| Ignacy Krasicki | |
 Portrait by Per Kraft, 1767. National Museum, Warsaw. The National Museum Warsaw, in Poland, was established on 20 May 1862 as the "Museum of Fine Arts Warsaw" and in 1916 renamed "National Museum
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| Born | February 3, 1735, Dubiecko, Galicia. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1735 ( MDCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Galicia (Галичина ( Halychyna) Galicja is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, |
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| Died | March 14, 1801 (aged 66), Berlin. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. |
| Occupation | Writer, Primate of Poland. A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms |
Ignacy Krasicki (February 3, 1735 – March 14, 1801), from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus, Primate of Poland), was Poland's leading Enlightenment poet ("the Prince of Poets"), Poland's La Fontaine, author of the first Polish novel, playwright, journalist, encyclopedist, and translator from French and Greek. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1735 ( MDCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in the Western Europe, as Polish Bourgeoisie was weaker and Szlachta A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Fables and Parables ( Bajki i przypowieści, 1779 by Ignacy Krasicki, is a noted work in a long international tradition of fable-writing that The Adventures of Mr Nicholas Wisdom (Mikołaja Doświadczyńskiego przypadki written in Polish in 1776 by Ignacy Krasicki, is the first A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or Drama. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends An encyclopedia (or '''encyclopædia''') is a comprehensive written Compendium that contains Information on either all branches of Knowledge Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly
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Life
Krasicki was born in Dubiecko, on southern Poland's San River in Galicia, into a family bearing the title of count of the Holy Roman Empire. History In historical records the river was first mentioned in 1097 as Sanъ, reku Sanъ, k Sanovi, nad Sanomъ (1152 and Sanu Galicia (Галичина ( Halychyna) Galicja is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, Graf is a historical German noble title equal in rank to a Count (derived from the Latin Comes, with a history of its own or a British The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in He was related to the most illustrious families in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and spent his childhood surrounded with the love and caring solicitude of his own family. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic He attended a Jesuit school in Lwów, then studied at a Warsaw Catholic seminary (1751-54). Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is a specialized and often live-in Higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students In 1759 he took holy orders, and continued his education in Rome (1759-61). In a general sense the term Holy Orders refers to those in the Christian religion who have been ordained in Apostolic Succession. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Two of his brothers also entered the priesthood.
Returning to Poland, Krasicki became secretary to the Primate of Poland and developed a friendship with the future King Stanisław August Poniatowski. Stanisław II August Poniatowski (born Count Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; January 17 1732 – February 12 1798 was the last King When Poniatowski was elected king (1764), Krasicki became his chaplain. A chaplain is typically a Priest, Pastor, ordained Deacon, Rabbi, Imam or other member of the Clergy serving a group of He participated in the King's famous "Thursday dinners" and co-founded the Monitor, the preeminent Polish Enlightenment periodical, sponsored by the King. The Thursday Dinners (obiady czwartkowe were meetings of artists intellectuals and statesmen held by the last King of Poland, Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski in Monitor was the first newspaper in Poland, printed from 1765 to 1785, during the times of the Polish Enlightenment. The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in the Western Europe, as Polish Bourgeoisie was weaker and Szlachta
In 1766 Krasicki was elevated to Prince-Bishop of Warmia, with the title of Prince and ex officio membership in the Senate of the Commonwealth. This office gave him a high standing in the social hierarchy and a sense of independence. It did not, however, prove a quiet haven. The chapter welcomed its superior coolly, fearing changes. Chapter ( Latin capitulum) designates certain corporate ecclesiastical bodies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Nordic Lutheran At the same time, there were growing provocations and pressures from Prussia, preparatory to seizure of Warmia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Warmia (Warmia Latin: Varmia) or Erm(eland ( is a region between Pomerania and Masuria in northeastern Poland The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Krasicki protested publicly against external intervention. He also wished to save Warmia from civil war.
In 1772, as a result of the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, instigated by Prussia's King Frederick II ("the Great"), Krasicki became a Prussian subject. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Frederick II (Friedrich II January 24 1712 August 17 1786) was a King of Prussia (1740&ndash1786 from the He did not, however, pay homage to Warmia's new master.
