Gökçeada Imbros
Çınarlı town,1967
Gökçeada Location of Imbros within Turkey.
Coordinates: 40°09′N 25°50′E / 40.15, 25.833
Country	Turkey
Province	Çanakkale
Population (2000)
- Total	8,875
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Website: www.gokceada.gov.tr

Imbros, officially known as Gökçeada (older name in Turkish: İmroz; Greek: Ίμβρος – Imvros), is the largest island of Turkey, part of Çanakkale Province. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Çanakkale is a province of Turkey, located in the northwestern part of the country It is located at the entrance of Saros Bay in the northern Aegean Sea, also the westernmost point of Turkey (Avlaka peninsula). Saros Bay or Gulf of Saros is an inlet of the northern Aegean Sea located north of the Gallipoli Peninsula in northwestern Turkey. Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. İncirburnu, (older name is Avlaka) is westernmost point of Turkey With an area of 279 km² (108 square miles), Imbros contains some wooded areas. ^[1]

According to the 2000 Census, the island of Imbros had a total population of 8,875. ^[2] The same census also reported 7,254 people in Gökçeada town, and 1,621 in the remaining villages. ^[2] The main industries of Imbros are fishing and tourism. The population is predominantly Turkish but there are still about 300 Greeks on Imbros; large numbers of Greeks have emigrated.

The island is noted for the vineyards and wine produced.

History

In mythology

According to the Greek mythology, the palace of Thetis, mother of Achilles, king of Phthia, was situated between Imbros and Samothrace. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance This article is about the Greek sea nymph Thetis should not be confused with Themis, the embodiment of the laws of nature but see the sea-goddess Tethys. "Achilleus" redirects here For the emperor with this name see Achilleus (emperor. Phthia may also refer to Phthia of Epirus, the mother of Pyrrhus of Epirus. Samothrace (Σαμοθράκη is an island municipality in Greece, in the northern Aegean Sea. The stables of the winged horses of Poseidon were said to lay between Imbros and Tenedos. In Greek mythology, Poseidon ( Greek:; Latin: Neptūnus) was the god of the Sea and as "Earth-Shaker"

Homer wrote:

In the depths of the sea on the cliff

Between Tenedos and craggy Imbros

There is a cave, wide gaping

Poseidon who made the earth tremble,

stopped the horses there. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the

In antiquity

In classical antiquity, Imbros, like Lemnos, was an Athenian cleruchy, a colony whose settlers retained Athenian citizenship; although since the Imbrians appear on the Athenian tribute lists, there may have been a division with the native population. Lemnos (Λήμνος is an island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea. A cleruchy, (klerouchy in Hellenic Greece, was a specialized type of colony established by Athens. This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. The original inhabitants of Imbros were Pelasgians. The name Pelasgians (from Ancient Greek grc Πελασγοί Pelasgoí, singular Πελασγός Pelasgós) was used by some ancient Greek Miltiades conquered the island from Persia after the battle of Salamis; the colony was established about 450 BC, during the first Athenian empire, and was retained by Athens (with brief exceptions) for the next six centuries. The Battle of Salamis ( Ancient Greek:) was a decisive naval battle between the Greek City-states and Persia in September 480 BC in the It may have become independent under Septimius Severus. Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor ^[3]

Ottoman era

1900 onwards

Between Turkey and Greece

Çınarlı town, 1967

Before and shortly after the First World War the population of Imbros was ethnically Greek, with Greeks making up approximately 97. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All 5 percent of the islands population in 1927.

