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This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. For British Indian Army, see British Indian Army. See Indian Army for the post-independence (and post- partition) army of the Republic of India. For Indian National Army, see Indian National Army. The Indian National Army ( INA) or Azad Hind Fauj ( Hindi: आज़ाद हिन्द फ़ौज was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists
Indian Army
Flag of the Indian Army
Headquarters
New Delhi
History and traditions
Indian military history
British Indian Army
Indian National Army
Army Day (15th January)
Equipment
Equipment of the Indian Army
Components
Regiments
Personnel
Chief of Army Staff
Ranks and insignia

The Indian Army is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based military operations. New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. India has a long military history dating back several millennia See Indian Army for the post-independence (and post- partition) army of the Republic of India. The Indian National Army ( INA) or Azad Hind Fauj ( Hindi: आज़ाद हिन्द फ़ौज was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists Army Day is celebrated on January 15 every year in India, in recognition of Lieutenant General (later Field Marshal) K This is a list of some of the modern & historical equipment used by Indian Army Regiments of the Indian Army: Indian Army Regiments Infantry Regiments (29 Brigade of the Guards The Parachute The Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army (COAS is the highest post in the Indian Army. The following graphs presents the officer ranks of the Indian army. Organization and command structure The headquarters of the Indian Armed Forces is in New Delhi, the capital city. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces Its primary objectives include maintaining the peace and security of the country, patrolling the borders and conducting counter-terrorist operations. It also conducts rescue and humanitarian operations during calamities and disturbances, and has frequently been called upon to maintain the internal security of the country.

The Indian Army has a total troop strength of around 2. 5 million (1. 3 million active and 1. 2 million reserve) and is the second largest standing army in the world. A standing army is an Army composed of full time career Soldiers who 'stand over' in other words who do not disband during times of peace It is a completely voluntary service - the military draft never having been imposed in India. Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority Indian Army is one of the major contributors to various United Nation missions. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The army has rich combat experience in diverse terrains, considering India's diversity on this front, and also has a distinguished history of serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is "a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace

The force is headed by the Chief of Army Staff, currently General Deepak Kapoor. The Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army (COAS is the highest post in the Indian Army. General Deepak Kapoor PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC SM is the 23rd and present Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, appointed on The highest rank in the Indian Army is Field Marshal, but it is an honorary rank[1] and appointments are made by the President of India - on the advice of the Union Cabinet of Ministers - only in exceptional circumstances. Field Marshal is the highest possible rank in the military of India. The President of India or Rashtrapati ( Hindi: राष्ट्रपति a Sanskrit Neologism, lit General S.H.F.J. Manekshaw and the late General K.M. Cariappa are the only two officers to have attained this rank. Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji "Sam Bahadur" Jamshedji Manekshaw MC (April 3 1914 &ndash June 27 2008 was an Indian Army officer Field Marshal Kodandera "Kipper" Madappa Cariappa ( Kodava Kannada: ಕೊದಂಡೇರ ಮಾದಪ್ಪ ಕರಿಯಪ್ಪ) Though a Field Marshal is an honorary rank, the officer is held to 'never retire'. and are entitled to uniform and flag as applicable to serving (active duty) officers throughout life.

Contents

Role

The Indian Army doctrine defines the role of the Indian Army as - "The Indian Army is the land component of the Indian Armed Forces which exist to uphold the ideals of the Constitution of India. As a major component of national power, along with the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force, the roles of the Indian Army are as follows :-

History

Main article: Military history of India
Indian Armed Forces
Emblem of India
Emblem
Triservices Crest
Triservices Crest. India has a long military history dating back several millennia Organization and command structure The headquarters of the Indian Armed Forces is in New Delhi, the capital city. The Emblem of India is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
Military Man Power
Total armed forces 2,414,700 (Ranked 3rd)
Active troops 1,414,000 (Ranked 3rd)
Total troops 3,773,300 (Ranked 6th)
Paramilitary forces 1,089,700
Components
Indian Army
Indian Air Force
Indian Navy
Indian Coast Guard
Paramilitary forces of India
Strategic Nuclear Command
History
Military history of India
Ranks
Air Force ranks and insignia of India
Army ranks and insignia of India
Naval ranks and insignia of India
This article deals with the modern day Indian Army. This list of countries by size of armed forces displays national troop levels by active troop strength number of Naval combatants fighter aircraft and Nuclear weapons. This is a list of countries sorted by the total number of active troops where the military manpower of a country is measured by the total amount of active troops within the command This is a list of countries sorted by the number of total troops within the command of that country including reserve forces that can aid a depleted active military and/or paramilitary The Indian Air Force (Devanāgarī भारतीय वायु सेना IAST Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. The Indian Coast Guard is the fourth service created to guard Republic of India 's vast Coastline. The Paramilitary forces of India are those agencies of the Ministry of Defence or the Ministry of Home Affairs which act as armed forces auxiliaries and are considered The Nuclear Command Authority (NCA of India is the nodal agency for all command control and operational decisions regarding India's nuclear weapon stockpile India has a long military history dating back several millennia The following graphs presents the officer ranks of the Indian Air Force. The following graphs presents the officer ranks of the Indian army. The following graphs presents the officer ranks of the Indian navy. For the army before Independence in 1947, please see British Indian Army, Indian National Army. The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant See Indian Army for the post-independence (and post- partition) army of the Republic of India. The Indian National Army ( INA) or Azad Hind Fauj ( Hindi: आज़ाद हिन्द फ़ौज was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists

Upon India gaining independence in 1947, the British Indian Army was divided into two parts to serve the newly created nations of Union of India and Islamic Republic of Pakistan. See Indian Army for the post-independence (and post- partition) army of the Republic of India. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Most units went to India, four Gurkha regiments were transferred to the British Army, and the rest of the Gurkha regiments went to India. Prithvi Naraya Shahdev and Sri Teen Maharaja Jung Bahadur The Way of Sacrifice The Rajputs Pages 28-30 Graduate Thesis South Asian Studies Department Dr

The First Kashmir War

Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1947

Almost immediately after independence, tensions between India and Pakistan began to boil over. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, sometimes known as the First Kashmir War, was fought between India and Pakistan over the region of Kashmir from And the first of three full-scale wars between the two nations broke out over the then princely state of Kashmir. For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir Upon the Maharaja of Kashmir's reluctance to accede to either India or Pakistan, an impatient Pakistan sponsored a 'tribal' invasion of parts of Kashmir. The men are alleged by India to have also included Pakistan army regulars. Soon after, Pakistan sent in its troops to annex the state. The Maharaja, Hari Singh, appealed to India, and to Lord Mountbatten -- the Governor General -- for help, but it was pointed out to him that India saw no reason to do so. Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, He signed the Instrument of Accession and Kashmir unilaterally acceded to India (a decision ratified by Britain but never accepted by Pakistan). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Immediately after, Indian troops were airlifted into Srinagar and repelled the invaders. This contingent included General Thimayya who distinguished himself in the operation and in the later years became a Chief of the Indian Army. Kodendera Subayya Thimayya ( Kodava Kannada: ಕೊದಂಡೇರ ಸುಬ್ಬಯ್ಯ ತಿಮ್ಮಯ್ಯ) DSO, was born in Madikeri An intense war was waged across the state and former comrades found themselves fighting each other. Both sides made some territorial gains and also suffered significant losses

An uneasy UN sponsored peace returned by the end of 1948 with Indian and Pakistani soldiers facing each other directly on the Line of Control, which has since divided Indian from Pakistani-held Kashmir. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Names Specifically the term "Line of Control" (LOC refers to the military control line between the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of the former princely state Tensions between India and Pakistan, largely over Kashmir, have never since been entirely eliminated.