He would now make frequent visits to Berlin, Potsdam and Sanssouci at the bidding of Frederick, with whom he cultivated an acquaintance. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Also see Potsdam New York (in the USA For the Potsdam Conference see Potsdam Conference. Sanssouci is the former summer palace of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, at Potsdam, near This created a difficult situation for the poet-bishop who, while a friend of the Polish king, was forced to maintain social and administrative contacts with the Prussian King. These realities could not but influence the nature and direction of Krasicki's subsequent literary productions, perhaps nowhere more so than in the Fables and Parables (1779). Fables and Parables ( Bajki i przypowieści, 1779 by Ignacy Krasicki, is a noted work in a long international tradition of fable-writing that
Soon after the First Partition, Krasicki officiated at the 1773 opening of St. Hedwig's Cathedral, which Frederick had built for Catholic immigrants to Brandenburg and Berlin. St Hedwig's Cathedral ( German: Sankt-Hedwigs-Kathedrale) is a Roman Catholic Cathedral on the Bebelplatz in Berlin, The Margraviate of Brandenburg (Markgrafschaft Brandenburg was a major Principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 In 1786 Krasicki was called to the Berlin Akademie der Künste (Academy of Arts). The Akademie der Künste Berlin ( Academy of the Arts Berlin) is an arts institution in Berlin, Germany. His residences at Lidzbark and Smolajny became centers of artistic patronage. For other meanings see Lidzbark (disambiguation. Lidzbark ( is a town with 8670 inhabitants in the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship
In 1795, six years before his death, Krasicki was elevated to Archbishop of Gniezno (thus, to Primate of Poland). In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead Gniezno (Gnesen is a Town in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 73000 people
Krasicki was honored by the King of Poland with the Order of the White Eagle and the Order of Saint Stanisław, as well as with a special medal featuring the Latin device, "Signum laude virum musa vetat mori"; and by the King of Prussia, with the Order of the Red Eagle. The Order of the White Eagle (Order Orła Białego is Poland 's highest decoration awarded to both civilians and the military for their merits The Order of Saint Stanislaus (Polish Order św Stanisława Russian Орденъ св Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Order of the Red Eagle (Roter-Adler-Orden was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia.
Upon his death in Berlin in 1801, Krasicki was laid to rest at St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin, which he had consecrated. In 1829 his remains were transferred to Poland's Gniezno Cathedral. Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St
Works
Krasicki's literary writings lent splendor to the reign of Poland's King Stanisław August Poniatowski, while not directly advocating the King's political program. Stanisław II August Poniatowski (born Count Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; January 17 1732 – February 12 1798 was the last King
Krasicki, the leading representative of Polish classicism, debuted with the strophe-hymn, Święta miłości kochanej ojczyzny (Sacred Love of the Beloved Country). Classicism came to Poland in the 18th century The center of Polish classicism is Warsaw under the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski. Strophe ( Greek στροφή, turn bend twist, see also Phrase) is a concept in versification which properly A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities He was then about forty years old. It was thus a late debut that brought the extraordinary success of this strophe, a fragment of song IX of the mock-heroic poem, Myszeidos (Mouseiad, 1775). Mock-heroic or heroi-comic works are typically Satires or Parodies that mock common Classical stereotypes of Heroes and heroic literature Krasicki here formulated a universal idea of patriotism, expressed in high style and elevated tone. Patriotism is commonly defined as love of and/or devotion to one's country The strophe would later, for many years, serve as a national hymn and see many translations, including three different ones into French. A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's
The Prince Bishop of Warmia gave excellent Polish form to all the genres of European classicism. For the works or study of works from classical antiquity see Classics Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to He also blazed paths for new genres. Prominent among these was the first modern Polish novel, Mikołaja Doświadczyńskiego przypadki (The Adventures of Nicholas Experience, 1776), a synthesis of all the varieties of the Enlightenment novel: the social-satirical, the adventure (à la Robinson Crusoe), the Utopian and the didactic. The Adventures of Mr Nicholas Wisdom (Mikołaja Doświadczyńskiego przypadki written in Polish in 1776 by Ignacy Krasicki, is the first The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (of York Mariner Who lived Eight and Twenty Years all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America near the Mouth Utopia is a name for an ideal community taken from the title of a book written in 1516 by Sir Thomas More describing a fictional Island in the Didacticism is an artistic philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in Literature and other types of Art.
Tradition has it that Krasicki's mock-heroic poem, Monachomachia (War of the Monks, 1778), was inspired by a conversation with Frederick II at the palace of Sanssouci, where Krasicki was staying in an apartment once used by Voltaire. Sanssouci is the former summer palace of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, at Potsdam, near François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French At the time, the poem's publication caused a public scandal.