Because of their strategic position near the Dardanelles, the western powers, particularly Britain, insisted at the end of the Balkan Wars in 1913 that the island should be retained by the Ottoman Empire when the other Aegean islands were ceded to Greece. See also [[Hellespont]] The Dardanelles ( Turkish: Çanakkale Boğazı Greek: Δαρδανέλλια Dardanellia) formerly The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League ( Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία

In 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres with the defeated Ottoman Empire granted the island to Greece. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The Treaty of Sèvres ( 10 August 1920) was the Peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Ottoman government, which signed but did not ratify the treaty, was overthrown by the new Turkish nationalist Government of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, based in Ankara. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman After the Greco-Turkish War ended in Greek defeat in Anatolia, and the fall of Lloyd George and his Middle Eastern policies, the western powers agreed to the Treaty of Lausanne with the new Turkish Republic, in 1923. David Lloyd George 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor OM, PC (17 January 1863 &ndash 26 March 1945 was a British Statesman and the only The Treaty of Lausanne ( July 24, 1923) was a Peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the Partitioning Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This treaty made the island part of Turkey; but it guaranteed a special autonomous administrative status on Imbros and Tenedos to accommodate the Greeks, and excluded them from the population exchange that took place between Greece and Turkey, due to their presence there as a majority. The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey is the first large-scale population exchange, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches ^[4]

However shortly after the legislation of “Civil Law” on 17 February 1926 (Medeni Kanun), the rights accorded to minorities in Turkey were revoked, in violation of the Lausanne Treaty. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The Greek population

A studentless primary school in Dereköy. An old(from 1967) graffiti on the wall says "The most important guide in life is science". The script on the Atatürk statue says "The most happy is the one who says 'I am Turkish'". Dereköy village, formerly Shinudy, is now empty and ruinous, and under conservation by the Cultural Ministry

The island was primarily inhabited by ethnic Greeks from ancient times through to approximately the middle of the twentieth century. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Data dating from 1922 taken under Greek rule and 1927 data taken under Turkish rule showed a strong majority of Greek inhabitants on Imbros, and the Greek Orthodox Church had a strong presence on the island. The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches

Article 14 of the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) exempted Imbros and Tenedos from the large-scale population exchange that took place between Greece and Turkey, and required Turkey to accommodate the local Greek majority and their rights:

The islands of Imbros and Tenedos, remaining under Turkish sovereignty, shall enjoy a special administrative organisation composed of local elements and furnishing every guarantee for the native non-Moslem population insofar as concerns local administration and the protection of persons and property. The Treaty of Lausanne ( July 24, 1923) was a Peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the Partitioning Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The maintenance of order will be assured therein by a police force recruited from amongst the local population by the local administration above provided for and placed under its orders.

Thus, under the Turkish Republic, the islands were to be largely autonomous and self-governing, with their own police force. This provision was not guaranteed by anything more than the faith of the Treaty.

Intercommunal relations

The Greek emigrés from Turkey assert numerous violations of the religious, linguistic, and economic rights guaranteed as matters of international concern by the Treaty, including freedom of the Orthodox religion and the right to practice the professions. Leaders of the Greek community in Turkey "voluntarily waived" these rights in 1926; but the Treaty provides (Article 44) that these rights can only be modified by the consent of the majority of the Council of League of Nations. The emigrés assert that the signatures to the waivers were obtained by orders of the police, and that Avrilios Spatharis and Savvas Apostologlou, who refused to sign, were imprisoned. The Greek government appealed this action to the Council and was upheld, but Turkey has not complied.

In addition, the following grievances apply particularly to Imbros:

