Immanuel Hermann von Fichte (18 July 1797 – 8 August 1879) was a German philosopher and son of Johann Gottlieb Fichte. In the 18th century the philosophies of The Enlightenment began to have a dramatic effect the landmark works of philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Jean-Jacques Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Jena (pronunciation ˈjeːna is a university City in central Germany on the river Saale. Saxe -Weimar (Sachsen-Weimar was a Duchy in Thuringia, Germany. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. In Western civilization, Idealism is the philosophy which maintains that the Ultimate nature of reality is ideal or based upon ideas values essences The so-called Metaphysics is the branch of Philosophy investigating principles of reality transcending those of any particular science Ethics is a major branch of Philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life Philosophy of religion is a branch of Philosophy that is concerned with the philosophical study of religion including arguments over the nature and existence of God religious Johann Gottlieb Fichte ( May 19, 1762 – January 27, 1814) was a German philosopher Johann Friedrich Herbart ( May 4, 1776 - August 11, 1841) was a German Philosopher, Psychologist, and founder Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Johann Gottlieb Fichte ( May 19, 1762 – January 27, 1814) was a German philosopher

Biography

Fichte was born in Jena. Jena (pronunciation ˈjeːna is a university City in central Germany on the river Saale. Having held educational posts at Saarbrücken and Düsseldorf, in 1836 he became a professor of philosophy at Bonn, and in 1840 full professor. Saarbrücken (ˈzaːɐ̯ˈbrʏkn in German; Sarrebruck is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language The University of Bonn ( German: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany In 1842 he received a call to Tübingen, retired in 1875, and died at Stuttgart on the 8th of August 1879. Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen ( German: Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, sometimes called the "Eberhardina Carolina" is a public university Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

In 1837 he had edited the Zeitschrift für Philosophie as an organ of his views, especially on the subject of the philosophy of religion, where he was in alliance with C.H. Weisse; but, whereas Weisse thought that the Hegelian structure was sound in the main, and its imperfections might be mended, Fichte held it to be defective, and spoke of it as a masterpiece of erroneous consistency or consistent error. Philosophy of religion is a branch of Philosophy that is concerned with the philosophical study of religion including arguments over the nature and existence of God religious Christian Hermann Weisse ( August 10, 1801 &ndash September 19 1866) was a German Protestant religious Philosopher Fichte's general views on philosophy seem to have changed considerably as he gained in years, and his influence has been impaired by certain inconsistencies and an appearance of eclecticism, which is strengthened by his predominantly historical treatment of systems, his desire to include divergent systems within his own, and his conciliatory tone.

His philosophy is an attempt to reconcile monism (Hegel) and individualism (Herbart) by means of monadism (Leibniz). Monism is the metaphysical and Theological view that all is one that all reality is subsumed under the most fundamental category of being or existence Johann Friedrich Herbart ( May 4, 1776 - August 11, 1841) was a German Philosopher, Psychologist, and founder The Monadology ( Monadologie, 1714 is one of Gottfried Leibniz ’s works that best define his philosophy monadism. He attacks Hegelianism for its pantheism, lowering of human personality, and imperfect recognition of demands of the moral consciousness. Pantheism ( Greek: πάν ( 'pan') = all and θεός ( 'theos') = God it literally means " God is All God, he says, is to be regarded not as an absolute but as an Infinite Person, whose desire it is that he should realize himself in finite persons. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. The Absolute is the concept of an absolute unconditional reality which transcends limited conditional everyday existence These persons are objects of God's love, and he arranges the world for their good. The direct connecting link between God man is the genius, a higher spiritual individuality existing fan by the side of his lower, earthly individuality. Fichte advocates an ethical theism, and his arguments might be turned to account by the apologist of Christianity. Theism, in its most inclusive usage is the belief in at least one Deity. In conception of finite personality he recurs to something like monadism of Leibniz. His insistence on moral experience connected with his insistence on personality.

One of the tests which Fichte discriminates the value of previous systems is adequateness with which they interpret moral experience. The same reason that made him depreciate Hegel made him praise Krause (panentheism) and Schleiermacher, and speak respectfully of English philosophy. Karl Christian Friedrich Krause ( May 6, 1781 – September 27, 1832) was a German Philosopher, born at Eisenberg Panentheism (from Greek (pân "all" (en "in" and (Theós "God" "all-in-God" is a belief system Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (ˈʃlaɪɐmaxɐ ( November 21, 1768 &ndash February 12, 1834) was a German theologian It is characteristic of Fichte's most excessive receptiveness that in his latest published work, Der neuere Spiritualismus (1878), he supports his position by arguments of a somewhat occult or theosophical cast, not unlike that adopted by F.W.H. Myers. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the philosophy introduced by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky Frederic William Henry Myers ( February 6, 1843 - January 17, 1901) was an English Poet and Essayist He was

He also edited the complete works and literary correspondence of his father. See R Eucken, Zur Erinnerung I. Rudolf Christoph Eucken ( January 5, 1846 — September 15, 1926) was a German Philosopher, and the winner of the 1908 H. F. , in Zeitschrift für die philosophie, cx. (1897); CC Scherer, Die Gotteslehre von I. H. F. ; article by Karl Hartmann in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie xlviii. Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann ( February 23, 1842 &ndash June 5, 1906) was a German Philosopher. (1904). Some of his works were translated by J.D. Morell under the title of Contributions to Mental Philosophy (1860). John Daniel Morell ( June 18, 1816 - April 1, 1891) British Educationalist, was born at Little Baddow Essex Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting

Quotes

"If we cannot live so as to be happy, let us least live so as to deserve it. "

Works

• De philosophiae novae Platonicae origine (1818).
• Sätze zur Vorschule der Theologie (1826). University of California.
• Beiträge zur Charakteristik der neueren Philosophie (1829). Harvard. 2nd edition, 1841. Gallica; NYPL.
• Johann Gottlieb Fichtes Leben und literarischer Briefwechsel (1830-31). 2 volumes.
  • Volume 1, 1830. 2nd edition, 1862. Oxford; Stanford; University of Göttingen.
  • Volume 2, 1831. NYPL. 2nd edition, 1862. Oxford; Stanford.
• Über Gegensatz, Wendepunkt und Ziel heutiger Philosophie (1832). University of Michigan.
• Grundzüge zum Systeme der Philosophie (1833-1846). 3 volumes.
  • Volume 1, 1833. Das Erkennen als Selbsterkennen. Gallica.
  • Volume 2, 1836. Die Ontologie. Gallica; University of Michigan.
  • Volume 3, 1846. Die speculative Theologie oder allgemeine Religionslehre. Gallica.
• Die Idee der Persönlichkeit und die individuelle Fortdauer (1834). 2nd edition, 1855.
• De principiorum contradictionis (1840). Gallica.
• System der Ethik (1850-53). 2 volumes.
  • Volume 1, 1850. Gallica; NYPL; Stanford; University of Michigan.
  • Volume 2, part 1, 1851. Gallica; NYPL; Oxford (1&2); University of Michigan (1&2).
  • Volume 2, part 2, 1853. Gallica; NYPL.
• Anthropologie, Die Lehre von der menschlichen Seele (1856). Gallica; Lane; University of Michigan. 2nd edition, 1860. Oxford; Oxford (Taylor). 3rd edition, 1876.
• Über den Unterschied zwischen ethischem und naturalistischem Theismus (1857).
• Zur Seelenfrage, Eine philosophische Confession (1859). University of California.
  • (English) Contributions to Mental Philosophy (1860). Harvard.
• Psychologie. Die Lehre vom bewussten Geiste des Menschen (1864-73). 2 volumes. Oxford; University of Michigan.
  • Volume 1, 1864.
  • Volume 2, 1873. Harvard.
• Die Seelenfortdauer und die Weltstellung des Menschen (1867).
• Vermischte Schriften zur Philosophie, Theologie und Ethik (1869). 2 volumes. Oxford.
  • Volume 1. Gallica.
  • Volume 2. Gallica.
• Die theistische Weltansicht und ihre Berechtigung (1873). Oxford; University of Michigan.
• Fragen und Bedenken über die nächste Fortbildung deutscher Speculation (1876). Gallica; Oxford; University of Michigan.
• Der neuere Spiritualismus, sein Wert und seine Täuschungen (1878). Oxford.

External links

• Immanuel Hermann Fichte entry at the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP is a free Online encyclopedia on philosophical topics and philosophers founded by James Fieser in 1995
• Biography in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Vol. 48, pp. 539-552 by Karl Hartmann. (German)

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone