The India or Indian Plate is a tectonic plate that was originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwanaland from which it split off, eventually becoming a major plate. Plate tectonics (from Greek τέκτων tektōn "builder" or "mason" describes the large scale motions of Earth 's Lithosphere Gondwana (ɡɒnˈdwɑːnə originally Gondwanaland) was a southern Supercontinent that existed about 500 to 200 Ma ago About 50 to 55 million years ago, it fused with the adjacent Australian Plate. The Indo-Australian Plate is a major Tectonic plate that includes the continent of Australia and surrounding Ocean, and extends northwest to include the It is today part of the major Indo-Australian Plate, and includes the subcontinent of India and a portion of the basin under the Indian Ocean. The Indo-Australian Plate is a major Tectonic plate that includes the continent of Australia and surrounding Ocean, and extends northwest to include the This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface
In the late Cretaceous Period about 90 million years ago, subsequent to the splitting off from Gondwanaland of conjoined Madagascar and India, the India Plate split from Madagascar. The Cretaceous (kriːˈteɪʃəs, usually abbreviated 'K' for its German translation "Kreide" is a geologic period and system, reaching from the end of Annum is one form of the Latin noun meaning Year, not a form normally used for derivatives in modern languages the accusative singular Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern It began moving north, at about 20 cm/yr (8 in/yr) [1], and began colliding with Asia between 50 and 55 million years ago, in the Eocene epoch of the Cenozoic Era. A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. The Eocene epoch (558 ± 02 - 339 ± 01 Ma) is a major division of the Geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in The Cenozoic (also Caenozoic or Cainozoic) Era (ˌsiːnəˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsɛn- (meaning "new life" ( Greek ( kainos) "new" During this time, the India Plate covered a distance of 2,000 to 3,000 km (1,200 to 1,900 mi), and moved faster than any other known plate. In 2007, German geologists determined that the reason the India Plate moved so quickly is that it is only half as thick as the other plates which formerly constituted Gondwanaland. [2]
The collision with the Eurasian Plate along the boundary between India and Nepal formed the orogenic belt that created the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalaya Mountains, as sediment bunched up like earth before a plow. The Eurasian Plate is a Tectonic plate which includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional Continents of Europe Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Orogeny (Greek for "mountain generating" is the process of natural Mountain building and may be studied as a tectonic structural event as a geographical event and The Tibetan Plateau, also known as the Qinghai-Tibetan (Qingzang Plateau is a vast elevated Plateau in Central Asia covering most of the Tibet Autonomous The plough ( American spelling plow; both plaʊ is a Tool used in Farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed
The India Plate is currently moving northeast at 5 cm/yr (2 in/yr), while the Eurasian Plate is moving north at only 2 cm/yr (0. 8 in/yr). This is causing the Eurasian Plate to deform, and the India Plate to compress at a rate of 4 mm/yr (0. 15 in/yr).
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2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
The 9. 3 magnitude 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was caused by stress in the subduction zone where the India Plate is sliding under the Burma Plate in the eastern Indian Ocean, at a rate of 6 cm/yr (2. TalkMoment magnitude scale#Real world examples please.--> The moment magnitude scale The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea Earthquake that occurred at 005853 UTC on December 26 2004 with an Epicentre off the west coast of In Geology, a subduction zone is an area on Earth where two tectonic plates meet and move towards one another with one sliding underneath the other The Burma Plate is a small Tectonic plate or microplate located in Southeast Asia, often considered a part of the larger Eurasian Plate. 5 in/yr). The Sunda Trench is formed along this boundary where the Indo-Australian and Eurasian Plates meet. The Java Trench, also called Sunda Trench, located in the northeastern Indian Ocean, with a length of 2600 km and a maximum depth of 7725 meters (at 10°19'S 109°58'E Earthquakes in the region are either caused by thrust-faulting, where the faultline slips at right angles to the trench; or strike-slip faulting, where material to the east of the faultline slips along the direction of the trench. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer In Geology a fault, or fault line, is a planar rock fracture which shows evidence of relative movement
Like all similarly large earthquakes, the December 26, 2004 event was caused by thrust-faulting. A 100 km (60 mi) rupture caused about 1,600 km (994 mi) of the interface to slip, which moved the fault 15 m (50 ft) and lifted the sea floor several meters (yards), creating the great tsunami. A tsunami ((tsuːˈnɑːmi is a series of waves created when
2005 Kashmir earthquake
On October 8, 2005, an earthquake of magnitude 7. The 2005 Kashmir Earthquake (also known as the South Asian earthquake or the Great Pakistan earthquake) was a major earthquake centred in Azad Kashmir 6 occurred near Muzaffarabad, Kashmir, Pakistan killing at least 60,000 people, and leaving more than 2. Muzaffarabad is the capital of the Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir. The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK) or simply Azad Kashmir (literally "free Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and 5 million homeless.
See also
- Indian subcontinent
- Convergent boundary
- Geology of India
- List of tectonic plates
- List of tectonic plate interactions
- Paleogeography
- Plate tectonics
Notes
External links
- The collision of India and Asia (90 mya — present), by Christopher R. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. In Plate tectonics, a convergent boundary – also known as a convergent plate boundary or a destructive plate boundary – is an actively deforming region The geological history of India started with the geological evolution of rest of the Earth i This is a list of tectonic plates on Earth Tectonic plates are pieces of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle together referred to as the Lithosphere See Plate tectonics for a more complete discussion Tectonic plate interactions are of three different basic types Divergent boundaries Palaeogeography (sometimes spelled paleogeography) is the study of what the Geography was in times past Plate tectonics (from Greek τέκτων tektōn "builder" or "mason" describes the large scale motions of Earth 's Lithosphere Scotese, from the Paleomap Project. Retrieved December 28, 2004.
- Magnitude 9.0 off W coast of northern Sumatra Sunday, December 26, 2004 at 00:58:49 UTC: Preliminary earthquake report, from the U.S. Geological Survey. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Retrieved December 28, 2004.
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