical reactions of indole

Nitrogen basicity

Although the indole N-1 nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons, indole is not basic like amines and anilines because the lone pair is delocalised and contributes to the aromatic system. lone pair is a (valence electron pair without bonding or sharing with other Atoms They are found in the outermost Electron shell of an atom so lone pairs The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and Amines are Organic compounds and Functional groups that contain a basic Nitrogen Atom with a Lone pair. Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an Organic compound with the formula C6H7N The protonated form has an pKa of -3. 6, so that very strong acids like hydrochloric acid are needed to protonate a substantial amount of indole. Hydrochloric acid is the Solution of Hydrogen chloride ( H[[Chlorine Cl]] in water In chemistry protonation is the addition of a proton ( H[[Cation +]] to an Atom, Molecule, or Ion. The sensitivity of many indolic compounds (e. g. , tryptamines) under acidic conditions is caused by this protonation. Tryptamine is a Monoamine Alkaloid found in Plants and Animals.

Electrophilic substitution

The most reactive position on indole for electrophilic aromatic substitution is C-3, which is 1013 times more reactive than benzene. Electrophilic aromatic substitution or EAS is an Organic reaction in which an atom usually Hydrogen, appended to an aromatic system is replaced Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6 For example, Vilsmeier-Haack formylation of indole[10] will take place at room temperature exclusively at C-3. The Vilsmeier-Haack reaction (also called the Vilsmeier reaction) is the Chemical reaction of a substituted Amide ( 1) with Phosphorus oxychloride A formylation reaction in Organic chemistry is the catch-all name for any Organic reaction in which an Organic compound is functionalized with a Formyl Since the pyrrollic ring is the most reactive portion of indole, nucleophilic substitution of the carbocyclic (benzene) ring can take place only after N-1, C-2, and C-3 are substituted.

The Vilsmeyer-Haack formylation of indole

Gramine, a useful synthetic intermediate, is produced via a Mannich reaction of indole with dimethylamine and formaldehyde. Gramine (also called donaxine is a naturally occurring Indole Alkaloid present in several plant species The Mannich reaction is an Organic reaction which consists of an amino alkylation of an acidic proton placed next to a Carbonyl Functional group Dimethylamine is an Organic compound with the formula (CH32NH Formaldehyde is a Chemical compound with the formula H2CO It is the simplest Aldehyde —an organic compound containing a terminal Carbonyl

Synthesis of Gramine from indole

Nitrogen-H acidity and organometallic indole anion complexes

The N-H proton has a pKa of 21 in DMSO, so that very strong bases like sodium hydride or butyl lithium and water-free conditions are needed for complete deprotonation. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH32SO In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and Sodium hydride is the Chemical compound with the formula NaH It is primarily used as a strong base in Organic synthesis. n -Butyllithium (abbreviated BuLi is the most prominent Organolithium reagent. Deprotonation is a Chemistry term that refers to the removal of a Proton ( Hydrogen Cation H+ from a Molecule, forming Salts of the resulting indole anion can react in two ways. Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Highly-ionic salts such as the sodium or potassium compounds tend to react with electrophiles at nitrogen-1, whereas the more covalent magnesium compounds (indole Grignard reagents) and (especially) zinc complexes tend to react at carbon-3 (see figure below). An ionic bond (or electrovalent bond) is a type of Chemical bond that can often form between Metal and Non-metal Ions (or Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22 Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 In Chemistry, an electrophile (literally electron-lover) is a Reagent attracted to Electrons that participates in a chemical reaction by accepting The Grignard reaction, named for the French chemist François Auguste Victor Grignard, is an organometallic Chemical reaction in which Alkyl - Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 For the same reason, polar aprotic solvents such as DMF and DMSO tend to favour attack at the nitrogen, whereas nonpolar solvents such as toluene favour C-3 attack. A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution. Dimethylformamide is the Organic compound with the formula ( CH3)2NC(OH Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH32SO Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane, is a clear water -insoluble liquid with the typical smell of Paint thinners redolent of [11]

Formation and reactions of the indole anion

Carbon acidity and C-2 lithiation

After the N-H proton, the hydrogen at C-2 is the next most acidic proton on indole. Reaction of N-protected indoles with butyl lithium or lithium diisopropylamide results in lithiation exclusively at the C-2 position. n -Butyllithium (abbreviated BuLi is the most prominent Organolithium reagent. Lithium diisopropylamide is the Chemical compound with the formula 2NLi This strong nucleophile can then be used as such with other electrophiles.