Indian Army participation in UN peace-keeping operations

Presently, the Indian army has dedicated one brigade of troops to the UN's standby arrangements. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The large number of sustained troop commitments India has come in for much praise for taking part in difficult operations for prolonged periods.

The Indian Army has participated in several UN peace-keeping operations, including the ones in Angola, Cambodia, Cyprus, Congo, El Salvador, Namibia, Lebanon, Liberia, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia & Vietnam. Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is "a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa The Republic of Rwanda (ruːˈændə or /rəˈwɑːndə/ in English ɾwanda or in Kinyarwanda is a small Landlocked country in the Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The army also provided a paramedical unit to facilitate the withdrawal of the sick and wounded in Korea. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the

Indian Army soldiers arrive in Korea in September 1953 for peacekeeping along the neutral buffer zone
Indian Army soldiers arrive in Korea in September 1953 for peacekeeping along the neutral buffer zone

Liberation of Hyderabad, 1948

Main article: Operation Polo

After the partition of India, the State of Hyderabad, a princely-state under the rule of a Nizam, chose to remain independent. The 1948 Invasion of Hyderabad also termed as “Hyderabad Police Action” and code-named “Operation Polo” by the Indian military was the Indian armed forces action that ended the rule India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Hyderābād and Berar (హైదరాబాదు حیدر آباد under the Nizams was the largest Princely state in the erstwhile Indian Empire Nizam ( Urdu: نظام‌) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظام‌الملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was The Nizam, refused to accede his state to the Union of India. Nizam ( Urdu: نظام‌) a shortened version of Nizam-ul-Mulk ( Urdu: نظام‌الملک) meaning Administrator of the Realm, was The following stand-off between the Government of India and the Nizam ended on 12 September 1948 when India's then deputy-Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhai Patel ordered Indian troops to secure the state. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Vallabhbhai Patel (વલ્લભભાઈ પટેલ IPA:) (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950 was a political and social leader of India who played Hyderābād and Berar (హైదరాబాదు حیدر آباد under the Nizams was the largest Princely state in the erstwhile Indian Empire Within 5 days of intense fighting, the Indian Army, backed by the Indian Air Force, successfully defeated Hyderabad State forces. The Indian Air Force (Devanāgarī भारतीय वायु सेना IAST Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the The following day, the State of Hyderabad was proclaimed as a part of the Union of India. Hyderābād and Berar (హైదరాబాదు حیدر آباد under the Nizams was the largest Princely state in the erstwhile Indian Empire Major General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri, who led the Operation Polo was appointed the Military Governor of Hyderabad (1948-1949) to restore law and order. General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri OBE ( June 10, 1908 &ndash April 6, 1983) was Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army The 1948 Invasion of Hyderabad also termed as “Hyderabad Police Action” and code-named “Operation Polo” by the Indian military was the Indian armed forces action that ended the rule

Goa, Daman and Diu Operation (1961)

Even though the British and French vacated all their colonial possessions in the Indian subcontinent, Goa, Daman and Diu remained under Portuguese control. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Daman and Diu ( Gujarati: દમણ અને દિવ Marathi: दमण आणि दीव Portuguese: Damão e Diu is a Union territory Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. In 1961, after repeated Portuguese refusals to negotiate towards leaving, New Delhi launched Operation Vijay and ordered a small contingent of its troops to invade the Portuguese territories and secure them. New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. Unable to withstand the assault, Portugal signed a truce with India and gave up its control over the small territories, which formally became part of the Indian Union. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

The Sino-Indian Conflict- 1962

Main article: Sino-Indian War

Since 1959 Indian Police posts had been pushed forward into territory claimed by the Chinese Government. The Sino-Indian War ( Hindi: भारत-चीन युद्ध Bhārat-Chīn Yuddh) also known as the Sino-Indian Border Conflict, was a war between Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Small scale clashes broke out as India insisted the border ran along the "traditional" watershed, in effect the McMahon Line, which China disputed. The McMahon Line is a Demarcation line drawn on map referred to the Simla Convention, a treaty between Britain and Tibet signed in 1914 In 1962 Indian soldiers were ordered to move to the Thagla ridge near the border between Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh, which formed part of the watershed, but was some three miles (5 km) to the north of the McMahon line. Arunachal Pradesh (अरुणाचल प्रदेश   Aruṇācal Pradeś is the easternmost state of India Tensions rose further when New Delhi discovered that the Chinese had constructed a road through Aksai Chin which India claimed. New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. In September 1962 Chinese troops made a surprising attack on the Indian soldiers from the ridge. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China. On October 12, Nehru gave orders for the Chinese to be expelled from Aksai Chin. On October 20, Chinese soldiers attacked India in both the North-West and North-East parts of the border, entering the disputed Aksai Chin region along with Arunachal Pradesh in numbers. Arunachal Pradesh (अरुणाचल प्रदेश   Aruṇācal Pradeś is the easternmost state of India China then called on the Indian government to negotiate. With no peaceful agreement between the two countries, China unilaterally withdrew their troops from the territory they had occupied. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The reasons for the withdrawal are disputed with India claiming logistical problems and diplomatic support from the US and China stating that it was returning to the borders that it had staked its diplomatic claim. The dividing line between the Indian and Chinese forces was christened the Line of Actual Control. The Line of Actual Control (LAC is the effective border between India and China. A review committee was soon set up by the Indian government to determine the causes for India's defeat. The report apparently faulted much of India's armed forces command and especially the executive government for failures on several fronts. The major reason for defeat was low deployment of troops on the China Border and that the executive did not involve the Indian Air Force to oppose the Chinese aggression and transport lines out of fear of Chinese aerial reprisals on Indian civilian targets. As a result the Chinese victory was more due to sheer numerical superiority rather than military superiority. The Ministry of Defence at the time of the war was headed by the then defence minister Krishna Menon. Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon ( 3 May 1897 - 6 October 1974) was an Indian nationalist and politician Despite frequent calls for its release this Henderson-Brooks Committee report still remains classified.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Pakistani Patton M-47 tanks, captured during the Battle of Asal Uttar, on display near Bhikhiwind
Pakistani Patton M-47 tanks, captured during the Battle of Asal Uttar, on display near Bhikhiwind

