In situ (pronounced /ɪn siːˈtuː/) is a Latin phrase meaning in the place. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It is used in many different contexts.
Contents |
Aerospace
In the aerospace industry equipment on board aircraft must be tested "in situ" or in place to confirm everything functions properly as a system. Individually each piece may work but interference from nearby equipment may create problems not anticipated. Special test equipment is available for this "in situ" testing.
Archaeology
In archaeology, in situ refers to an artifact that has not been moved from its original place of deposition, in other words is stationary meaning "Still". An artifact being in situ is critical to the interpretation of that artifact and, consequently, to the culture which formed it. Once an artifact's 'find–site' has been recorded, the artifact can then be moved for conservation, further interpretation and display. An artifact that is not discovered in situ is considered out of context and will not provide an accurate picture of the associated culture. However, the out of context artifact can provide scientists with an example of types and locations of in situ artifacts yet to be discovered.
In situ only expresses that the object has not been newly moved. Thus, an archaeological in–situ–find may be an object that was historically looted from another place, an item of "booty" of a past war, a traded item or otherwise of foreign origin. Consequently, the in situ find site may still not reveal its provenance but with further detective work may help uncover links that otherwise would remain unknown. Provenance, from the French provenir, "to come from" means the Origin, or the source, of something or the history of the ownership or location It is also possible for archaeological layers to be reworked on purpose or by accident (by humans, natural forces or animals), for example in a tell mound where layers are not typically uniform or horizontal or in land cleared or tilled for farming. Tell, tel or tall (تلّ tall, and תֵּל tel) meaning "hill" or "mound" is a type of archaeological
Architecture
In architecture and building, in situ means construction which is carried out on the building site using raw materials. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made Compare that with prefabricated construction, in which building components are made in a factory and then transported to the building site for assembly. For example, concrete slabs may be in situ or prefabricated. A Concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings
In situ techniques are often more labour-intensive, and take longer, but the materials are cheaper, and the work is versatile and adaptable. Prefabricated techniques are usually much quicker, therefore saving money, but factory-made parts can be expensive. They are also inflexible, and must often be designed on a grid, with all details fully calculated in advance. Finished units may require special handling due to excessive dimensions.
Astronomy
Future space exploration or terraforming may rely on obtaining supplies in situ, such as previous plans to power the Orion space vehicle with fuel minable on the moon. The terraforming (literally "Earth-shaping" of a Planet, moon, or other body is the hypothetical process of deliberately modifying its Orion is a Spacecraft design currently under development by the United States space agency NASA.
Mars Direct mission concept is based primarily on the in situ fuel production using Sabatier reaction. Mars Direct is a proposal for a relatively low-cost manned mission to Mars with current rocket technology The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process involves the reaction of Hydrogen with Carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of
A fraction of the globular star clusters in our Galaxy, as well as those in other massive galaxies, might have formed in situ. The rest might have been accreted from now defunct dwarf galaxies.
Biology
In biology, in situ means to examine the phenomenon exactly in place where it occurs (i. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles e. without moving it to some special medium). This usually means something intermediate between in vivo and in vitro. In vivo ( Latin: within the living means that which takes place inside an organism. In vitro ( Latin: within the glass refers to the technique of performing a given experiment in a controlled environment outside of a living Organism For example, examining a cell within a whole organ intact and under perfusion may be in situ investigation. In Biology, an organ ( Latin: organum, "instrument tool" from Greek όργανον - organon "organ instrument In Physiology, perfusion is the process of nutritive delivery of Arterial Blood to a Capillary bed in the Biological tissue. This would not be in vivo as the donor is sacrificed before experimentation, but it would not be the same as working with the cell alone (a common scenario in in vitro experiments).
In-vitro was the first of mankind’s attempts to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze natural occurrences in the lab[1]. Eventually, the limitation of in-vitro experimentation was that they were not conducted in natural environments. To compensate for this problem, in-vivo experimentation allowed testing to occur in the originate organism or environment[2]. To bridge the dichotomy of benefits associated with both methodologies, in-situ experimentation allowed the controlled aspects of in-vitro to become coalesced with the natural environmental compositions of in-vivo experimentation.