Bergman and Venemalm developed a technique for lithiating the 2-position of unsubstituted indole. [12]

2-position lithiation of indole

Oxidation of indole

Due to the electron-rich nature of indole, it is easily oxidized. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state Simple oxidants such as N-bromosuccinimide will selectively oxidize indole 1 to oxindole (4 and 5). N -Bromosuccinimide or NBS is a Chemical reagent which is used in Radical substitution and Electrophilic addition reactions Oxindole is an Aromatic heterocyclic Organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure consisting of a six-membered Benzene ring fused to a five-membered

Oxidation of indole by N-bromosuccinimide

Cycloadditions of indole

Only the C-2 to C-3 pi-bond of indole is capable of cycloaddition reactions. A cycloaddition is a Pericyclic Chemical reaction, in which two π bonds are lost and two σ bonds are gained the resulting reaction is a Intermolecular cycloadditions are not favorable, whereas intramolecular variants are often high-yielding. For example, Padwa et al. [13] have developed this Diels-Alder reaction to form advanced strychnine intermediates. The Diels-Alder reaction is an Organic chemical reaction (specifically a Cycloaddition) between a conjugated Diene and a substituted Alkene, Strychnine (ˈstrɪkniːn (British US /-naɪn/ or /-nɪn/ (US In this case, the 2-aminofuran is the diene, whereas the indole is the dienophile. Dienes or diolefins are Hydrocarbons which contain two double bonds. The Diels-Alder reaction is an Organic chemical reaction (specifically a Cycloaddition) between a conjugated Diene and a substituted Alkene,

Example of a cycloaddition of indole

Indoles also undergo intramolecular [2+3] and [2+2] cycloadditions.

Applications

Natural jasmine oil, used in the perfume industry, contains around 2. Jasmine or Jessamine ( Jasminum) (from Persian yasmin, ie "gift from God" via Arabic) is a Genus of Shrubs An essential oil is a concentrated Hydrophobic Liquid containing volatile Aroma compounds from Plants They are also known as volatile Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living 5% of indole. Since 1 kilogram of the natural oil requires processing several million jasmine blossoms and costs around $10,000, indole (among other things) is used in the manufacture of synthetic jasmine oil (which costs around $10/kg).

See also

General references

References

  1. ^ http://www.leffingwell.com/olfact5.htm
  2. ^ Baeyer, A. Ann. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (ˈbaɪɐ October 31, 1835 - August 20, 1917) was a German chemist who 1866, 140, 295.
  3. ^ Baeyer, A.; Emmerling, A. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (ˈbaɪɐ October 31, 1835 - August 20, 1917) was a German chemist who Chemische Berichte 1869, 2, 679. See also Anales de Química Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France
  4. ^ R. B. Van Order, H. G. Lindwall Chem. Rev. 1942, 30, 69-96. Chemical Reviews (usually abbreviated as Chem Rev) is a peer-reviewed Scientific journal, published since 1924 by the American Chemical Society (Review) (doi:10.1021/cr60095a004)
  5. ^ Gribble G. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. W. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 2000, 1045-1075. (Review) (doi:10.1039/a909834h)
  6. ^ Cacchi, S. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. ; Fabrizi, G. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 2873-2920. Chemical Reviews (usually abbreviated as Chem Rev) is a peer-reviewed Scientific journal, published since 1924 by the American Chemical Society (Review) (doi:10.1021/cr040639b)
  7. ^ Humphrey, G. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. R. ; Kuethe, J. T. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 2875-2911. Chemical Reviews (usually abbreviated as Chem Rev) is a peer-reviewed Scientific journal, published since 1924 by the American Chemical Society (Review) (doi:10.1021/cr0505270)
  8. ^ 0. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Diels and J. Reese, Ann. , 511, 168 (1934).
  9. ^ An Extension of the Diels-Reese Reaction Ernest H. Huntress, Joseph Bornstein, and William M. Hearon J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1956; 78(10) pp 2225 - 2228; doi:10.1021/ja01591a055
  10. ^ James, P. The Journal of the American Chemical Society (usually abbreviated as J A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. N. ; Snyder, H. R. (1959). "Indole-3-aldehyde". Organic Syntheses 39: 30. Organic Syntheses is a Scientific journal that since 1921 has provided the Chemistry community with annual collections of detailed and checked procedures  
  11. ^ Heaney, H. ; Ley, S. V. (1974). "1-Benzylindole". Organic Syntheses 54: 58. Organic Syntheses is a Scientific journal that since 1921 has provided the Chemistry community with annual collections of detailed and checked procedures  
  12. ^ Bergman, J. ; Venemalm, L. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 2495 - 2497. The Journal of Organic Chemistry (abbreviated as J Org Chem or JOC) is a Scientific journal for original contributions of fundamental (doi:10.1021/jo00034a058)
  13. ^ Lynch, S. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. M.  ; Bur, S. K. ; Padwa, A. ; Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4643 - 4645. Organic Letters (usually abbreviated as Org Lett) is a peer-reviewed Scientific journal, published since 1999 by the (doi:10.1021/ol027024q)

See also

External links

A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Indole-3-butyric acid (1H-Indole-3-butanoic acid IBA is a white to light-yellow crystalline solid with the molecular formula C12H13NO2 The indole test is a biochemical test performed on bacterial species to determine the ability of the organism to split Indole from the Amino acid Tryptophan

Dictionary

indole

-noun

  1. (chemistry) An organic compound, C8H7N, found in coal tar, and produced in the gut by the bacterial decomposition of tryptophan; it is an aromatic bicyclic heterocycle having a benzene ring fused with a pyrrole ring; indole and its derivatives occur widely in nature and have many industrial applications.
  2. (chemistry) Any of the derivatives of indole1.
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