A second confrontation with Pakistan took stand in 1965, largely over Kashmir. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of Skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between India and Pakistan. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhikhiwind is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Amritsar district in the state of Punjab This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir Pakistani President Chief Marshal Ayub Khan launched Operation Gibraltar in August 1965, believing an Indian leadership still recovering from the 1962 war with China would be unable to deal effectively with such a military thrust. Field Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan ( Urdu / Pashto: محمد ايوب خان GCMG, MBE, HJ, NPk, ( May 14 Operation Gibraltar was the name given to the failed plan by Pakistan to infiltrate the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region in north-western India and The Sino-Indian War ( Hindi: भारत-चीन युद्ध Bhārat-Chīn Yuddh) also known as the Sino-Indian Border Conflict, was a war between It proved to be a serious miscalculation for Ayub, who had also banked on intelligence reports claiming that the people of Kashmir would aid the Pakistani war effort. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir No such rebellion occurred and India responded almost immediately with armoured regiments being deployed to both counter enemy intrusions and strike across the border. Rebellion is a refusal of obedienceIt may therefore be seen as encompassing a range of Behaviours from Civil disobedience and mass Nonviolent resistance Pakistan launched Operation Grand Slam on September 1, invading the Chamb-Jaurian sector. Operation Grand Slam is virtually synonymous with the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War. In retaliation, the Indian Army's 15th Infantry Division crossed the International Border on the Western Front on September 6.

Initially, the Indian Army met with considerable success in the northern sector. After launching prolonged artillery barrages against Pakistan, India was able to capture three important mountain positions in Kashmir. Indian Army had made considerable in road into Pakistan. India had its largest haul of Pakistani tanks when the offensive of Pakistan's 1 Armoured Division was blunted at the Battle of Asal Uttar on September 10th. The Battle of Asal Uttar ( Hindi: Battle of Fitting Reply) was one of the most decisive battles fought during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Six Pakistani Armoured Regiments took part in the battle, namely the 19 Lancers (Patton), 12 Cavalry (Chafee), 24 Cavalry (Patton) 4 Cavalry (Patton), 5 Horse (Patton) and 6 Lancers (Patton). These were opposed by three Indian Armoured Regiments with inferior tanks, Deccan Horse (Sherman), 3 Cavalry (Centurion) and 8 Cavalry (AMX). The battle was so fierce and intense that at the end of the war, the Fourth Indian Division had captured about 97 tanks in destroyed / damaged or intact condition. This included 72 Patton tanks and 25 Chafees and Shermans. 32 of the 97 tanks, including 28 Pattons, were in running condition. Indian losses in Khem Karan were 32 tanks. Roughly about fifteen of them were captured by the Pakistan Army, mostly Sherman tanks.

By the end of the war, it was estimated that Pakistan lost nearly 300 tanks destroyed. India had more than 150 tanks in its hands as war trophies and it is not unsafe to assume that more tanks were destroyed, that were in Pakistani territory, both by army as well as air action. Indian losses were less than half at 128 tanks destroyed. About 40 tanks would have fallen into Pakistani hands, most of them vintage AMX-13s from Chamb and Shermans from Khem Karan. Ceasefire was declared on September 23 was followed by talks in Tashkent (brokered by the Soviet Union), where Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and Ayub Khan agreed to withdraw to virtually all pre-war positions. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Lal Bahadur Shastri ( Hindi लालबहादुर शास्त्री (2 October 1904 - 11 January 1966 was the third (second and acting being Gulzarilal Nanda Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri died in mysterious circumstances in Tashkent, hours after signing the deal. Lal Bahadur Shastri ( Hindi लालबहादुर शास्त्री (2 October 1904 - 11 January 1966 was the third (second and acting being Gulzarilal Nanda This gives rise to conspiracy theories as India was in advantageous position after declaration of ceasefire.

Bangladesh Liberation War-1971

Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Lt. Gen A. A. K. Niazi signs the instrument of surrender on December 16, surrendering his forces to Lt. Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora.
Lt. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a major military conflict between India and Pakistan. Gen A. A. K. Niazi signs the instrument of surrender on December 16, surrendering his forces to Lt. Lieutenant General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi HJ, MC (1915 - 2 February 2004 was a general officer of the Pakistan Army. The Instrument of Surrender was signed at Ramna Race Course in Dhaka at 16 Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora. Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora ( February 13, 1916 May 3, 2005) was the commander of the Indian army in the Eastern front in
T-72 in an exercise
T-72 in an exercise

In 1971, rebellion broke out in East Pakistan, and India was forced to intervene as an estimated 10 million Bangladeshi refugees fled to India. East Pakistan ( Bengali: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান Purbo Pakistan, Urdu: مشرقی پاکستان Mashriqi Pakistan) was India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Unlike the 1965 war, this time decisive change was effected. The Indian Army went into East Pakistan and effected a surrender of the Pakistani Army deployed there. East Pakistan broke away with Indian intervention and became the independent state of Bangladesh. East Pakistan ( Bengali: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান Purbo Pakistan, Urdu: مشرقی پاکستان Mashriqi Pakistan) was ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially This was of great help to India, since it no longer had to worry about a two-front war and could concentrate its combat firepower against what had been West Pakistan and the PRC. Under the command of Lt General J.S Aurora of Indian Army and General M. Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora ( February 13, 1916 May 3, 2005) was the commander of the Indian army in the Eastern front in A. G Osmani of Bangladesh Mukti Bahini, the joint forces (Mitro Bahini) achieved a decisive victory over Pakistan in 1971, taking over 90,000 prisoners of war (38,000 Armed forces personnel and 52,000 civilians of West Pakistani origin) in the Bangladesh liberation war. Mukti Bahini (মুক্তি বাহিনী "Liberation Army" also termed as the "Freedom Fighters" or FFs collectively refers to the armed organizations Mitro Bahini ( Bangla: মিত্রবাহিনী ( Allied forces in Bangla) was the alliance of the Indian Army and the Mukti Bahini Even on the western front, the Indian Army was successful in blocking Pakistan's invasion attempts (see Battle of Longewala) and counter attacked by capturing more than 2,000 sq. The Battle of Longewala December 5 - December 6 1971 was one of the first major engagements in the Western Sector during the miles of Pakistani-held territory.

After 1971, tensions between India and Pakistan simmered, periodically threatening to break out into full-scale war, most notably in 1999 and 2002 in recent years. The 1998 tests of Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapons are seen by many commentators as acting as a restraining influence on both sides. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Now that each can destroy the other in a war, according to the theory of deterrence, they are less likely to let tensions escalate.

