| Immunodeficiency Classification and external resources |
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| ICD-10 | D84.9 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 279.3 |
| DiseasesDB | 21506 |
| MeSH | D007153 |
In medicine, immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency) is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor An infectious disease is a clinically evident Disease resulting from the presence of Pathogenic microbial agents including Pathogenic viruses Pathogenic Most cases of immunodeficiency are acquired ("secondary") but some people are born with defects in the immune system, or primary immunodeficiency. Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders in which part of the body's Immune system is missing or does not function properly Transplant patients take medications to suppress their immune system as an anti-rejection measure. A person who has an immunodeficiency of any kind is said to be immunocompromised. An immunocompromised person may be particularly vulnerable to opportunistic infections, in addition to normal infections that could affect everyone. An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by Pathogens that usually do not cause disease in a healthy Immune system.
Primary immunodeficiency
A number of rare diseases feature a heightened susceptibility to infections from childhood onward. Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders in which part of the body's Immune system is missing or does not function properly A rare disease (sometimes known as an orphan disease has such a low Prevalence in a population that a doctor in a busy General practice would not An infection is the detrimental Colonization of a host Organism by a foreign Species. Many of these disorders are hereditary and are autosomal recessive or X-linked. A genetic disorder is a condition caused by abnormalities in Genes or Chromosomes While some diseases such as Cancer, are due to genetic abnormalities acquired Sex linkage is the phenotypic expression of an Allele that is related to the chromosomal sex of the individual There are over 80 recognised primary immunodeficiency syndromes; they are generally grouped by the part of the immune system that is malfunctioning, such as lymphocytes or granulocytes. A lymphocyte is a type of White blood cell in the Vertebrate Immune system. Granulocytes are a category of White blood cells characterised by [1]
The treatment of primary immunodeficiencies depends on the nature of the defect, and may involve antibody infusions, long-term antibiotics and (in certain cases) stem cell transplantation.
Acquired immunodeficiency
Immune deficiency may also be the result of particular external processes or diseases; the resultant state is called "secondary" or "acquired" immunodeficiency. Common causes for secondary immunodeficiency are malnutrition, aging and particular medications (e. Malnutrition is a general term for a medical condition caused by an improper or insufficient diet. Ageing or aging (American English is the accumulation of changes in an organism g. chemotherapy, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplants, glucocorticoids). Chemotherapy, in its most general sense refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells specifically those of micro-organisms or Cancer. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) is a category of drugs used in many autoimmune disorders to slow down disease progression For a list of immunosuppressive drugs see the Transplant rejection page. Glucocorticoids (GC are a class of Steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR) and trigger similar effects
Many specific diseases directly or indirectly impair the immune system. This includes many types of cancer, particularly those of the bone marrow and blood cells (leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), and certain chronic infections. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Leukemia or leukaemia (Greek leukos λευκός, "white" aima αίμα, "blood" is a Cancer of the Blood Lymphoma a type of Neoplasm that originates in Lymphocytes (a type of White blood cell in the vertebrate Immune system) Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahler's disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of Immunodeficiency is also the hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome HIV directly attacks the immune system.
References
- ^ Rosen FS, Cooper MD, Wedgwood RJ (1995). "The primary immunodeficiencies". N. Engl. J. Med. 333 (7): 431–40. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 7616993.
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