• In 1923, Turkey dismissed the elected government of the island, and installed mainlanders. 1500 Imbriots who had taken refuge from the Turkish War of Independence on Lemnos and in Thessalonica were denied the right to return, as undesirables. The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı May 19, 1919 October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed Lemnos (Λήμνος is an island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea. Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), Thessalonica, or Salonica is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia
• In 1927, the system of local administration on Imbros is abolished, and the Greek schools are closed. In 1952-3, the Greek Imbriots were permitted to build new ones, closed again in 1964.
• In 1943, Turkey arrested the Metropolitan of Imbros and Tenedos with other Orthodox clerics. They also confiscated the lands on Imbros belonging the monasteries of Great Lavra and Koutloumousiou on Mount Athos, expelled the tenants, and installed settlers; when the Mayor of Imbros and four village elders protested, they were arrested and sent to the mainland. The Monastery of Great Lavra (Μονή Μεγίστης Λαύρας is the first monastery built on Mount Athos. Koutloumousiou monastery (Μονή Κουτλουμουσίου is an Eastern Orthodox Monastery at the monastic state of Mount Athos in Greece Mount Athos (Όρος Άθως is a mountain on the Peninsula of the same name in Macedonia, of northern Greece, called in Greek Άγιον
• Between 1964 and 1984, almost all the usable land on Imbros, including all the land have been expropriated, for inadequate compensation, for an army camp, a minimum-security prison, reforestation projects, a dam project, and a national park.
• Nicholas Palaiopoulos, a town councilor, was arrested and imprisoned in 1966 for complaining to the Greek Ambassador on the latter's visit to Imbros; he, together with the Mayor of Imbros and 20 others, was imprisoned again in 1974.
• A crime wave has hit Imbros since 1964; the old Cathedral at Kastro (Kaleköy) was desecrated on the night of the Turkish landing on Cyprus; the present Cathedral was looted in March 1993; there have been a number of rapes and murders, officially blamed on convicts and soldiers, but none of them have been solved.
• In July 1993, the Turkish National Security began a program to settle mainland Turks on Imbros (and Tenedos).

Armed students of "İmroz Öğretmen Okulu/Imbros Education High School" against to a possible attack of Greece to the island,03. 12. 1967

All of these events have led to the Greeks emigrating from both islands. Before 1964, the population of Imbros was 7000 Greeks, and 200 mainland Turkish officials; by 1970 the Greeks were a minority at 40% of the population, and there remains only a very small Greek community on Imbros today, comprising several hundred mostly elderly people. Most of the former Greeks of Imbros and Tenedos are in diaspora in Greece, the United States, and Australia. The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. ^[5]

Geography

Zeytinli

Zeytinli at night

Barba Yorgo's Restaurant

Çınarlı 

Çınarlı is the main town on Imbros, known as Panaghia Balomeni (Παναγία Μπαλωμένη) in Greek. Most of the settlements on Imbros were given Turkish names in 1926. Çınarlı is in the middle of the island; there is a small airport under construction nearby.

Bademli köyü 

Older Greek name is Gliky (Γλυκύ). It is located to the northeast of the island, between Çınarlı town and Kaleköy/Kastro.

Dereköy 

Older Greek name is Shinudy (Σχοινούδι). It is located at the center of the west side of island. Due to the emigration of the Greek population, (largely to New Zealand and the USA; some to Greece and Istanbul before the 1970s), Dereköy is empty today. However, many people return on every August 15 for the festival of the Virgin Mary. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed

Eşelek / Karaca köyü 

It is located at the southeast of the island. It is an agricultural area that produces fruit and vegetables.

Kaleköy 

Older name is Kastro (Κάστρο) (Latin and Greek for castle). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. Located on the north-eastern coast of island, there is an antique castle near the village. Kaleköy also has a small port which was constructed by the French Navy during the occupation in the First World War, and is now used for fishing-boats and yachts.

Şahinkaya köyü 

It is located near Dereköy.

Şirinköy 

It is located in the southwest of island.

Tepeköy 

Older Greek name is Agridia (Αγριδιά). It is located in the north of the island, and is home to the largest Greek population on the island. Barba Yorgo' is a well-known inhabitant of the island. An extinct volcano is located south of village which is the highest point of island.

Uğurlu köyü 

It is located in the west of the island.

Yeni Bademli köyü 

It is located at the center-northeast of island, near Bademli. It has many motels and pensions.

Yenimahalle 

Older Greek name is Evlampio (Ευλάμπιο). It is located near Çınarlı Town on the road to Kuzulimanı port.