See also: Battle of Longewala, Battle of Hilli, and Battle of Basantar

Siachen

Main article: Siachen conflict

Since the mid 1980s there has been an ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan at Siachen Glacier. The Battle of Longewala December 5 - December 6 1971 was one of the first major engagements in the Western Sector during the The Battle of Hilli or the Battle of Bogra was a major battle fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation War. The Battle of Basantar or the Battle of Barapind ( December 4 - December 16, 1971) was one of the vital battles fought as part of the Indo-Pakistani see also Siachen Glacier The Siachen Conflict, sometimes referred to as The Siachen War was a military conflict between India and Pakistan see Siachen conflict for the military conflict over this area The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalaya Considered the world's highest battleground the battle is over differences in where the boundary is in this remote snowbound region. In 1987, 23rd September, a battle which went unreported in many quarters when 8 soldiers of the Indian Army, successfully defended & repulsed an attack & inflicated heavy casualties on Pakistani forces. In this battle 3 Indian soliders were killed including Subedar Naik Raj(commander of the post). Reports indicated the Pakistani lost approximately 800 of its Special forces soldiers & Northern light infantry. The attack continued till 25th September. The attack was launched as a reply to the Indians who captured the Quaid post(now known Bana Post after Subedar Bana who lead the successful assault on it). But, it was just the opposite, to what Pakistani's expected. The post was located at 22,000 feet (6,700 m) at siachen & temperature at -40 degrees Celsius. Since 2006 both countries have been involved in discussions to resolve the confrontation, the root cause of which is the differing perception of where that actual boundary line from Siachen and beyond lies. The talks have been stuck over the Indian side wanting current positions being mapped before a cease fire and the Pakistani side not being agreeable to this.

Counter-insurgency activities

The Indian Army has played a crucial role in the past in fighting insurgents and terrorists in the nation. An insurgency is a violent internal uprising against a sovereign government that lacks the organization of a revolution Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion The army launched Operation Bluestar and Operation Woodrose in the 1980s to combat Sikh insurgents. Operation Blue Star ( ਬਿਲਯੂ ਸਟਾਰ, बिल्यू स्टार) ( June 3 to June 6, 1984) was an Indian military operation Operation Bluestar was followed by the expansion of the ambit of the Indian Army 's operation in Punjab (India. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. The army, along with some paramilitary forces, has the prime responsibility of maintaining law and order in the troubled Jammu and Kashmir region. The Paramilitary forces of India are those agencies of the Ministry of Defence or the Ministry of Home Affairs which act as armed forces auxiliaries and are considered In Politics, law and order refers to a political platform which supports a strict Criminal justice system especially in relation to Violent crime ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. The Indian Army also sent a contingent to Sri Lanka in 1987 as a part of the Indian Peace Keeping Force

The Kargil Operation in 1999

Main article: Kargil War
Indian Army convoy near Poonch in Jammu and Kashmir.
Indian Army convoy near Poonch in Jammu and Kashmir. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Indian Peace Keeping Force ( IPKF; Hindi: भारतीय शान्ति सेना was the Indian military contingent performing a Peacekeeping Kargil ( Hindi: कारगील; kərɡɪl is a district of Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July

In mid 1999, Kashmiri insurgents and Pakistan military personnel took control of some deserted, but strategic, Himalayan heights in Indian-administered Kashmir. Violence in Kashmir has existed in various forms mainly in Jammu and Kashmir, the Indian side of the disputed territory The Pakistan Armed Forces ( Urdu: پاک عسکری) are the overall unified military forces of Pakistan ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. These had either been vacated by the Indian army during the onset of inhospitable winter and were supposed to come back in spring. The 'Mujahideen' with the help of Pakistani army took control of several key areas before the military personnel would have occupied it. Some of such heights overlooking the vital Srinagar-Leh highway, Batalik, Dras and the strategic Tiger Hill. Srinagar ( Dogri: श्रीनगर Urdu: سرینگر Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر श्रीनगर is the capital of the disputed state Leh ( was the capital of the Himalayan kingdom of Ladakh, now the Leh District in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India Batalik is a part of Indian Administered Kashmir which has been the centre of all Indo-Pakistani wars. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Drass is a tiny town in the Kargil District of Jammu and Kashmir, India. On further verification ,it was found out that the invaders were mainly part of the Pakistani army . These invaders had their Pakistan army ID which supported these findings.

Meanwhile, the Indian Navy also readied itself for an attempted blockade of Pakistani ports to cut off supply routes. The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Later, the then-Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif disclosed that Pakistan was left with just six days of fuel to sustain itself if a full-fledged war had broken out. The Prime Minister of Pakistan, in Urdu وزیر اعظم Wazir-e- Azam meaning "Grand Minister", is the Head of Government Many believed that Pakistan would employ a nuclear strike. President Clinton asked for “a full and complete withdrawal without pre-conditions” from Kargil and also warned him that “there could be no quid pro quo, no hint that America was rewarding Pakistan for its aggression, nor for threatening its nuclear arsenal at India. Finding Pakistan isolated internationally Nawaz Sharif requested US President Bill Clinton to stop the Indian counter attack. Washington wanted Pakistan to admit its transgression and withdraw behind the LoC. [3]

Two months into the conflict, Indian troops had slowly regained virtually all lost territories. Heavy damage was inflicted on Pakistani's army, particularly its Northern light infantry. [4] Following the Washington accord on July 4, where Sharif agreed to withdraw the Pakistan-backed troops, most of the fighting came to a gradual halt. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples However, some of the militants still holed up did not wish to retreat, and the United Jihad Council - an umbrella for fifteen jihadi groups operating in Kashmir - rejected Nawaz Sharif's plan for a climb-down, instead deciding to fight on. For other meanings see Withdrawal (disambiguation. A withdrawal is a type of Military operation, generally meaning retreating Also known as the Muttahida Jihad Council (MJC this is a group created in the summer of 1994 by Pakistan 's Inter Services Intelligence. Jihad (جهاد ʤɪhæːd an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. [5] Following this, the Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the last of these "Jihadists" in the Drass subsector had been cleared, the fighting ceased on July 26. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, India had resumed control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in December 1972 as per the Shimla Accord. The Simla Agreement was signed between India and Pakistan at 1240am on July 3, 1972.

Major Exercises

Operation Parakram

Main article: 2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoff
T-72 Ajeya during an exercise. The ERA bricks are visible
T-72 Ajeya during an exercise. The ERA bricks are visible

After the December 13, 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament, Operation Parakram was launched in which tens of thousands of Indian troops were deployed along the Indo-Pakistan border. Reactive armour is a type of Vehicle armour that reacts in some way to the impact of a weapon to reduce the damage done to the vehicle being protected Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Parliament of India (or Sansad) is the federal and supreme Legislative body of India. India blamed Pakistan for backing the attack. The operation was the largest military exercise carried out by any Asian country. Its prime objective is still unclear but appears to have been to prepare the army for any future nuclear conflict with Pakistan, which seemed increasingly possible after the December attack on the Indian parliament.

Operation Sanghe Shakti

It has since been stated that the main goal of this exercise was to validate mobilisation strategies of the Ambala-based II Strike Corps. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ambala ( Hindi: अम्बाला Punjabi ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a city and a Air support was a part of this exercise, and an entire battalion of paratroops was paradropped during the conduct of the war games, with allied equipment. Some 20,000 soldiers took part in the exercise.

Exercise Ashwamedha

Indian Army tested its network centric warfare capabilities in the exercise Ashwamedha. The exercise was held in the Thar desert, in which 25,000 troops participated. [6]. Asymmetric warfare capability was also tested by the Indian Army during the exercise. [7]

Structure of the Indian Army

Initially, the army's main objective was to defend the nation's frontiers. However, over the years, the army has also taken up the responsibility of providing internal security, especially in insurgent-hit Kashmir and north-east. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city

The army has a strength of about a million troops and fields 34 divisions. Its headquarters is located in the Indian capital New Delhi and it is under the overall command of the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), currently General Deepak Kapoor. New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. The Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army (COAS is the highest post in the Indian Army. General Deepak Kapoor PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC SM is the 23rd and present Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, appointed on

Commands

The army operates 6 tactical commands and one training command known as ARTRAC. Each command is headed by General Officer Commanding-in-Chief with the rank of Lieutenant General. Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the Each command is directly affiliated to the Army HQ in New Delhi. New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. These commands are given below in their correct order of raising, location (city) and their commanders.

Command Location GOC-in-C
Southern Command Pune Gen Gagan Deep Ganna Pind
Eastern Command Kolkata Lt. Pune (ˈpuːneɪ Marathi: पुणे Hindi: पूना formerly Poona, is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra Gen. V K Singh
Central Command Lucknow Lt. Lucknow is also a mansion in New Hampshire Lucknow ( लखनऊ لکھنؤ Lakhnaū) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh Gen. H S Panag
Western Command Chandimandir (Chandigarh) Lt. Chandimandir Cantonment is a Cantonment of the Indian Army located in Panchkula districtat the foothills of the Shivaliks adjoining Panchkula city Chandigarh ( ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ, चंडीगढ़) also called The City Beautiful Gen. TK Sapru
Northern Command Udhampur Lt. Udhampur is a city and a Municipal council in Udhampur District in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Gen. P K Bhardwaj
ARTRAC Shimla Lt. Shimla [ʃɪmla] ( Hindi: शिमला originally called Simla, is a city in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh Gen. J K Mohanty
South Western Command Jaipur Lt. Jaipur ( Hindi: जयपुर also popularly known as the Pink City, is the capital of Rajasthan state, India. Gen. P K Singh

Corps

Field formation

A Corps is an army field formation responsible for a sector within a Command. This article is about a military unit For alternative meanings see Corps (disambiguation. There are 3 types of Corps in the Indian Army: Strike, Holding & Mixed. A Command generally consists of 2 or more Corps. A corps has Army Divisions under its command. The Corps HQ is the highest field formation in the army.

Corps Head Quarter Command General Officer Commanding (GOC) Divisions[8]
1 Corps Mathura, Uttar Pradesh Central Command Lt. For the First World War corps see I Corps (British India I Corps is a military field formation of the Indian Army, created since independence in 1947 Mathura ( IAST mathurā)( Hindi: मथुरा is a holy City in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Gen. P. C. Katoch 4 Inf Div (Allahabad), 6 Mtn Div (Bareilly), 33 Armd Div (Hissar)
2 Corps Ambala, Haryana Western Command Lt. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ambala ( Hindi: अम्बाला Punjabi ਅੰਬਾਲਾ) is a city and a Haryana (हरियाणा Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ hərɪjaːɳaː is a state in northern India. Gen. JP Singh, AVSM 1 Armd Div (Ambala), 14 RAPID (Dehradun), 22 Inf Div (Meerut)
3 Corps Rangapahar (Dimapur), Nagaland Eastern Command Lt. The British Indian Army III Corps was formed in Mesopotamia during the First World War. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dimapur (दीमापुर is the main commercial hub and one of the three municipalities in the state of Nagaland ( Hindi: नागालैंड is a hill state located in the far north-eastern part of India. Gen. M S Dadwal 23 Inf Div (Ranchi), 57 Mtn Div (Silchar)
4 Corps Tezpur, Assam Eastern Command Lt. The Indian IV Corps has a long history The Corps HQ was originally a British formation created during World War I. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tezpur is a city and a Municipal board in Sonitpur in the Indian state Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city Gen. R K Chhabra 2 Mtn Div (Dibrugarh), 5 Mtn Div (Bombdila), 21 Mtn Div (Rangia)
9 Corps Yol , Himachal Pradesh Western Command Lt. Gen. P K Rampal 26 Inf Div (Jammu), 29 Inf Div (Pathankot), 2,3,16 Ind Armd Bdes
10 Corps Bhatinda, Punjab Western Command Lt. Bathinda (ਬਠਿੰਡਾ is one of the oldest cities in Punjab and the current administrative headquarters of Bathinda District. Gen. Narinder Singh Brar, AVSM, VSM 16 Inf Div (Sri Ganganagar), 18 RAPID (Kota), 24 RAPID (Bikaner), 6 Ind Armd Bde
11 Corps Jalandhar, Punjab Western Command Lt. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jalandhar (ਜਲੰਧਰ Hindi:) previously known as Jullundur, is an ancient Gen. Shreedharan Shyam Kumar, SM, VSM 7 Inf Div (Ferozepur), 9 Inf Div (Meerut), 15 Inf Div (Amritsar), 23 Armd Bde, 55 Mech Bde
12 Corps Jodhpur, Rajasthan South Western Command 4 Armd Bde, 340 Mech Bde, 11 Inf Div (Ahemdabad), 12 Inf Division (Jodhpur)
14 Corps Leh, Ladakh Northern Command Lt. Jodhpur (जोधपुर is the second largest City in the Indian State of Rajasthan. Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area Jodhpur (जोधपुर is the second largest City in the Indian State of Rajasthan. Leh ( was the capital of the Himalayan kingdom of Ladakh, now the Leh District in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India Ladakh ( Ladakhi lad̪ɑks लदाख لدّاخ "land of high passes" is a region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir between Gen. Jayanta Kumar Mohanty 3 Inf Div (Leh), 8 Mtn Div (Dras),[9] artillery brigade
15 Corps Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir Northern Command Lt. Leh ( was the capital of the Himalayan kingdom of Ladakh, now the Leh District in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India The 8th Indian Infantry Division is a division of the Indian Army which specialised in tactics and operations in mountainous territory WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Drass is a tiny town in the Kargil District of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Srinagar ( Dogri: श्रीनगर Urdu: سرینگر Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر श्रीनगर is the capital of the disputed state ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. Gen. Amarjeet Singh Sekhon 19 Inf Div (Baramulla), 28 Inf Div (Gurais), artillery brigade
16 Corps Nagrota, Jammu & Kashmir Northern Command 10 Inf Div (Akhnur),[10] 25 Inf Div (Rajouri), 39 Inf Div (Yol), artillery brigade, armoured brigade?
21 Corps(ex IPKF) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Southern Command Lt. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Baramulla is a town in the Baramulla District in the Kashmir valley about 60 km from the state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rajouri is a town and a notified area committee in Rajouri district in the Indian state Yol ( Turkish for "The Road" or "The Way" is a 1982 Turkish film. Indian Peace Keeping Force ( IPKF; Hindi: भारतीय शान्ति सेना was the Indian military contingent performing a Peacekeeping Bhopāl ( Hindi: भोपाल bʰoːpɑːl, Marathi -भोपाळ is a city in central India. Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) ( Hindī: मध्य प्रदेश pronounced, Translation: Middle Province) often Gen. Pradeep Khanna 31 Armd Div (Jhansi), 36 RAPID (Sagor), 54 Inf Div (Sikandrabad), arty, AD, eng bdes
33 Corps Siliguri, West Bengal Eastern Command Lt. Jhansi ( Urdu: جھانسی Hindi: झांसी Marathi:झाशी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sikandrabad is a city and a Municipal board in Bulandshahr district in the Indian The Indian XXXIII Corps was part of Fourteenth Army of the British Indian Army during World War II. Siliguri (শিলিগুড়ি ''Shiliguṛi'') is a rapidly developing metropolis in the Indian state of West Bengal. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. Gen. C K S Sabu 17 Mtn Div (Gangtok), 20 Mtn Div (Binaguri), 27 Mtn Div (Kalimpong), arty bde

Arms

In addition to this (not to be confused with the Field Corps mentioned above) are the Corps or Arms (Departmental) of the Indian Army. The corps mentioned below are the functional divisions entrusted with specific pan-Army tasks.

Combat and Support Arms
  1. Indian Infantry Regiments
  2. Armoured Corps Regiments - The Armoured Corps School and Centre is at Ahmednagar. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ahmednagar (Marathi/Hindi अहमदनगर Urdu عحمدناگار is a city of Ahmednagar District
  3. Regiment of Artillery - The School of Artillery is at Devlali near Nasik. Devlali ( Deolali) is a small hill station town in Nashik district Maharashtra. http//wwwmapsofindiacom/maps/maharashtra/roads/nashik_roadjpg Nashik (नाशिक
  4. Corps of Engineers - Centers at Bangalore,Roorkee, Pune. The Indian Army Corps of Engineers consists of three major constituents namely Combat Engineers MES (Military Engineer Service and Border Roads Organisation Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Roorkee (रुड़की is a town and a Municipal council in the Indian state Pune (ˈpuːneɪ Marathi: पुणे Hindi: पूना formerly Poona, is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra
  5. Regiment of Air Defence Artillery - Center at Gopalpur in Orissa State. Gopalpur may refer to Gopalpur Bangladesh Gopalpur India Gopalpur Nepal Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal.
  6. Mechanised Infantry - Regimental Center at Ahmednagar. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ahmednagar (Marathi/Hindi अहमदनगर Urdu عحمدناگار is a city of Ahmednagar District
  7. Corps of Signals
  8. Army Aviation Corps

Services

  1. Army Dental Corps
  2. Army Education Corps - Center at Pachmarhi. Pachmarhi is a Hill station in Madhya Pradesh state of central India.
  3. Army Medical Corps - Center at Lucknow. The Army Medical Department of the US Army, known as the AMEDD, comprises the six medical Special Branches of the Army Lucknow is also a mansion in New Hampshire Lucknow ( लखनऊ لکھنؤ Lakhnaū) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh
  4. Army Ordnance Corps - Centers at Jabalpur andSecunderabad. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jabalpur (lang-hi|जबलपुर}} is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Secunderabad ( Telugu:సికింద్రాబాద్)is
  5. Army Postal Service Corps
  6. Army Service Corps - Center at Bangalore
  7. Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers- Centers at Bhopal and Secunderabad . Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Secunderabad ( Telugu:సికింద్రాబాద్)is
  8. Corps of Military Police [1] - Center at Bangalore
  9. Intelligence Corps - Center at Pune. Pune (ˈpuːneɪ Marathi: पुणे Hindi: पूना formerly Poona, is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra
  10. Judge Advocate General's Deptt. - Institute of Military Law kamptee,Nagpur. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kamthi (previously spelled Kamptee) is a city and a Municipal council in Nagpur district Nāgpur ( Marathi: नागपुर is the largest city in central India (2001 Census and the second capital of the state of Maharashtra.
  11. Military Farms Service
  12. Military Nursing Service
  13. Remount and Veterinary Corps
  14. Pioneer Corps

Paramilitary forces of India

These arms comprises a sizable number of Army personnel under deputation. The director generals for these arms reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs, rather than Ministry of Defence except for BRO where the DG reports to Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways.

Other Field Formations

  • Division: An Army Division is an intermediate between a Corps and a Brigade. The Rashtriya Rifles (if fully translated National Rifles) is a counterinsurgency force in India. National Security Guards ( NSG) is a Special Response Unit in India that has primarily been utilised for Counter-terrorism activities and was created by The National Cadet Corps (India is the Indian military cadet corps See also Rashtriya Rifles Special Forces of India The Border Roads Organisation, also known by its Acronym BRO, is a unique combination of officers from the corps of engineers of Indian army and Border A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers It is the largest striking force in the army. Each Division is headed by [General Officer Commanding] (GOC) in the rank of Major General. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries It usually consists 15,000 combat troops and 8,000 support elements. Currently, the Indian Army has 34 Divisions including 4 Rapid (Re-organised Army Plains Infantry Divisions) Action Divisions, 18 Infantry Divisions, 10 Mountain Divisions, 3 Armoured Divisions and 2 Artillery Divisions. Each Division composes of several Brigades. A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is
  • Brigade: The Brigade is smaller than the Division and generally consists of 3 Infantry Battalions along with elements of various Combat & Support Arms & Services. A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is It is headed by a Brigadier equivalent to a Brigadier General. This article refers to the military rank For the Doctor Who character known as the Brigadier see Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. The Indian Army also has 5 Independent Armoured Brigades, 15 Independent Artillery Brigades, 7 Independent Infantry Brigades, 1 Independent Parachute Brigade,3 Independent Air Defence Brigades, 2 Independent Air Defence Groups and 4 Independent Engineer Brigades. These Independent Brigades operate directly under the Corps Commander (GOC Corps).
  • Battalion: A Battalion is commanded by a Colonel and is the Infantry's main fighting unit. A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country It consists of more than 900 personnel.
  • Company: Headed by the Major, a Company comprises 120 soldiers. A company is a Military unit, typically consisting of 75-200 Soldiers Most companies are formed of three to five Platoons although the exact number may vary Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country
  • Platoon: An intermediate between a Company and Section, a Platoon is headed by a Lieutenant or depending on the availability of Commissioned Officers, a Junior Commissioned Officer, with the rank of Subedar or Naib-Subedar. A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two to four sections or Squads and containing about 30 to 50 soldiers Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services JCO was a Japanese nuclear fuel cycle company established in October 1979 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sumitomo Metal Mining Co JCO was a Japanese nuclear fuel cycle company established in October 1979 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sumitomo Metal Mining Co It has a total strength of about 32 troops.
  • Section: Smallest military outfit with a strength of 10 personnel. A section is a small Infantry unit first introduced in the British Army. Commanded by a Non-commissioned officer of the rank of Havildar or Sergeant. Havildar was the Military 'In Charge' of a Fort during the times of Maratha Empire. Sergeant is a rank used in some form by most militaries police forces and other uniformed organizations around the world

Statistics

Sub-Units

Regiments

Main article: List of regiments of the Indian Army
Soldiers of the Madras Regiment.
Soldiers of the Madras Regiment. Regiments of the Indian Army: Indian Army Regiments Infantry Regiments (29 Brigade of the Guards The Parachute The Madras Regiment is the oldest regiment in the Indian army formed in the 1750s

Infantry Regiments

These are Several battalions or Units under the same formation in a Regiment. The Gurkha Regiment, for instance, has several battalions. All formations under a Regiment are battalions of the same arms or Corps (i. e. , Infantry or Engineers). Regiments are not exactly field formations, in sense they mostly do not make a formation, all Regiments of the Gurkha's for instance would not fight together as one formation, but can be dispersed over various Brigades or Corps or even Commands.