The most enduring literary monument of the Polish Enlightenment is Krasicki's fables: Bajki i Przypowieści (Fables and Parables, 1779) and Bajki nowe (New Fables, published posthumously, 1802). The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in the Western Europe, as Polish Bourgeoisie was weaker and Szlachta A fable is a succinct story in prose or verse that features Animals Plants inanimate objects, or forces of nature which are Fables and Parables ( Bajki i przypowieści, 1779 by Ignacy Krasicki, is a noted work in a long international tradition of fable-writing that The poet also set down his trenchant observations of the world and human nature in Satyry (Satires, 1779). Human nature is the concept that there are a set of logical characteristics including ways of thinking feeling and acting that all 'normal' human beings have in common Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human
Other works by Krasicki include the novels, Pan Podstoli (Lord High Steward, published in three parts, 1778, 1784 and posthumously 1803), which would help inspire works by Mickiewicz, and Historia (History, 1779); the epic, Wojna chocimska (The Chocim War, 1780, about the Khotyn War); and numerous other works, in homiletics, theology and heraldry. Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (pronounced ] in Belarusian, Адам Міцкевіч; in Lithuanian, Adomas Bernardas Mickevičius; December Khotyn (Хотин see other names) is a City in Chernivtsi Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine, and is the administrative Homiletics ( Gr homiletikos, from homilos, to assemble together in Theology the application of the general principles of Rhetoric Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. He also published, in 1781, a two-volume encyclopedia, Zbiór potrzebniejszych wiadomości (A Collection of Needful Knowledge), the second Polish general encyclopedia after Nowe Ateny (The New Athens) of Benedykt Chmielowski. An encyclopedia (or '''encyclopædia''') is a comprehensive written Compendium that contains Information on either all branches of Knowledge Benedykt Joachim Chmielowski (1700 - 1753 was a Polish priest born in Łuck. He wrote Listy o ogrodach (Letters about Gardens), and articles to the Monitor and to his own newspaper, Co Tydzień (Each Week). He translated Plutarch and Ossian into Polish. Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ( Greek: Μέστριος Πλούταρχος c Ossian is the narrator and supposed author of a cycle of poems which the Scottish poet James Macpherson claimed to have translated from ancient sources in the
Krasicki's major works won European fame and were translated into Latin, French, German, Italian, Russian, Czech, Croatian, Slovene, Hungarian. Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Slovene or Slovenian ( slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with Slovenčina) is a South Slavic language Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. The broad reception of his works was sustained throughout the 19th century.
Krasicki has been the subject of works by poets of the Polish Enlightenment — Stanisław Trembecki, Franciszek Zabłocki, Wojciech Mier — and in the 20th century, by Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński. The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in the Western Europe, as Polish Bourgeoisie was weaker and Szlachta Stanisław Trembecki (1739-1812 was a Polish Enlightenment poet well known for his poems Na dzień siódmy września and Nadgrobek hajduka, Franciszek Zabłocki Coat of arms Łada (1754&ndash1821 Końskowola) is considered the most distinguished Polish comic Dramatist and Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński ( January 23, 1905 - December 6, 1953) was a Polish poet He has been the hero of prose works by Wincenty Pol, Adolf Nowaczyński and Henryk Sienkiewicz. Wincenty Pol (20 April 1807 - 2 December 1872 was a Polish Poet and Geographer.
See also
| Preceded by Michał Poniatowski |
Primate of Poland Archbishop of Gniezno 1795 – 1801 |
Succeeded by Ignacy Raczyński |
References
- Czesław Miłosz, The History of Polish Literature, 2nd ed. Fables and Parables ( Bajki i przypowieści, 1779 by Ignacy Krasicki, is a noted work in a long international tradition of fable-writing that Political fiction is a Subgenre of Fiction that deals with Political affairs. This is a list of Fictional stories in which Politics features as an important plot element Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. The majority of Polish literature was written in the Polish language, though other languages used in Poland Czesław Miłosz; ( June 30, 1911 — August 14, 2004) was a Polish Poet, prose writer and Translator , Berkeley, University of California Press, 1983, pp. 176-81.
- Julian Krzyżanowski, Historia literatury polskiej: Alegoryzm — preromantyzm (A History of Polish Literature: Allegorism — Preromanticism), Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1974, pp. 435-54.
- Jan Zygmunt Jakubowski, ed. , Literatura polska od śreniowiecza do pozytywizmu (Polish Literature from the Middle Ages to Positivism), Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1979, pp. 245-54.
External links
- Biography at monika.univ.gda.pl
- Biography at poetrymagic.com
- Biography at polishconstitution.org
- Collected works (in Polish)
- Other works (in Polish)
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Krasicki, Ignacy |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 3, 1735 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dubiecko, Galicia |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 14, 1801 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Berlin |
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