An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges, gifts, and in some cases the investment yield of an endowment. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested
The terms independent school and private school are often synonyms in popular usage in the U. For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered S. and in Canada. Independent schools may have a religious affiliation, but the more precise usage of the term excludes parochial schools and other schools with financial dependence upon outside organizations.
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United Kingdom
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland the more prestigious independent schools are known as public schools, sometimes categorised as major and minor public schools. An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding predominantly in the form of school fees England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding predominantly in the form of school fees Membership of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference is often considered as what defines a school as a public school, though this includes many independent grammar schools. The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC is an association of the headmasters or headmistressess of 242 leading day and boarding independent schools in A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries When founded, such schools were indeed 'public', that is intended for those who could not afford education; they have long since lost their raison d'être. Detractors of present day public schools generally prefer the term 'private school'.
In Scotland, those schools which are not dependent on state funding are known as independent schools. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population.
Australia
In Australia, where the term is also used interchangeably with private school, independent schools are the fastest growing education sector and over 85% of them have a religious or church affiliation. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. There are currently 1,078 independent schools catering for 491,000 students in Australia (as of 2006). Some independent schools are prestigious and enrolment highly sought after, with tuition fees to match, however since the 1980s the number of low-fee schools catering for 'average' Australians, and in some cases without any religious affiliation, has increased significantly. Independent schools in Australia make up nearly 15% of total enrolments while Catholic schools, which usually have lower fees, also make up a sizeable proportion (18%) and are usually regarded as a school sector of their own within the broad category of independent schools. Enrolments in non-government schools has been growing steadily at the expense of enrolments in government schools which have seen their enrolment share reduce from 78% to 67% since 1970. Australian independent schools differ slightly from those in the United States as the Australian Government provides funding to all schools including independent schools using a 'needs based' funding scheme based on a Socio-Economic Status (SES) score. The school's SES score is derived by selecting a sample of parent's addresses and mapping these to a Census Collector District from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census. The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. The household income & education data is then used to derive an SES score for each school, which places it on a sliding scale of funding entitlement. On average, funding granted to an independent school is 47% of that required to operate a government school, the residual being made up by tuition fees paid by parents.
United States
Independent schools in the United States educate a tiny fraction of the school-age population (slightly over 1% of the entire school-age population, 10% of the 10% of students who go to private schools). The essential distinction between independent schools and other private schools is independence itself, essentially independence in governance and in finance: i. e. , independent schools own, govern, and finance themselves. In contrast, public schools are funded and governed by government and most parochial/diocesan schools are owned, governed, and financed by a church organization. The National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) is a membership organization of American pre-college independent schools. The National Association of Independent Schools, governed by a board of trustees and staffed by approximately 45 individuals is a U See List of independent Catholic schools in the United States. Independent Catholic schools are Catholic primary or secondary schools which are not operated by a parish or religious order
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
Article 29 - "Article 29 (of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) claims to limit the right of parents and others to educate children in private school by requiring that all such schools support both the charter and principles of the United Nations and a list of specific values and ideals. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, often referred to as CRC or UNCRC, is an international convention setting out the civil political For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security By contrast, United States Supreme Court case law has provided that a combination of parental rights and religious liberties provide a broader right of parents and private schools to control the values and curriculum of private education free from State interference. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Case law' (also known as decisional law or judicial precedent) is that body of reported Judicial opinions in countries that have Common law The Parents' rights movement is a Civil rights movement whose members are primarily interested in issues affecting fathers mothers and children related to Family law Freedom of religion is the freedom of an individual or community in public or private to manifest religion or belief in teaching practice worship and observance "[1]
See also
- Independent school (UK)
- Private school
- Preparatory school
- Parochial school
- High school
- Public school
- Boarding school
- Independent Schools Athletic League
Notes
- ^ David M. Smolin, Overcoming Religious Objections to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 29, 104 at [1] - See Susan H. An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding predominantly in the form of school fees For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered A university-preparatory school or college-preparatory school (usually abbreviated to preparatory school, college prep school, or prep school Parochial school is one term used (particularly in the United States) to describe a school that engages in Religious education in addition to conventional Education High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and A boarding school is a School where some or all pupils not only study but also live during term time with their fellow students and possibly teachers The term Independent Schools Athletic League (ISAL may refer to one of several Sports leagues for Independent schools. David Mark Smolin (born in New York City, USA) is a professor of law at Cumberland School of Law in Birmingham, Alabama. Bitensky, Educating the Child for a Productive Life, in CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN AMERICA 181 (Cynthia Price Cohen & Howard A. Davidson eds. , 1990) (referring to “fundamentalist” curriculum used in some private religious schools which evidences hostility toward the United Nations). Relevant cases include Runyon v. McCrary, 427 U. Runyon v McCrary, 427 US 160 ( 1976) was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court which held that federal law prohibited private S. 160 (1976); Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U. Wisconsin v Yoder, 406 US 205 ( 1972) is the case in which the United States Supreme Court found that Amish children could S. 205 (1972); Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U. Pierce v Society of Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary,, was an early 20th century United States Supreme Court decision which significantly expanded coverage S. 510 (1925); Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U. Meyer v Nebraska, 262 US 390 (1923 was a US Supreme Court case which held that a 1919 Nebraska law prohibiting the teaching of foreign S. 390 (1923).
Further reading
- Hein, David (4 January 2004). What Has Happened to Episcopal Schools? The Living Church, 228, no. 1, 21-22.
External links
- National Association of Independent Schools (U.S.A.)
- Canadian Association of Independent Schools
- Independent Schools Council of Australia
- Association of Independent Schools of NSW (Australia)
- The Independent Schools Directory 2007/08
- The Independent School Report (U.S.A.)
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