Zeytinli köyü 

Older Greek name is Aghios Theodoros (Άγιος Θεόδωρος). Demetrios Archontonis, known as Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, was born there on February 29, 1940. Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I ( Greek: Οἰκουμενικός Πατριάρχης Βαρθολομαῖος Α' Turkish: Patrik I Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It has a famous café where Madam Dibek (elderly Greek lady) used to serve her special Turkish/Greek style coffee which is prepared in a hand mortar. Turkish coffee (see name and variants for other names is coffee prepared by boiling finely powdered roast coffee beans in a pot ( Cezve) possibly with After she died, her husband is now continuing her legacy.

Others 

Yeni Bademli köyü, Eşelek / Karaca köyü, Şahinkaya köyü, Şirinköy and Uğurlu köyü were established after 1970.

Places to see

• Aydıncık/Kefaloz (Kefalos) beach: Best location for windsurfing
• Kapıkaya (Stenos) beach:
• Kaşkaval peninsula / (Kaskaval): Scuba diving
• Kuzulimanı (Haghios Kyrikas): Ferryport with 24-hour ferries to Gelibolu–Kabatepe port and Çanakkale port. Gelibolu in modern Turkish, (Καλλίπολις is the name of a town and a district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey, located on the Gallipoli Kabatepe, or Gaba Tepe, is a headland overlooking the northern Aegean Sea in what is now the Gallipoli Historic National Park on the Gallipoli peninsula Çanakkale (ʧɑˈnɑkːɑle is a town and seaport in Turkey, in Çanakkale Province, on the southern (Asian coast of the Dardanelles (or
• Mavikoy/Bluebay: The first national underwater park in Turkey. See also Marine reserve as many areas called parks are wholly or partly marine conservation reserves A marine park is a Park consisting Scuba diving allowed for recreational purposes.
• Marmaros beach: Also has a small waterfall.
• Pınarbaşı (Spilya) beach: Longest (and most sandy) beach on the island.

Population

Population change in Imbros

     Turkish people      Greek people

Ref: Gökçeada Municipality official page

Ref: Changes in the demographic characteristics of Gökçeada

People

• Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, spiritual leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I ( Greek: Οἰκουμενικός Πατριάρχης Βαρθολομαῖος Α' Turkish: Patrik I The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world
• Erol Saygı; Turkish academician. (Saygı, E. , (1985). Gökçeada :Imbros. Motif Basım LTD. STİ. , Istanbul)
• Ali Dağlı; The only shipowner who gave service to transport people and goods from mainland Turkey to Imbros, before the construction of Kuzulimanı Port.
• Namık ?; Cinematographer, who run for many years, between 1960s-1980s, a small cinema saloon, with the help of his Greek wife.
• Stavros Stavropoulos; Mayor, 1965-1970.

See also

• Treaty of Lausanne
• Greco-Turkish relations
• Treaty of Sèvres
• Tenedos

Notes

References

• Oxford Classical Dictionary s. "Imbros"
• Loeb Classical Library Athenaeus. Athenaeus ( Ancient Greek - Athếnaios Naukratios Latin Athenaeus Naucratita of Naucratis in Egypt Greek rhetorician and grammarian flourished
• The struggle for justice : 1923-1993 : 70 years of Turkish provocation and violations of the Treaty of Lausanne : a chronicle of human rights violations; Citizen’s Association of Constantinople-Imvros-Tenedos-Eastern Thrace of Thrace. Komotini (1993)
• Website on the misfortunes of the Greeks. While tendentious, the section (in the middle of the page) about the islands is not strident, and asserts several matters of fact.
• Text of the Treaty of Lausanne.
• Les îles d'Imbros et de Tenedos (French) Source for population.
• Homer - The Iliad - Book XIII - Reference is made to a cavern located between the rocky isles of Imbros and Tenedos supposedly the home of the God Poseidon

External links

• Gökçeada offical
• Çanakkale Municipality
• Gökçeada, from Britannica Student Encyclopedia. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc