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The Sky God kills the dragon Illuyankas. Behind him his son Sarruma The twisting body of the snake is depicted in undulating lines with human figures sliding along Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Ankara, Turkey
The Sky God kills the dragon Illuyankas. Behind him his son Sarruma

The twisting body of the snake is depicted in undulating lines with human figures sliding along
Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Ankara, Turkey

In Hittite mythology, Illuyanka was a serpentine dragon slain by Tarhunt (dIM), the Hittite incarnation of the Hurrian god of sky and storm. Sarruma or Sharruma is an originally Hurrian god who was adopted into the Hittite pantheon Heavily influenced by Mesopotamian mythology, the religion of the Hittites and Luwians retains noticeable Indo-European elements Serpent is a word of Latin origin (from serpens serpentis "something that creeps snake" that is commonly used in a specifically mythic or The dragon is a Legendary creature of which some interpretation or depiction appears in almost every culture worldwide Teshub (also written Teshup) was the Hurrian god of sky and storm Dingir is the Sumerian for " Deity " It is written as an Ideogram in the Cuneiform script (Borger 2003 nr Hittite or Nesili is the Extinct language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who created an empire centered on ancient Hattusas (modern The Hurrians (also Khurrites; cuneiform Ḫu-ur-ri 𒄷𒌨𒊑 were a people of the Ancient Near East, who lived in northern Mesopotamia It is known from Hittite cuneiform tablets found at Çorum-Boğazköy, the former Hittite capital Hattusha. Hittite cuneiform refers to the implementation of Cuneiform script used in writing the Hittite language. Hattusa (URU Ḫa-at-tu-ša 𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 Unicode cuneiform article to display these cuneiform characters--> The context is a ritual of the Hattian spring festival of Puruli. The Hattians were an ancient people who inhabited the land of Hatti in present-day central and southeastern parts of Anatolia, Turkey. Puruli ( was a Hattian spring festival held at Nerik, dedicated to the earth goddess Hannahanna, who is married to a new king

The myth is found in Catalogue des Textes Hittites 321, which gives two consecutive versions. The corpus of texts written in the Hittite language is indexed by the Catalogue des Textes Hittites (CTH since 1971, edited by Emmanuel

Contents

Name

Main article: Eel#Name

Illuyanka is probably a compound, consisting of two words for "snake", Proto-Indo-European *illu- and *ang(w)a-. True eels ( Anguilliformes) are an order of Fish, which consists of four suborders 19 families 110 Genera and approximately 600 The same compound members, inverted, appear in Latin anguilla "eel". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Anguillidae is a family of fishes that contains many of the freshwater eels. The *illu- word is cognate to English eel, the anka- word to Sanskrit ahi. True eels ( Anguilliformes) are an order of Fish, which consists of four suborders 19 families 110 Genera and approximately 600 Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical In the early Vedic religion, Vritra ( Sanskrit: वृत्र ( Devanāgarī) or Vṛtra ( IAST) "the enveloper" was an Asura

Narrative

In the first version, the two gods fight and Illuyanka wins. Teshub then goes to the Hattian goddess Inaras for advice. In Hittite - Hurrian mythology, Inara was the daughter of the Storm-god Teshub or Tarhunt and the goddess of the wild animals of the steppe Having promised her love to a mortal named Hupasiyas in return for his help, she devises a trap for the dragon. She goes to him with large quantities of food and drink, and entices him to drink his fill. Once drunk, the dragon is bound by Hupasiyas with a rope. Then the Sky God Teshub appears with the other gods and kills the dragon.

In the second version, after the two gods fight and Teshub loses, Illuyanka takes Teshub's eyes and heart. To avenge himself upon the dragon, the Sky God Teshub marries the goddess Hebat, daughter of a mortal, named Arm. The Mother goddess of the Hurrians. Hebat also Kheba or Khepat, known as "the mother of all living" was the consort of Teshub They have a son, Sarruma, who grows up and marries the daughter of the dragon Illuyanka. Sarruma or Sharruma is an originally Hurrian god who was adopted into the Hittite pantheon The Sky God Teshub tells his son to ask for his eyes and heart as a wedding gift, and he does so. His eyes and heart restored, Teshub goes to face the dragon Illuyanka once more. At the point of vanquishing the dragon, Sarruma finds out about the battle and realizes that he had been used for this purpose. He demands that his father take his life along with Illuyanka's, and so Teshub kills them both with thundery rain and lightning. This version is illustrated on a relief to was found at Malatya (dating from 1050-850 BC) and is on display in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara, Turkey. Malatya ( Hittite: Melid; Greek: Μαλάτεια Malateia; Armenian: Մալաթիա Malatia; Kurdish: The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations (Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi is located on the south side of Ankara Castle in the Atpazarı area in Ankara, Turkey Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul.

Interpretation

The Hittite texts were introduced in 1930 by W. Porzig, who first made the comparison of Teshub's battle with Illuyankas with the sky-god Zeus' battle with serpent-like Typhon, told in Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke (I. Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology In Greek mythology, Typhon ( Ancient Greek:, Tuphōn) also Typheus / Typhoeus ( Tuphōeus) Typhaon ( The Bibliotheca (in English: Library) in three books provides a grand summary of traditional Greek mythology and heroic Legends 6. 3); the Hittite-Greek parallels found few adherents at the time, the Hittite myth of the castration of the god of heaven by Kumarbi, with its clearer parallels to Greek myth, not having yet been deciphered and edited. Kumarbi is the Hurrian god son of Anu, and father of the Weather-God Teshub.

Manuscripts

Catalogue des Textes Hittites 321 consists of the following tablets (Beckman 1982, p. 12):

None of the individual versions is complete. Text A is the most complete, including 30 out of 36 paragraphs.

References

Sources

See also

Encyclopedia Mythica is an internet Encyclopedia of Folklore, Mythology, and Religion. Lotan or Lawtan is the seven-headed sea serpent or Dragon of Ugaritic myths (Etymologically = the serpent of Law/Lot
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