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Ichthyornis
Fossil range: Late Cretaceous
Ichthyornis dispar
Ichthyornis dispar
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Subclass: Carinatae
Infraclass: Palaeornithes
(unranked) Ichthyornithes
Order: Ichthyornithiformes
Fürbringer, 1888
Family: Ichthyornithidae
Marsh, 1873
Genus: Ichthyornis
Marsh, 1872
Species: I. Late Cretaceous (100mya - 65mya refers to the second half of the Cretaceous Period, named after the famous white Chalk cliffs of southern England Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. In Phylogenetic taxonomy the Carinatae are considered the last common ancestor of Neornithes (living Birds and Ichthyornis (an extinct Max Fürbringer ( January 30, 1846 – March 6, 1920) was a German anatomist. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year dispar
Binomial name
Ichthyornis dispar
Marsh, 1872
Synonyms

see article text

Ichthyornis is a genus of seabird from the Late Cretaceous of North America. In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Seabirds are Birds that have adapted to life within the marine environment Late Cretaceous (100mya - 65mya refers to the second half of the Cretaceous Period, named after the famous white Chalk cliffs of southern England Its fossil remains are known from the (Turonian-Middle Campanian, 93. FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. The Turonian is a stage of the Late Cretaceous Epoch. It spans the time between 93 The Campanian is a stage on the Geologic time scale occurring from 83 5-75 mya) chalks of Alberta, Alabama, Kansas, New Mexico, Saskatchewan, and Texas, in strata that were laid down in the Western Interior Seaway; some fossils from other locations like Argentina and Central Asia are sometimes referred to this taxon. In Astronomy, Geology, and Paleontology, mya or " mya " is an abbreviation for "million years ago". Chalk (ʧɔːk is a soft white porous Sedimentary rock, a form of Limestone composed of the Mineral Calcite. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The Western Interior Seaway, also called the Cretaceous Seaway, the Niobraran Sea, and the North American Inland Sea, was a huge inland Sea For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south A taxon (plural taxa) or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or a group of Organisms In Biological nomenclature according to

It is thought that Ichthyornis was the Cretaceous ecological equivalent of modern seabirds such as gulls, petrels, and skimmers. Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of Gulls (often informally Seagulls) are birds in the family Laridae This article is about the petrel seabirds For other uses see Petrel (disambiguation. The Skimmers, Rhynchopidae, are a small family of Tern -like Birds in the order Charadriiformes which also includes the Waders Gulls At 60 cm (2 ft), it was the size of a gull.

Although the wings and breastbone are very modern in appearance (suggesting strong flight ability), the jaws retained numerous small, sharp teeth. Unlike earlier birds such as Enantiornithes, it appears to have matured to adulthood in a rather short, continuous process (Chinsamy et al. Enantiornithes is an extinct group of primitive Birds They were the most abundant and diverse avialans of the Mesozoic. 1998).

Ichthyornis was first discovered in 1870, by Benjamin Franklin Mudge. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Benjamin Franklin Mudge ( August 11 1817 &ndash November 21 1879) was an American Lawyer, Geologist and Othniel Charles Marsh's 1880 monograph on "Odontornithes" remains the most important general reference on this animal. Othniel Charles Marsh ( October 29, 1831 &ndash March 18, 1899) was one of the pre-eminent Paleontologists of the 19th century who Odontornithes is an obsolete taxonomic term proposed by O C Marsh for Birds possessing Teeth, notably the genera Hesperornis Of the several described species, only one, Ichthyornis dispar, is currently recognized, following the seminal review by Clarke (2004). However, many bird species show little difference in their skeletons, and the Ichthyornis material comes from a wide range of strata, so possibly more than one species existed, the bauplan being so successful as to change little in morphology. A body plan, or bauplan, is essentially the blueprint for the way the body of an organism is laid out The term morphology in Biology refers to the outward appearance ( Shape, Structure, Colour, Pattern) of an Organism The supposed "Ichthyornis" minusculus from the Bissekty Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Kyzyl Kum, Uzbekistan is probably an enantiornithine. The Kyzyl Kum (Qizilqum Қызылқұм also called Qyzylqum, is the 11th largest Desert in the world Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly

The fossil material is known to contain bones of immature individuals (Chinsamy et al. 1998). It has not been thoroughly analyzed according to ontogenetical size differences, as for this, destruction of the fossils would be necessary. Ontogeny, as opposed to Phylogeny, refers to the history of an organism from birth as opposed to its genetic makeup

Systematics

Replica of Ichthyornis skeleton at Yale's Peabody Museum of Natural History. See Clarke (2004) for details.
Replica of Ichthyornis skeleton at Yale's Peabody Museum of Natural History. The Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University is among the oldest largest and most prolific university natural history museums in the world See Clarke (2004) for details.

Ichthyornis is close to the ancestry of modern birds, the Neornithes, but represents an independent lineage. Modern birds (subclass Neornithes) are the members of class Aves that have survived into recent times and have coexisted with Humans Modern birds are It was long believed that it was closely related to some other Cretaceous taxa known from very fragmentary remains —Ambiortus, Apatornis (including the now separated Iaceornis) and Guildavis— but these seem to be closer still to the ancestors of modern birds. Ambiortus is a prehistoric Bird Genus. The only known Species, Ambiortus dementjevi, lived about 120 million years New data on the radiation of the latter, which is now known to have started already in the Cretaceous (see Vegavis), could shed more light on the exact relationship of these taxa. Vegavis is a Genus of extinct Bird that lived during the Late Cretaceous ( Maastrichtian stage of Antarctica, some Following Clarke (2004), the former order Ichthyornithiformes and the family Ichthyornithidae are now superseded by the subclass Ichthyornithes, which in the paper was also defined according to phylogenetic taxonomy. This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used In Biological classification, family ( Latin A class is the Taxonomic rank in the Biological classification of organisms in Biology below phylum and above order. Phylogenetic nomenclature (PN is an alternative to rank-based nomenclature.

There has been considerable confusion about the attribution of the fossil material (Clarke, 2004). The similarity of the lower jaw and teeth to those of mosasaurs (fish-eating marine lizards) is so great that as late as 1952, it was argued that it really belonged to a diminutive species or young individual of or related to the genus Clidastes (Gregory, 1952); it was described as Colonosaurus mudgei. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Lizards are a large and widespread group of Reptiles of the order Squamata, with nearly 5000 species and ranging across all continents except Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Clidastes is an extinct Genus of Mosasaur Lizard from marine environments of the Late Cretaceous.

Of the several species described, only one is usually recognized following Clarke (2004). It is, however, entirely possible that several species have once existed, given the large spatial and temporal range over which fossils have been found.

Synonyms:

The presumed "Ichthyornis" lentus actually belongs into the early galliform genus Austinornis. Galliformes are an order of Birds containing turkeys, Grouse, Chickens Quails and Pheasants More than 250

References

External links


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