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Ileum
Small intestine
The cecal fossa. The ileum and cecum are drawn backward and upward. The cecum or caecum (from the Latin caecus meaning Blind) is a pouch connected to the Ascending colon of the Large
Gray's subject #248 1171
Artery ileal arteries
Vein ileal veins
Nerve celiac ganglia, vagus [1]
Precursor midgut
Not to be confused with ilium (bone). Gray's Anatomy the Respiratory apparatus ( Apparatus Respiratorius Respiratory system Respiratory apparatus Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. The ileal arteries are branches of the Superior mesenteric artery. In the Circulatory system, a vein is a Blood vessel that carries Blood back toward the Heart (as opposed to Artery, a blood vessel The ileal veins are tributaries of the Superior mesenteric vein. A nerve is an enclosed cable-like bundle of peripheral Axons (the long slender projections of Neurons. The celiac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of Nerve tissue in the upper Abdomen. The vagus nerve (ˈveɪˌgəs (VĀ-gəs (also called pneumogastric nerve or cranial nerve X) is the tenth of twelve paired Cranial nerves, and is the Embryology (from Greek grc ἔμβρυον embryon, "unborn embryo" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the development The midgut is the portion of the Embryo from which most of the Intestines are derived The ilium of the Pelvis is divisible into two parts the body and the ala the separation is indicated on the top surface by a curved line the arcuate line and on the

In anatomy of the digestive system, the ileum is the final section of the small intestine. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed In Biology the small Intestine is the part of the Gastrointestinal tract (gut between the Stomach and the Large intestine, and comprises It is about 2-4 m long in humans, follows the duodenum and jejunum, and is separated from the cecum by the ileocecal valve (ICV). Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25-30 cm (10-12 in long connecting the Stomach to the Jejunum In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the jejunum is the central of the three divisions of the Small intestine and lies between the Duodenum and The cecum or caecum (from the Latin caecus meaning Blind) is a pouch connected to the Ascending colon of the Large The ileocecal valve is a Sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the Small intestine (ileum and the Large intestine. The pH in the ileum is usually between 7 and 8 (neutral or slightly alkaline). pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution.

Contents

Function

Its function is mainly to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum. Bile acids (also known as bile salts are Steroid Acids found predominantly in the Bile of Mammals. The wall itself is made up of folds, each of which has many tiny finger-like projections known as villi, on its surface. Villus ( Latin: "shaggy hair" plural villi) can refer to Intestinal villus. In turn, the epithelial cells which line these villi possess even larger numbers of microvilli. Microvilli (singular microvillus) are microscopic cellular membrane protrusions that increase the surface area of cells and are involved in a wide variety of functions including Therefore the ileum has an extremely large surface area both for the adsorption (attachment) of enzyme molecules and for the absorption of products of digestion. Adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or liquid Solute accumulates on the surface of a solid or a liquid (adsorbent forming a film of molecules or atoms (the Enzymes are Biomolecules that catalyze ( ie increase the rates of Chemical reactions Almost all enzymes are Proteins Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed The DNES (diffuse neuroendocrine system) cells that line the ileum contain the protease and carbohydrase enzymes (gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin) responsible for the final stages of protein and carbohydrate digestion. Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most These enzymes are present in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. The cytoplasm is the contents of a cell that is enclosed within the Plasma membrane. In biology and medicine epithelium is a tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body The villi contain large numbers of capillaries which take the amino acids and glucose produced by digestion to the hepatic portal vein and the liver. The hepatic portal vein (often portal vein for short is a Portal vein in the human body that drains blood from the Digestive system and its associated

Lacteals are small lymph vessels, and are present in villi. A lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the Small intestine. They absorb fatty acid and glycerol, the products of fat digestion. In Chemistry, especially Biochemistry, a fatty acid is a Carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched Aliphatic tail ( chain) which Layers of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle enable the digested food to be pushed along the ileum by waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis. Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder In the Esophagus After food is chewed into a bolus it is swallowed to move it into the esophagus

Differences between jejunum and ileum

There is no line of demarcation between the jejunum and the ileum. There are, however, subtle differences between the two.

These unencapsulated lymphoid nodules contain large amounts of lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system. A Lymph node ( lɪmf noʊd is an organ consisting of many types of cells and is a part of the Lymphatic system. A lymphocyte is a type of White blood cell in the Vertebrate Immune system. An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor

Embryology

In the fetus the ileum is connected to the navel by the vitelline duct. A fetus (or foetus or fœtus) is a developing Mammal or other Viviparous Vertebrate, after the Embryonic stage and The navel (also called an umbilicus or colloquially belly button) is a Scar on the Abdomen, caused when the Umbilical cord is removed At the end of the fourth week the Yolk-sac presents the appearance of a small pear-shaped vesicle (umbilical vesicle opening into the digestive tube by a long narrow tube the vitelline In roughly 3% of humans, this duct fails to close during the first seven weeks after birth, causing a condition called Meckel's diverticulum. A Meckel's diverticulum, a true Congenital Diverticulum, is a small bulge in the small intestine present at birth

Veterinary anatomy

In veterinary anatomy, the ileum is distinguished from the jejunum by being that portion of the jejunoileum that is connected to the caecum by the ileocaecal fold. The cecum or caecum (from the Latin caecus meaning Blind) is a pouch connected to the Ascending colon of the Large

Additional images

Inferior ileocecal fossa.

Arteries of cecum and vermiform process.

Goblet cell in ileum

General structure of the gut wall. Goblet cells are Glandular simple columnar epithelial cells whose sole function is to secrete Mucus.

References

  1. ^ Physiology at MCG 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30

External links

The Medical College of Georgia, also known as MCG, is a public medical Research university located in downtown Augusta Georgia. The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kind For similarly-named academic institutions see Education in Boston MA.

Dictionary

ileum

-noun

  1. (anatomy) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine.
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