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A miniature, Kishengarh, Jaipur, Rajasthan
A miniature, Kishengarh, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Indian cave art at Bhimbetka
Indian cave art at Bhimbetka

The vast scope of the art of India intertwines with the cultural history, religions and philosophies which place art production and patronage in social and cultural contexts. Jaipur ( Hindi: जयपुर also popularly known as the Pink City, is the capital of Rajasthan state, India. Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area The Bhimbetka rock shelters compose an archaeological site and World Heritage Site located in Raisen District in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh

Indian art can be classified into specific periods each reflecting particular religious, political and cultural developments.

Each period is unique in its art, literature and architecture. Postcolonialism ( postcolonial theory, post-colonial theory) is an intellectual discourse that holds together a set of theories found among the texts and Indian art is constantly challenged as it rises to the peak of achieving the ideals of one philosophy in a visual form, then begins anew for another. This challenge and revolution in thought ovides, Indian artists with reasons for innovation and creation, and the process of visualizing abstract ideas and the culture of the land. The term innovation means a new way of doing something It may refer to incremental radical and revolutionary changes in thinking products processes or organisations

Each religion and philosophical system provided its own nuances, vast metaphors and similes, rich associations, wild imaginations, humanization of gods and celestial beings, characterization of people, the single purpose and ideal of life to be interpreted in art.


Contents

Rock-cut art

Main article: Indian rock-cut architecture
The Sun Temple in Konark
The Sun Temple in Konark

The earliest Indian religion to inspire major artistic monuments was Buddhism. Indian rock-cut architecture is more various and found in greater abundance than any other form of rock-cut architecture around the world WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Konark ( Sanskrit: कोनार्क) is a small town in Puri district of Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Though there may have been earlier structures in wood that have been transformed into stone structures, there are no physical evidences for these except textual references. Obscurity shrouds the period between the decline of the Harappans and the definite historic period starting with the Mauryas. The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military Soon after the Buddhists initiated the rock-cut caves, Hindus and Jains started to imitate them at Badami, Aihole, Ellora, Salsette, Elephanta, Aurangabad and Mamallapuram. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Badami (ಬದಾಮಿ formerly known as Vatapi, is a Taluk in the Bagalkot District Aihole ( Kannada ಐಹೊಳೆ is a town in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India Ellora ( Marathi: Verul is an archaeological site 30 km (186 miles from the city of Aurangabad in the Indian state of Maharashtra Salsette (साष्टी ( Portuguese: Salsete Marathi: Sashti (साष्टी is an island in Maharashtra state on India 's west Aurangabad ( ( औरंगाबाद) from Persian / Urdu اورنگ‌آباد meaning "Built by the Throne" named after Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mahabalipuram (மகாபலிபுரம் also known as Mamallapuram (மாமல்லபுரம்

Indian rock art has continuously evolved, since the first rock cut caves, to suit different purposes, social and religious contexts, and regional differences.

Indian fresco

Chola Fresco of Dancing girls. Brihadisvara Temple c. 1100 C.E.
Chola Fresco of Dancing girls. Brihadisvara Temple c. 1100 C. E.

The Chola fresco paintings were discovered in 1931 within the circumambulatory passage of the Brihadisvara Temple in India and are the first Chola specimens discovered. The Brihadishwara Temple ( Tamil: ta பெருவுடையார் கோவில் also known as Rajarajeswaram, at Thanjavur is a brilliant India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

Researchers have discovered the technique used in these frescos. A smooth batter of limestone mixture is applied over the stones, which took two to three days to set. Within that short span, such large paintings were painted with natural organic pigments.

During the Nayak period the chola paintings were painted over. Origins of Nayak rule With the demise of the Chola dynasty in 1279 Thanjavur was ruled by various small chieftains until the Vijayanagara Empire conquered The Chola frescos lying underneath have an ardent spirit of saivism is expressed in them. Shaivism, also spelled "Saivism" names the oldest of the four sects of Hinduism. They probably synchronised with the completion of the temple by Rajaraja Cholan the Great.

