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An imam (Arabic: إمام‎, Persian: امام) is an Islamic leader, often the leader of a mosque and/or community. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Similarly to spiritual leaders, the imam is the person who leads the prayer during Islamic gatherings. More often the community turn to the mosque imam, if they have an Islamic question. In smaller communities an imam could be the community leader based on the community setting.

Contents

Clerical imams

Shi'a imams

Main article: Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)

In the Shi'a context, Imam has a meaning more central to belief, referring to one of twelve historical persons (see list below). Imāmah (إمامة is the Shī‘ah doctrine of religious spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. Imāmah (إمامة is the Shī‘ah doctrine of religious spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shi'a believe that these Imams are chosen by God to be perfect examples for the faithful and to lead all humanity in all aspects of life. These leaders must be followed since they are appointed by Allah (God). Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for '

Here follows a list of the Shi'a Imams:

  1. Ali ibn Abi Talib (600–661), also known as Ali, Amir al-Mu'minin
  2. Hasan ibn Ali (625–669), also known as Hasan al-Mujtaba
  3. Husayn ibn Ali (626–680), also known as Husayn al-Shahid, also known as Sah Hüseyin
  4. Ali ibn Husayn (658–713), also known as Ali Zayn al-Abidin
  5. Muhammad ibn Ali (676–743), also known as Muhammad al-Baqir
  6. Jafar ibn Muhammad (703–765), also known as Jafar al-Sadiq
  7. Musa ibn Jafar (745–799), also known as Musa al-Kazim
  8. Ali ibn Musa (765–818), also known as Ali al-Raza
  9. Muhammad ibn Ali (810–835), also known as Muhammad al-Jawad (Muhammad at-Taqi), also known as Taqi
  10. Ali ibn Muhammad (827–868), also known as Ali al-Hadi, also known as Naqi
  11. Hasan ibn Ali (846–874), also known as Hasan al-Askari
  12. Muhammad ibn Hasan (868- ), also known as al-Hujjat ibn al-Hasan, also known as Mahdi; believed to be hidden by Allah (see Major Occultation). ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (a=علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب|t=ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 13th Rajab, 24 BH – 21st Ramaḍān, 40 AH Events By Place World The population of the Earth rises to about 208 million people Events By Place Europe Perctarit and Godepert become co-rulers of the Lombards, following the death of their Hasan ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib ( ar الحسن بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (Fifteenth of Ramadhān, 3 AH – Seventh or Twenty-eighth of Safar Events By Topic Religion March 23 - Battle of Uhud ( Muhammad retreats against the inhabitants of Mecca For the special unit of the Israel Defense Forces see Unit 669. Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar حسين بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (third of Shaban 4 AH / 8th January 626 AD at Medina Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Byzantines defeat the Avars and Slavs, who were besieging Constantinople Events By Place Europe The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria. ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn (Arabic علي بن حسين) (approximately 6 January 659 - 20 October 712 is a great-grandson of Muhammad as well as the fourth Events By place Europe The Union of Slavic Tribes falls apart after King Samo 's death ---- Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Philippicus is deposed Anastasius II is made emperor Events By Place Europe Æthelred invades Kent. Asia In Japan Emperor Temmu Events By Place Europe After an Interregnum of seven years Childeric III re-succeeds to the throne of the Frankish Empire Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī al-Baqir (محمد ابن علي الباقر) (676-743 AD or 1 Rajab 57 AH – 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 114 AH was the Fifth Imām Events Births An Lushan, military leader during the Tang Dynasty (d Events By Topic Religion Papal privileges are restored in Beneventino and Tuscany (and partly in Spoleto) Jaʿfar al-Sadiq (702-765 in accurate transliteration Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq Arabic: جعفر الصادق in full Jaʿfar ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn The New 745 Bio Sunnyland Ill - 745 — “Turning your wildest dreams into nightmares Events By Topic Religion 29 November — Pope Leo III, aided by Charles the Great, returns to Rome. Mūsá ibn Ja‘far ibn Muḥammad al-Kāżim (الإمام موسى الكاظم‎ ( October 28, 746 AD - September 1, 799 / Events By Topic Religion Papal privileges are restored in Beneventino and Tuscany (and partly in Spoleto) Events By Place Asia The State of Je falls to the Tang - Silla Alliance Ali ibn Musa al-Rida ( علي بن موسى الرضا) (Commonly known as Ali ar-Ridha Ali Reza (Eleventh of Dhu al-Qi'dah, 148 AH – Seventeenth of For the area code see Area code 810 Events By Place Byzantine Empire October 1 — A man with a Sword makes Events By Place Europe Ragnar Lodbrok rises to power (approximate date Muhammad al-Taqi or Muhammad al-Jawad ( Arabic: الإمام محمد الجواد) ( Rajab 10 195 AH - Dhu al-Qi'dah 29 Events By Place Europe Arabs invade Sicily. Agnellus Iustinianus Particiacus appointed Roman consul and Events By Place Asia 11 May — The Diamond Sutra, the oldest dated book is printed Imam Ali al-Hadi (الإمام علي الهادي also known as Imam Ali al-Naqi ( September 8, 828 &ndash July 1, 868) was Events By Place Europe Nominoe occupies Nantes and Rennes, he makes raids in Anjou and threatens Bayeux Events By Place Europe Ingólfur Arnarson arrives as the first permanent Viking settler in Iceland, settling Hasan al- Askari (الإمام الحسن بن علي العسكري (Eighth of Rabi' al-thani 232 AH – Eighth of Rabi' al-awwal 260 AH According to Twelver Shi'as Imam Hujjat al-Mahdī ( ar المهدى) (or Hujjat ibn Hasan ibn Ali is the twelfth Imam and the Events By Place Asia 11 May — The Diamond Sutra, the oldest dated book is printed According to Twelver Shi'as Imam Hujjat al-Mahdī ( ar المهدى) (or Hujjat ibn Hasan ibn Ali is the twelfth Imam and the In Twelver Shia Islam, the Major Occultation refers to the longer duration of the Occultation of the final and twelfth Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi

Fatimah, also Fatimah al-Zahraa, daughter of Muhammed (615–632), is also considered infallible but not an Imam. Fatimah (فاطمة c 605 –632 was a daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from his first wife Khadija. Events By Place Europe The Edict of Paris grants extensive rights to the Frankish nobility Events By Place Europe Khan Kubrat starts to rule in Great Bulgaria. Many Shi'a believe that the last Imam will one day return.

See Imamah (Shi'a Ismaili doctrine) for Ismaili list of Imams

Sunni imams

Part of a series on Islam
Usul al-Fiqh
(The Roots of Jurisprudence)
Fiqh
Ahkam
Scholarly titles
  • Marja (authority)
  • Alim (scholar; pl. This is a sub-article to Imamah (Shi'a doctrine. The Ismaili view on the Imamah differs from the Twelver Shi'a as well as Sunni views For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Uṣūl al-fiqh ( is a term which literally translates to the roots of the law and refers to the study of the origins sources and practice of Islamic jurisprudence Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Qur'an and Sunnah is an often quoted Islamic term regarding the sources of Islam Taqlid or taqleed ( Arabic تَقْليد taqlīd) is an Arabic term meaning "to follow (someone" or "to imitate" Ijtihad (Arabic اجتهاد is a technical term of Islamic law that describes the process of making a legal decision by independent interpretation of the legal sources Ijmā (إجماع is an Arabic term referring ideally to the Consensus of the Ummah (the community of Muslims, or followers of Islam Madhhab or Mazhab ( Arabic مذهب mæðhæb pl مذاهب mæðæːhıb) is an Islamic school of thought, or In Sunni Islamic jurisprudence,the qiyas ( Arabic قياس is the process of analogical reasoning in which the teachings of the Quran are compared Urf العرف is an Arabic Islamic term referring to the custom or 'knowledge' of a given society leading to change in the Fiqh فقه (Islamic Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the In Islam, bid‘ah ( is any type of Innovation. Though innovations in worldly matters are acceptable to an extent innovation within the religion is seen as a sin "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə. An ijazah is a certificate used primarily by Muslims to indicate that one has been authorized by a higher authority to transmit a certain subject or text of Islamic knowledge Istihlal (استحلال istiḥlāl) is a term used in Islamic Jurisprudence, or Fiqh, to refer to the act of regarding some action as permissible Istihsan (استحسان is an Arabic term for juristic "preference" A Resalah (Arabic for "journal" "pamphlet" or "book" (رسالة توضيح المسائل is a book written by a Shi'a Ahkam (أحكام plural of حكم is a reference to the Islamic commandments derived and understood from Religious jurisprudence resources (المنابع Halal (حلال ḥalāl, halaal) is an Arabic term meaning permissible. Fard (الفرض also farida (الفريضة is an Islamic term which denotes a religious duty Fard (الفرض also farida (الفريضة is an Islamic term which denotes a religious duty Mustahabb (Arabic مستحبّ literally "recommended" is an Islamic term referring to recommended favored or virtuous actions Mubah (Arabic مباح is an Islamic Arabic term denoting an action as neither forbidden nor recommended and so religiously neutral In Islamic terminology something which is makruh ( Arabic مكروه also transliterated makrouh, makrūh etc Haraam (حرام is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden" Batil is an Arabic word meaning falsehood and can be used to describe a nullified or invalid act or contract according to the Sharia. Fasiq (فاسق Pluralفاسقين Fasiqeen is an Arabic term referring to someone who violates Islamic law. Marja ( Arabic / Persian: مرجع also appearing as Marja Taqlid or Marja Dini ( Arabic / Persian: مرجع تقليد Ulema ( ar علماء,, singular ar عالِم,, "scholar" refers to the educated class of Muslim legal scholars engaged in the several Ulema)
  • Mufti (interpreter)
  • Qadi (judge)
  • Faqih (jurist)
  • Muhaddith (narrator)
  • Mullah
  • Imam
  • Mawlawi
  • Sheikh
  • Mujaddid (reviver)
  • Hafiz
  • Hujja
  • Hakim
  • Amir al-Mu'minin reg. This article is about an Islamic scholar Mufti can also refer to civilian dress. Qadi (also known as Qazi or Kazi or Kadi) (قاضي is a judge ruling in accordance with the Sharia, Islamic religious law A Faqih (plural Fuqaha') (فقيه pl فقهاء is an expert in Fiqh, or Islamic Jurisprudence. Muhaddith is an Islamic title referring to one who profoundly knows and narrates Hadiths the chains of their narration ( asaneed) and the original and famous Mullah ( ملا) is a Muslim learned in Islamic theology and sacred law Mawlawi (also spelled Maulvi, Moulvi and Mawlvi Persian مولوی is an honorific Islamic religious title often but not exclusively given Sheikh, also rendered as Sheik, Cheikh, Shaikh, and other variants ( Arabic:, shaykh A Mujaddid (مجدد in Islamic tradition refers to a person who Muslims believe is sent by God in the first half of every century of the Islamic Hafith or Hafiz ( Arabic: حافظ قرآن or حافظ plural huffaz) literally meaning 'guardian' is a term used by Muslims in modern and are two Arabic titles (also borrowed from Arabic into various eastern languages derived from the same Triliteral ḤKM "appoint choose judge" hadith
  • Maulana
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The term is also used for a recognized religious leader or teacher in Islam, often for the founding scholars of the four Sunni madhhabs, or schools of religious jurisprudence (fiqh). Madhhab or Mazhab ( Arabic مذهب mæðhæb pl مذاهب mæðæːhıb) is an Islamic school of thought, or Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the It may also refer to the imams of the sciences related to Hadith or to the heads of the Prophet's descendants in their times. Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic In other words, Imam Ali is a phrase used by both Shi'a and Sunni Muslims, though with different connotations[1].

The Sunni sect does not have imams in the same sense as the Shi'a sect. The imam in the Sunni sect of Islam is the leader of prayers; the sermon is most often given by the Sheikh. Sheikh, also rendered as Sheik, Cheikh, Shaikh, and other variants ( Arabic:, shaykh

However, there are some people whom Sunnis call "Imams" who are not prayer leaders. They are not Imams in the Shi'a sense of the word, but they are those who started the four Sunni Madhabs. Madhhab or Mazhab ( Arabic مذهب mæðhæb pl مذاهب mæðæːhıb) is an Islamic school of thought, or List:

Madhhab Aqidah Science of hadith
Imam Abu Hanifa Imam al-Ashari Imam Bukhari
Imam Malik Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi Imam Abu Dawood
Imam Shafi'i Imam Fakhr al-Razi
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Imam Abu Dawood

Zaidi imams as rulers of Yemen

In the Zaidi Shiite sect, Imams were temporal as well as spiritual leaders who held power in Yemen for more than a thousand years. Madhhab or Mazhab ( Arabic مذهب mæðhæb pl مذاهب mæðæːhıb) is an Islamic school of thought, or Aqidah (sometimes spelled Aqeeda, Aqidah or Aqida) (عقيدة is an Islamic term meaning Creed. This is a sub-article of Scientific method and Hadith. The Science of hadith is the process that Muslim scholars use to evaluate hadith Al-Imam al-A'zam ( الامام الاعظم) "The Greatest Imam" Nu’man bin Thabit bin Zuta bin Mahan ( النعمان بن ثابت‎) better known by TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abū al-Hasan Alī ibn Ismā'īl al-Ash'arī (874 &ndash 936 (ابو الحسن بن Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, popularly known as Al-Bukhari ( البخاري) or Imam Bukhari (810-870 was a famous Sunni TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Malik ibn Anas ibn Malik ibn 'Amr al-Asbahi ( Arabic مالك بن أنس Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Abu Mansur al-Samarqandi al-Maturidi al-Hanafi ( Arabic: محمد بن محمد بن محمود أبو منصور الماتريدي السمرقندي TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abu Da'ud or Abu Dawod, full name Abu Da'ud Sulayman ibn Ash`ath TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Al-Shafi'i, Arabic Jurist (150 AH/767 AD - 204 AH/820 AD TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn al-Husayn al-Taymi al-Bakri al-Tabaristani Fakhr al-Din al-Razi ( Arabic / Ahmed ibn Hanbal ( Arabic: ‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎أحمد بن حنبل‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎ ‎‎‎‎‎‎‎ Ahmad bin Hanbal) (780 - TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abu Da'ud or Abu Dawod, full name Abu Da'ud Sulayman ibn Ash`ath Zaidiyya, Zaidism or Zaydism (Arabic الزيدية az-zaydiyya, adjective form Zaidi or Zaydi) is a Shī'a Madhhab Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya In 897, a Zaidi ruler, Yahya al-Hadi ila'l Haqq, founded a line of such Imams, a theocratic form of government which survived until the second half of the 20th century. Events By place Asia Emperor Uda of Japan is succeeded by Emperor Daigo. (See details under Zaidi, History of Yemen. Zaidiyya, Zaidism or Zaydism (Arabic الزيدية az-zaydiyya, adjective form Zaidi or Zaydi) is a Shī'a Madhhab The history of Yemen is especially important because Yemen is one of the oldest centers of Civilization in the Near East. )

See also

References

  1. ^ The Rightly-Guided Caliphs & The Four Imams

External links

Imāmah (إمامة is the Shī‘ah doctrine of religious spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah.

Dictionary

imam

-noun

  1. A Shiite Muslim leader.
  2. One who leads the salat prayers in a Mosque.
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