See List of regiments of the Indian Army

Artillery Regiments

Artillery Insignia
Artillery Insignia

Regiment of Artillery History

The Regiment of Artillery constitutes a formidable operational arm of Indian Army. Regiments of the Indian Army: Indian Army Regiments Infantry Regiments (29 Brigade of the Guards The Parachute Historically it takes its lineage from Moghul Emperor Babur who is popularly credited with introduction of Artillery in India, in the Battle of Panipat in 1526. However evidence of earlier use of gun by Bahmani Kings in the Battle of Adoni in 1368 and King Mohammed Shah of Gujrat in fifteenth century have been recorded.

Indian Army Staff

Strength

During a conflict, the air-arm of the Indian army plays a crucial role in providing essential supplies and air cover to the ground forces. Shown here is the Indian Army's HAL Dhruv.
During a conflict, the air-arm of the Indian army plays a crucial role in providing essential supplies and air cover to the ground forces. Shown here is the Indian Army's HAL Dhruv. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Indian Army statistics
Active Troops 1,300,000
Reserve Troops 1,200,000
Territorial Army 200,000**
Main Battle Tanks 5000+
Artillery 12,800
Ballistic missiles 100+
Cruise missiles Brahmos
Aircraft 10 squadrons of helicopters
Surface-to-air missiles 90000+

* includes 300,000 1st line troops and 500,000 2nd line troops

** includes 40,000 1st line troops and 160,000 2nd line troops

Rank Structure

See: Army ranks and insignia of India

The various rank of the Indian Army are listed below in descending order:

Commissioned Officers

Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs)

Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs)


Note:
•1. Active duty refers to a full-time occupation as part a military force as opposed to reserve duty. A military reserve force is a military organization The Territorial Army ( TA) is the principal and Volunteer reserve force of the British Army, the land armed forces branch of the United Kingdom Tank classification is a Taxonomy of identifying either the intended role or weight class of Tanks The classification by role was used primarily during Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine A ballistic missile is a Missile that follows a Sub-orbital ballistic flightpath with the objective of delivering a warhead to a predetermined target A cruise missile is a guided Missile that carries an explosive payload and uses a lifting wing and a propulsion system usually a Jet engine, to allow A squadron is a small unit or formation of Cavalry, armour, Aircraft (including Balloons) or Warships Army A surface to air missile ( SAM) or ground-to-air missile ( GTAM) is a Missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy Aircraft The following graphs presents the officer ranks of the Indian army. Field Marshal is the highest possible rank in the military of India. The Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army (COAS is the highest post in the Indian Army. Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries This article refers to the military rank For the Doctor Who character known as the Brigadier see Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer Military rank in many Armed forces. Junior Commissioned Officer ( JCO) is a term describing a group of military ranks found in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army which correspond to Warrant Subedar -Major is the senior rank of Junior Commissioned Officer in the Indian and Pakistani Armies and formerly Viceroy's Commissioned Subedar, a historical rank in Indian Army which ranked below British commissioned officers and above non-commissioned officers Junior Commissioned Officer ( JCO) is a term describing a group of military ranks found in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army which correspond to Warrant Havildar was the Military 'In Charge' of a Fort during the times of Maratha Empire. Havildar was the Military 'In Charge' of a Fort during the times of Maratha Empire. Havildar was the Military 'In Charge' of a Fort during the times of Maratha Empire. Havildar was the Military 'In Charge' of a Fort during the times of Maratha Empire. Lance Naik (L/Nk was the equivalent rank to Lance Corporal in the British Indian Army, ranking below Naik. A sepoy (ˈsipɔɪ (from Persian سپاهی Sipâhi meaning "soldier" was a native of India, a soldier allied to a European power usually the Junior Commissioned Officers in the rank of Subedar Major, Subedar, Naib Subedar (and equivalent Cavalry ranks) are eligible for Honorary ranks - like Honorary Captains and Honorary Lieutenants.
•2. Non-Commissioned Officers in the rank of Havildar are elible for Honorary JCO ranks.
•3. So far, there have been only two officers conferred the rank: Field Marshal K M Cariappa – the first Indian Commander-in-Chief (a post since abolished) – and Field Marshal S H F J Manekshaw, the Chief of Army Staff during the Army in the 1971 war with Pakistan. Field Marshal Kodandera "Kipper" Madappa Cariappa ( Kodava Kannada: ಕೊದಂಡೇರ ಮಾದಪ್ಪ ಕರಿಯಪ್ಪ) Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji "Sam Bahadur" Jamshedji Manekshaw MC (April 3 1914 &ndash June 27 2008 was an Indian Army officer The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a major military conflict between India and Pakistan. (See Field Marshals of India)

Combat Doctrine

The current combat doctrine of the Indian Army is based on effectively utilizing holding formations and strike formations. Field Marshal is the highest possible rank in the military of India. In the case of an attack, the holding formations would contain the enemy and strike formations would counterattack to neutralize enemy forces. In the case of an Indian attack, the holding formations would pin enemy forces down whilst the strike formations attack at a point of Indian choosing. The Indian Army is large enough to devote several corps to the strike role. Currently, the army is also looking at enhancing its special forces capabilities. In most countries special forces (SF is a generic term for highly-trained Military teams/units that conduct specialized operations such as Reconnaissance

Equipment

Arjun MBT.
Arjun MBT. Arjun ( Sanskrit: अर्जुन) is an Indian Main battle tank being developed by DRDO (Defence Research and Development for the
T-90 MBT.
T-90 MBT. The GPO Uralvagonzavod T-90 is a Russian main battle tank derived from the T-72, and is currently the most modern tank in the Russian
Main article: Equipment of the Indian Army

Most of the army equipment is imported, but efforts are being made to manufacture indigenous equipment. This is a list of some of the modern & historical equipment used by Indian Army All Indian Military Firearms guns are manufactured under the umbrella administration of the Ordnance Factory Board, with principal Firearm manufacturing facilities in Ishapore, Cossipore, Kanpur, Jabalpur and Tiruchirapalli. See Kashipur for disambiguation Cossipore (কাশিপুর (also spelt Cossipur Kashipur is a neighbourhood in north Kolkata While ammunition is manufactured at Kirkee (Now Khadki) and possibly at Bolangir.

Aircraft

This is a list of aircraft of the Indian Army. For the list of aircraft of the Indian Air Force, see List of aircraft of the Indian Air Force. The Indian Air Force (Devanāgarī भारतीय वायु सेना IAST Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the The Indian Air Force, often abbreviated as the IAF, is the world's fourth largest air force after those of the United States Russia and China and operates more than 1430 combat

The Indian Army operates more than 200 helicopters, plus additional unmanned aerial vehicles. History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV is an unpiloted Aircraft. UAVs can be remote controlled or fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic

Aircraft Origin Type Versions In service[11] Notes
HAL Dhruv Flag of India India utility helicopter 36+ To acquire 73 more Dhruv in next 5 years. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
Aérospatiale SA 316 Alouette III Flag of France France utility helicopter SA 316B Chetak 60 to be replaced by Dhruv
Aérospatiale SA 315 Lama Flag of France France utility helicopter SA 315B Cheetah 48 to be replaced by Dhruv
DRDO Nishant Flag of India India reconnaissance UAV Delivery of 12 UAV's in 2007. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The DRDO Nishant is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV developed by India 's ADE ( Aeronautical Development Establishment) a branch of DRDO India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
IAI Searcher II Flag of Israel Israel reconnaissance UAV 100+
IAI Heron II Flag of Israel Israel reconnaissance UAV 50+

The Indian army has projected a requirement for a helicopter that can carry loads of up to 75 kg heights of 23,000 feet (7,000 m) on the Siachen Glacier in Jammu and Kashmir. Israel Aerospace Industries ( Hebrew: התעשייה האווירית לישראל ha-ta`aSiyyâh ha-'awîrît lë-yiSrâ'êl) or IAI (תע"א ta`a' For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Heron or Machatz-1 is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle developed by the Malat (UAV division of Israel Aircraft Industries. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Flying at these heights poses unique challenges due to the rarefied atmosphere. The Indian Army chose the Eurocopter AS 550 for a $550 million contract for 197 light helicopters to replace its ageing fleet of Chetaks and Cheetahs, some of which were inducted more than three decades ago. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [12]

Recipients of the Param Vir Chakra

Listed below are the most notable people to have received the Param Vir Chakra, the highest military decoration of the Indian Army. The Param Vir Chakra (PVC is India 's highest Military decoration awarded for the highest degree of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy similar

Major Som Nath Sharma 4th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment November 3, 1947 Badgam, Kashmir, India
Second Lieutenant Rama Raghoba Rane Corps of Engineers April 8, 1948 Naushera, Kashmir, India
Naik Jadu Nath Singh 1st Battalion, Rajput Regiment February 1948 Naushera, Kashmir, India
Company Havildar Major Piru Singh 6th Battalion, Rajputana Rifles July 17/18, 1948 Tithwal, Kashmir, India
Lance Naik Karam Singh 1st Battalion, Sikh Regiment October 13, 1948 Tithwal, Kashmir, India
Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria 3rd Battalion, 1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment) December 5, 1961 Elizabethville, Katanga, Congo
Major Dhan Singh Thapa 1st Battalion, 8th Gorkha Rifles October 20, 1962 Ladakh, India
Subedar Joginder Singh 1st Battalion, Sikh Regiment October 23, 1962 Tongpen La, Northeast Frontier Agency, India
Major Shaitan Singh 13th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment November 18, 1962 Rezang La
Company Quarter Master Havildar Abdul Hamid 4th Battalion, The Grenadiers September 10, 1965 Chima, Khem Karan Sector
Lieutenant-Colonel Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore 17th Poona Horse October 15, 1965 Phillora, Sialkot Sector, Pakistan
Lance Naik Albert Ekka 14th Battalion, Brigade of the Guards December 3, 1971 Gangasagar
2/Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal 17th Poona Horse December 16, 1971 Jarpal, Shakargarh Sector
Major Hoshiar Singh 3rd Battalion, The Grenadiers December 17, 1971 Basantar River, Shakargarh Sector
Naib Subedar Bana Singh 8th Battalion, Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry June 23, 1987 Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir
Major Ramaswamy Parmeshwaran 8th Battalion, Mahar Regiment November 25, 1987 Sri Lanka
Captain Vikram Batra 13th Battalion, Jammu and Kashmir Rifles July 6, 1999 Point 5140, Point 4875, Kargil Area
Lieutenant Manoj Kumar Pandey 1st Battalion, 11th Gorkha Rifles July 3, 1999 Khaluber/Juber Top, Batalik sector, Kargil area, Jammu and Kashmir
Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav 18th Battalion, The Grenadiers July 4, 1999 Tiger Hill, Kargil area
Rifleman Sanjay Kumar 13th Battalion, Jammu and Kashmir Rifles July 5, 1999 Area Flat Top, Kargil Area

In Fiction

Gallery

A combat team composed of T-72M MBTs, T-90S MBTs and BMP-2 IFVs forming up for a training assault on an enemy held position. The T-72 is a Soviet -designed Main battle tank that entered production in 1971 The GPO Uralvagonzavod T-90 is a Russian main battle tank derived from the T-72, and is currently the most modern tank in the Russian The BMP-2 is a Soviet Infantry fighting vehicle which was first introduced in the early 1980s

The Amar Jawan Jyoti (The flame of the immortal warrior), India's most famous war memorial situated at India Gate. The India Gate is one of the largest War memorials in India. Situated in the heart of New Delhi, India Gate is prominent landmark in Delhi The India Gate is one of the largest War memorials in India. Situated in the heart of New Delhi, India Gate is prominent landmark in Delhi A black marble cenotaph with a rifle crested by a helmet forms the main shrine.

An Army Aviation Corps HAL Dhruv. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

See also

References

  1. ^ Bharat Rakshak
  2. ^ Indian Army doctrine
  3. ^ Clinton adviser: confusion gripped Islamabad during Kargil crisis
  4. ^ Kargil: where defence met diplomacy - India's then Chief of Army Staff VP Malik, expressing his views on Operation Vijay in an article in The Indian Express. Organization and command structure The headquarters of the Indian Armed Forces is in New Delhi, the capital city. See Indian Army for the post-independence (and post- partition) army of the Republic of India. The Indian National Army ( INA) or Azad Hind Fauj ( Hindi: आज़ाद हिन्द फ़ौज was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists History The Territorial Army was raised by the Britishers in 1920 through Indian Territorial Act of 1920 and it was org into two wings namely - 'The Auxiliary Force' for Europeans The Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army (COAS is the highest post in the Indian Army. For bi-furicated southern edition see The New Indian Express The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka
  5. ^ Pakistan and the Kashmir militants
  6. ^ Indian Army tests network centric warfare capability in Ashwamedh war games
  7. ^ 'Ashwamedha' reinforces importance of foot soldiers
  8. ^ Division and brigade source information from Jane's World Armies, Issue 19, 2006, p. 319
  9. ^ Globalsecurity.org, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/northcom.htm, accessed December 2007
  10. ^ See also http://orbat.com/site/cimh/divisions/10th%20Division%20orbat%20Chaamb%201971.html
  11. ^ Indian military aviation OrBat
  12. ^ Eurocopter wins big Indian Army deal

External links

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