Kerala has well preserved fresco or mural or wall painting in temple walls in Pundarikapuram, Ettumanoor, Aymanam and Trivandrum. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or A mural is a Painting on a wall ceiling or other large permanent surface A mural is a Painting on a wall ceiling or other large permanent surface Ettumanoor (sometimes referred as Ettumanur) is a major town in Kottayam District of Kerala state South India, strategically located 12 Kilometers Aymanam is a village in Kottayam District, Kerala, India, made famous by Arundhati Roy 's Novel The God of Small Things Thiruvananthapuram ( Malayalam: തിരുവനന്തപുരം Tiruvanantapuraṁ) also known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the

Folk and Tribal Art

Folk and tribal art in India takes on different manifestations through varied medium such as pottery, painting, metalwork, paper-art, weaving and designing of artefacts such as jewellery and toys.

Parallel to the classical mainstream art forms, there have been evolving and transforming, folk and tribal art traditions. that are the visual expressions of people belonging to different cultural and social groups. It is the expression of people whose life is tuned to the rhythms of nature and its laws of cyclic change and whose life is entwined with the energies of the earth.

Folk and Tribal art represent the kernel of energy of the respective communities as a whole. It is a living, changing art form which changes with time, necessity, memories and experiences of peoples.

Often puranic gods and legends are transformed into contemporary forms and familiar images. For other meanings see Purana (disambiguation. The Puranas ( Sanskrit: sa पुराण purāṇa, "of ancient times" Fairs, festivals, and local deities play a vital role in these arts.

It is an art where life and creativity are inseparable. The tribal arts have a unique sensitivity, as the tribal people possess an intense awareness very different from the settled and urbanized people. Their minds are supple and intense with myth, legends, snippets from epic, multitudinous gods born out of dream and fantasy. Their art is an expression of their life and holds their passion and mystery.

Folk art also includes the visual expressions of the wandering nomads. This is the art of people who are exposed to changing landscapes as they travel over the valleys and highlands of India. They carry with them the experiences and memories of different spaces and their art consists of the transient and dynamic pattern of life. The rural, tribal and arts of the nomads constitute the matrix of folk expression. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally consists of a Social group existing before the development of or outside of States Many anthropologists use Nomadic people, (from the νομάδες nomádes, "those who let pasture herds" also known as nomads, are communities of people that

The folk spirit has a tremendous role to play in the development of art and in the overall consciousness of indigenous cultures. The Taj Mahal, the Ajanta and Ellora caves have become world famous. The Taj Mahal (tɑdʒ Ellora ( Marathi: Verul is an archaeological site 30 km (186 miles from the city of Aurangabad in the Indian state of Maharashtra The Taj Mahal is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. New Seven Wonders of the World is a project that attempts to revive the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World concept with a list of modern wonders

Visual Art

Main article: Indian painting

British colonial rule had a great impact on Indian art. Gajavidala is a motif in the Architecture of India that depicts a Lion overpowering an Elephant. The Warli or Varli are an Indian Scheduled Tribe. These Indigenous people live in Talukas of the Thane, Nasik Indian painting is a form of Indian art. Prelude The earliest Indian paintings were the rock paintings of Pre-historic times the Petroglyphs The old patrons of art became less wealthy and influential, and Western art more ubiquitous. Rabindranath Tagore, referred as the father of Modern Indian art had introduced Asian styles and Avant garde western styles into Indian Art. Many other artists like Jamini Roy and later S.H. Raza had taken inspiration from folk traditions. Jamini Roy (যামিনী রায়(April 11 1887-April 24 1972 was an Indian painter from Kolkata (Calcutta in West SH Raza or Syed Haider Raza (born 1922 is an eminent Indian artist who has lived and worked in France since 1950 but maintains strong ties with

