- For the vast tract created by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in Canada and the United States see: Indian Reserve (1763)
In Canada, an Indian reserve is specified by the Indian Act as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band. The Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763 by King George III following Great Britain 's acquisition of French territory The Indian Reserve was a territory under British rule in North America set aside in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 for use by Native Americans Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Indian Act ("An Act respecting Indians" RS 1985 c For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II " The Act also specifies that land reserved for the use and benefit of a band which is not vested in the Crown (for example, Wikwemikong Unceded Reserve on Manitoulin Island) is also subject to the Indian Act provisions governing reserves. Manitoulin Island is a Canadian island in Lake Huron, in the province of Ontario. Superficially a reserve is similar to an American Indian reservation, although the histories of the development of reserves and reservations are markedly different. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An Indian reservation is an area of land managed by a Native American Tribe under the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau Although the American term reservation is occasionally used, reserve is normally the standard term in Canada.
The terms Native reserve, First Nations reserve and First Nation are also widely used instead of Indian reserve; confusingly, First Nation also designates a group which may occupy more than one reserve. First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people For example, the Munsee-Delaware Nation in Ontario is only one of three reserves in Western Ontario occupied by members of the Munsee-Delaware First Nation. The Munsee-Delaware Nation No 1 is an Indian reserve on the Thames River 24 km west of St Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Southwestern Ontario is a region of the Canadian province of Ontario, centred on the city of London. The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic In all, there are over 600 occupied reserves in Canada, most of them quite small in area.
The Indian Act gives the Minister of Indian Affairs the right to "determine whether any purpose for which lands in a reserve are used is for the use and benefit of the band. The Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (Ministre des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet " Title to land within the reserve may only be transferred to the band or to individual band members. Reserve lands may not be seized legally, nor is the personal property of a band or a band member living on a reserve subject to "charge, pledge, mortgage, attachment, levy, seizure distress or execution in favour or at the instance of any person other than an Indian or a band" (section 89 (1) of the Indian Act). As a result reserves and their residents have great difficulty obtaining financing. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) has, however, created an on-reserve housing loan program in which members of bands which enter into a trust agreement with CMHC and lenders can receive loans to build or repair houses. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation ( CMHC) is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Canada. In other programs loans to residents of reserves are guaranteed by the federal government.
Provinces and municipalities may expropriate reserve land only if specifically authorized by a provincial or federal law. Few reserves have any economic advantages, such as resource revenues. The revenues of those reserves which do are held in trust by the Minister of Indian Affairs. Reserve lands and the personal property of bands and resident band members are exempt from all forms of taxation except local taxation. Corporations owned by members of First Nations are not exempt, however. This exemption has allowed band members operating in proprietorships or partnerships to sell heavily taxed goods such as cigarettes on their reserves at prices considerably lower than those at stores off the reserves. Most reserves are self-governed, within the limits already described, under guidelines established by the Indian Act.
See also
- List of Aboriginal communities in Canada
- List of Indian reserves in Canada by population
- United States: Indian reservation
External links
- First Nation Community Profiles
- Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC)
- Ontario Plaques - Rama Indian Reserve
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