An immune receptor (or immunologic receptor) is a receptor, usually on a cell membrane, which binds to a substance (for example, a cytokine) and causes a response in the immune system. In Biochemistry, a receptor is a Protein molecule embedded in either the Plasma membrane or Cytoplasm of a cell to which a mobile signaling The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane, plasmalemma, or "phospholipid bilayer" is a Selectively permeable Lipid bilayer Cytokines are a category of signalling Proteins and Glycoproteins that like Hormones and Neurotransmitters, are used extensively in cellular An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor
One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for antibody generators) and are defined as substances that bind to specific immune receptors and elicit an immune response. An antigen (from antibody-generating) or immunogen is a substance that prompts the generation of Antibodies and can cause an immune response
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Types
The main receptors in the immune system are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), killer activated and killer inhibitor receptors (KARs and KIRs), complement receptors, Fc receptors, B cell receptors and T cell receptors. An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor Pattern recognition receptors, or PRR s are Proteins expressed by cells of the Immune system to identify molecules associated with microbial Pathogens Toll-like receptors ( TLRs) are a class of single membrane-spanning non-catalytic receptors that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from Microbes Natural killer cells (or NK cells) are a type of Cytotoxic Lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the Innate immune system. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (also called killer inhibitor receptor is a receptor expressed in Natural killer cells Genes A complement receptor is a receptor of the Complement system, a part of the mediated Innate immune system. An Fc receptor is a protein found on the surface of certain cells - including Natural killer cells Macrophages Neutrophils and Mast cells - that Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins, abbreviated Ig) are Gamma globulin Proteins that are found in Blood or other Bodily The T cell receptor or TCR is a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes (or T cells that is in general responsible for recognizing Antigens bound [1]
| Receptor | Bind to [2] | Function[2] |
|---|---|---|
| pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) | pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) | inflammation --> destroying pathogen |
| Toll-like receptors (TLRs) | Mediate cytokine production --> inflammation and guiding immune cells to the site | |
| killer activated and killer inhibitor receptors (KARs and KIRs) | Avails NK cells to identify abnormal host cells (KAR) or inhibit inappropriate host cell destruction (KIR) | |
| complement receptors | complement proteins on e. Pattern recognition receptors, or PRR s are Proteins expressed by cells of the Immune system to identify molecules associated with microbial Pathogens Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMP s are small molecular motifs consistently found on Pathogens They are recognized by Toll-like receptors and Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens Toll-like receptors ( TLRs) are a class of single membrane-spanning non-catalytic receptors that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from Microbes Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens Natural killer cells (or NK cells) are a type of Cytotoxic Lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the Innate immune system. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (also called killer inhibitor receptor is a receptor expressed in Natural killer cells Genes Natural killer cells (or NK cells) are a type of Cytotoxic Lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the Innate immune system. A complement receptor is a receptor of the Complement system, a part of the mediated Innate immune system. The complement system is a Biochemical cascade that helps clear Pathogens from an organism g. microbes | Allow phagocytic and B cells to recognize microbes and immune complexes |
| Fc receptors | epitope-antibody complexes | Stimulate fagocytosis |
| B cell receptors | epitopes | B cell differentiation into plasma cells and proliferation |
| T cell receptors | epitopes bound to MHC | Activate T cells |
See also
- antigen
- templates at bottom
References
- ^ Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Immunology. An Fc receptor is a protein found on the surface of certain cells - including Natural killer cells Macrophages Neutrophils and Mast cells - that An epitope, also known as antigenic determinant, is the part of a Macromolecule that is recognized by the Immune system, specifically by antibodies Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins, abbreviated Ig) are Gamma globulin Proteins that are found in Blood or other Bodily An epitope, also known as antigenic determinant, is the part of a Macromolecule that is recognized by the Immune system, specifically by antibodies The T cell receptor or TCR is a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes (or T cells that is in general responsible for recognizing Antigens bound The major histocompatibility complex ( MHC) is a large genomic region or Gene family found in most Vertebrates It is the most gene-dense region An antigen (from antibody-generating) or immunogen is a substance that prompts the generation of Antibodies and can cause an immune response Paperback: 384 pages. Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; (July 1, 2007). Language: English. ISBN-10: 0781795435. ISBN-13: 978-0781795432. Page 20
- ^ a b Unless else specified in boxes, then ref is: Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Immunology. Paperback: 384 pages. Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; (July 1, 2007). Language: English. ISBN-10: 0781795435. ISBN-13: 978-0781795432. Page 20
External links
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