In 1947 India became independent of British rule. A group of six artists - K. H. Ara, S. K. Bakre, H. A. Gade, M.F. Husain, S.H. Raza and F. Maqbool Fida Husain, (born 1915 Pandharpur, Maharashtra popularly known as M F Husain, is one of India 's best known SH Raza or Syed Haider Raza (born 1922 is an eminent Indian artist who has lived and worked in France since 1950 but maintains strong ties with N. Souza - founded the Progressive Artist's Group, to establish new ways of expressing India in the post-colonial era. Though the group was dissolved in 1956, it was profoundly influential in changing the idiom of Indian art. Almost all India's major artists in the 1950s were associated with the group. Some of those who are well-known today are Bal Chabda, V. S. Gaitonde, Krishen Khanna, Ram Kumar, Tyeb Mehta, and Akbar Padamsee. Ram Kumar (born 1924 in Shimla, India) is a contemporary Indian artist Tyeb Mehta is an Indian artist from Mumbai. Born in 1925 in Kapadvanj a town in the Indian state of Gujarat, he holds the record for the highest Present-day Indian art is varied as it had been never before. Among the best-known artists of the newer generation include Sanjay Bhattacharya, Bose Krishnamachari, Geeta Vadhera, NN. Geeta Vadhera is a contemporary artist from New Delhi, India. Rimzon, Satish Gupta, and [[Bikash Bhattacharya]

Contemporary Art

From the 1990s onwards, Indian artists began to multiply the forms they used in their work. Painting and sculpture remained important, though in the work of leading artists such as Subodh Gupta Pratul Dash, Devajyoti Ray[1], Sumedh Rajendran, Riyas Komu, Jagannath Panda or Atul Dodiya they often found radical new directions.

Crucially, however, in a complex time when the number of currents affecting Indian society seemed to multiply, many artists sought out new, more polyvocal and immersive forms of expression. Ranbir Kaleka, Raqs Media Collective and Shilpa Gupta have produced compelling contemporary works using such assortments of media forms including video and internet. Raqs Media Collective is a group of three media practitioners - Jeebesh Bagchi (New Delhi 1965 Monica Narula (New Delhi 1969 and Shuddhabrata Sengupta (New Delhi 1968 - based in This development coincided with the emergence of new galleries interested in promoting a wider range of art forms, such as Nature Morte in Delhi and its partner gallery Bose Pacia Gallery (New York and Kolkata) and Sakshi Gallery [2]in Mumbai. The Bose Pacia Gallery is an art gallery located in the Chelsea Manhattan in New York City, with partners in New Delhi ( Nature Morte and a An impressive showcase of Contemporary and Modern Indian Art is to be seen at kalpa:vraksha [3]and Saffronart [4]. Even the techies of the Silicon Valley were not left behind. The newest gallery in the valley is Ritushri [[5]] There are many new galleries which are hosting very significant shows of indian Contemporary art like Priyasri Art gallery in mumbai [[6]]

Music

Sitar, one of the most well-known Indian musical instruments
Sitar, one of the most well-known Indian musical instruments
Main article: Music of India

The music of India includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music. The sitar ( Hindi: सितार Urdu: ستار Persian: سی تار) is a Plucked stringed instrument. The music of India' includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music India's classical music tradition, including Carnatic and Hindustani music, has a history spanning millennia and, developed over several eras, remains fundamental to the lives of Indians today as sources of religious inspiration, cultural expression and pure entertainment. The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the oldest of Scriptures part of the Hindu tradition the Vedas. Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India Hindustani Classical Music ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत Urdu: ہندوستانی شاستریے سنگیت India is made up of several dozen ethnic groups, speaking their own languages and dialects. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Alongside distinctly subcontinental forms there are major influences from Persian, Arabic and British music. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. Persian traditional music (also known as Iranian traditional music, Musiqi-e Sonati-e Irani, also Persian classical music or Iranian classical music Arabic music or Arab music ( Arabic: موسيقى عربية;) includes several genres and styles of Music ranging from Arabic classical Music from the United Kingdom has lost great popularity since the 1960s when a wave of musicians helped to popularise Rock and roll. vagaram choudhary work on around the culture elements. Indian genres like filmi and bhangra have become popular throughout the United Kingdom, South and East Asia, and around the world. Filmi (or Filmy used as an adjective is a colloquial term which refers to anything relating to the Bollywood film industry Bhangra (ਭੰਗੜਾ pa-PK بھنگڑا pə̀ŋgɽäː is a lively form of music and dance that originated in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

See also

Bharata Natyam—a classical Indian dance
Bharata Natyam—a classical Indian dance

External links

References

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