In oncology: for a carcinoma, in situ means that malignant cells are present as a tumor but has not metastasized, or invaded, beyond the original site where the tumor was discovered. Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies Tumors ( Cancer) and seeks to understand their development diagnosis treatment and prevention A carcinoma is any Malignant Cancer that arises from epithelial cells. Malignant (from the Latin roots mal- = "bad" and -genus = "born" is a medical term used to describe a severe and progressively worsening disease This can happen anywhere in the body, such as the skin, breast tissue, or lung.
In conservation of genetic resources, "in-situ conservation" (also "on-site conservation") is the process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat, as opposed to ex-situ conservation (also "off-site conservation"). A germplasm is a collection of genetic resources for an organism In-situ conservation means "on-site conservation " It is the process of protecting an endangered Plant or Animal Species The conservation movement also known as nature conservation is a political social and to some extent scientific movement that seeks to protect natural resources including An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. Ex-situ conservation means literally "off-site conservation "
Chemistry and chemical engineering
In chemistry, in situ typically means "in the reaction mixture. " There are numerous unstable molecules which must be synthesized in situ (i. e. in the reaction mixture but cannot be isolated on their own) for use in various processes. Examples include the Corey-Chaykovsky reagent and adrenochrome. The Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction is a Chemical reaction in which a Carbonyl is converted to an Epoxide by the action of a Sulfonium ylide Adrenochrome, chemical formula C 9 H 9 N[[oxygen O]]3 is a Pigment obtained by the Oxidation of
In chemical engineering, in situ often refers to industrial plant "operations or procedures that are performed in place". For example, aged catalysts in industrial reactors may be regenerated in place (in situ) without being removed from the reactors.
Computer science
In computer science an in situ operation is one that occurs without interrupting the normal state of a system. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the Science of the theoretical foundations of Information and Computation and their For example, a file backup may be restored over a running system, without needing to take the system down to perform the restore. In the context of a database, a restore would allow the database system to continue to be available to users while a restore happened. An in situ upgrade would allow an operating system or application to be upgraded while the system was still running, perhaps without the need to reboot it, depending on the sophistication of the system.
An algorithm is said to be an in situ algorithm, or in-place algorithm, if the amount of memory required to execute the algorithm is O(1), that is, does not depend on the size of the input. In Mathematics, Computing, Linguistics and related subjects an algorithm is a sequence of finite instructions often used for Calculation In mathematics big O notation (so called because it uses the symbol O) describes the limiting behavior of a function for very small or very large arguments For example, heapsort is an in situ sorting algorithm. Heapsort (method is a comparison-based Sorting algorithm, and is part of the Selection sort family
In designing user interfaces, the term in situ means that a particular user action can be performed without going to another window, for example, if a word processor displays an image and allows you to edit the image without launching a separate image editor, this is called in situ editing.
Earth and atmospheric sciences
In physical geography and the Earth sciences, in situ typically describes natural material or processes prior to transport. Physical geography (also known as geosystems or physiography) is one of the three major subfields of Geography. Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences) is an all-embracing term for the Sciences related to the planet For example, in situ is used in relation to the distinction between weathering and erosion, the difference being that erosion requires a transport medium (such as wind, ice, or water), whereas weathering occurs in situ. Weathering is the decomposition of earth rocks, Soils and their Minerals through direct contact with the planet's Atmosphere. Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind Aeolian (or Eolian or Æolian) processes pertain to the activity of the Winds and more specifically to the winds' ability to shape the surface of the "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Geochemical processes are also often described as occurring to material in situ. The field of geochemistry involves study of the chemical composition of the Earth and other Planets chemical processes and reactions that govern the composition
In the atmospheric sciences, in situ refers to obtained through direct contact with the respective subject, such as a radiosonde measuring a parcel of air or an anemometer measuring wind, as opposed to remote sensing such as weather radar or satellites. Atmospheric sciences is an umbrella term for the study of the atmosphere, its processes the effects other systems have on the atmosphere and the effects of the atmosphere A radiosonde ( Sonde is French for Probe) is a unit for use in Weather balloons that measures various atmospheric parameters An anemometer is a device for measuring wind speed and is one instrument used in a Weather station. Remote sensing is the small or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon by the use of either recording or real-time sensing device(s that is not in physical
Environmental engineering
In situ can refer to where a clean up or remediation of a polluted site is performed using and simulating the natural processes in the soil, contrary to ex situ where contaminated soil is excavated and cleaned elsewhere, off site. Generally remediation means providing a Remedy, so environmental remediation deals with the removal of Pollution or Contaminants from environmental Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel Ex-situ conservation means literally "off-site conservation "
Literature
In literature in situ is used to describe a condition. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter The Rosetta Stone, for example, was originally erected in a courtyard, for public viewing. The Rosetta Stone is an Ancient Egyptian artifact (حجر رشيد in Arabic which was instrumental in advancing modern understanding of hieroglyphic writing Most pictures of the famous stone are not "in-situ" pictures of it erected, as it would have been originally. The stone was uncovered as part of building material, within a wall. Its in situ condition today is that it is erected, vertically, on public display at the British Museum. The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London.
Linguistics
In linguistics, specifically syntax, an element may be said to be in situ if it is pronounced in the position where it is interpreted. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields In Linguistics, syntax (from Ancient Greek grc συν- syn-, "together" and grc τάξις táxis, "arrangement" is the For example, questions in languages such as Chinese have in-situ wh-elements, with structures comparable to "John bought what?" while English wh-elements are not in-situ (see wh-movement): "What did John buy?"
Law
In legal context, in situ is often used for its literal meaning. A question may be either a linguistic expression used to make a request for Information, or else the request itself made by such an expression English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Wh-movement (or wh-fronting or wh-extraction) is a syntactic phenomenon found in many languages around the world in which Interrogative words Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society For example, in Hong Kong, in situ land exchange involves the government exchanging the original or expired lease of a piece of land with a new grant or re-grant with the same piece of land or a portion of that. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders A land grant is a gift of Real estate - land or privileges - made by a government or other authority as a Reward for services
Petroleum production
In situ means "in place", and refers to recovery techniques which apply heat or solvents to heavy oil or bitumen reservoirs beneath the earth. There are several varieties of in situ technique, but the ones which work best in the oil sands use heat.
RF transmission
In radio frequency (RF) transmission systems, in situ is often used to describe the location of various components while the system is in its standard transmission mode, rather than operation in a test mode. Radio frequency ( RF) is a Frequency or rate of Oscillation within the range of about 3 Hz to 300 GHz For example, if an in situ wattmeter is used in a commercial broadcast transmission system, the wattmeter can accurately measure power while the station is "on the air". The wattmeter is an instrument for measuring the Electric power (or the supply rate of Electrical energy) in Watts of any given circuit. The wattmeter is an instrument for measuring the Electric power (or the supply rate of Electrical energy) in Watts of any given circuit.
See also
- carcinoma in situ
- ex vivo
- in silico
- in utero
- in vitro
- in vivo
- In-situ conservation
- Ex-situ conservation
- List of Latin phrases
References
Carcinoma in situ (CIS is an early form of Carcinoma defined by the absence of invasion of surrounding tissues Ex vivo (Latin out of the living means that which takes place outside an organism In Silico is the second full-length studio album by Australian Drum and bass band Pendulum, released in Australia and For the Nirvana album see In Utero. In utero is a Latin term literally meaning "in the Uterus " In vitro ( Latin: within the glass refers to the technique of performing a given experiment in a controlled environment outside of a living Organism In vivo ( Latin: within the living means that which takes place inside an organism. In-situ conservation means "on-site conservation " It is the process of protecting an endangered Plant or Animal Species Ex-situ conservation means literally "off-site conservation " This page lists direct English Translations of common Latin phrases, such as veni vidi vici and Et cetera.Dictionary
in situ
-adjective
- in its original position or place
-adverb
- in its original position or place
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic