| Ibrahim Abu-Lughod | |
| Born | February 15, 1929 Jaffa |
|---|---|
| Died | May 23, 2001 Ramallah |
| Occupation | Academic |
Ibrahim Abu-Lughod (February 15, 1929 — May 23, 2001) was a Palestinian (later American) academic, characterised by Edward Said as "Palestine's foremost academic and intellectual"[1] and by Rashid Khalidi as one of the first Arab-American scholars to have a really serious effect on the way the Middle East is portrayed in political science and in America". Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jaffa يَافَا;(יָפוֹ Yafo; also Japho, Joppa) is an ancient Port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Ramallah ( Arabic:) (lit "Height of God" is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank adjacent to Al-Bireh with a population 118000 Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Edward Wadie Saïd MRSL ( إدوارد وديع سعيد,; 1 November 1935 &ndash 25 September Rashid Khalidi (born 1950 an American historian of the Middle East, is the Edward Said Professor of Arab Studies at Columbia University, and director An Arab American is a United States citizen or resident of Arab cultural and linguistic heritage and/or Identity whose ancestry traces back to any of various The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems [2] His student Deborah J. Gerner wrote that he "took on the challenge of interpreting U. S. politics and society for the Palestinian community as well as eloquently articulating Palestinian aspirations to the rest of the world. "[3]
Contents |
Life
· Abu-Lughod was born and raised in Jaffa, a port city in what was then British Mandate Palestine. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn The term Palestine and the related term Palestinian have several overlapping (and occasionally contradictory definitions Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn Palestinian diaspora ( الشتات, al-shatat) is a term used to describe Palestinians living outside of historic Palestine - an area Name There are differences of opinion as to what the Palestinian territories should be called Palestinian Refugee camps were established after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War to accommodate Palestinian refugees who fled from the war The Gaza Strip is located in the Middle East (at 31 25 N 34 20 E and consists of around 360sq km The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west Geography of the Best Wank Location Middle East west of Jordan Geographic coordinates: Map references Middle East The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria The 16 Governorates of the West Bank and Gaza Strip are divided into 16 electoral Districts ( Aqdya, singular - Qadaa) After the signing of the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian territories were divided into three areas (Area A Area B and Area C and 16 Governorates under the jurisdiction List of cities (and towns in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The list of Arab localities in Israel includes all population centers with a 50% or higher Arab population in the State of Israel. East Jerusalem refers to the part of Jerusalem captured by Jordan in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and subsequently by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary The Palestinian National Council (PNC is the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization and elects its Executive Committee which assumes leadership of the The Palestinian Legislative Council (sometimes referred to as the Palestinan Parliament) the Legislature of the Palestinian Authority, is a Unicameral The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP) ( Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Tahrīr A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain Ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power usually The Palestinian flag ( علم فلسطين) was originally designed by Sharif Hussein for the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire in 1916 The Palestinian Christians are Palestinians who follow Christianity. Islam in Israel and Palestinian territories includes the Muslims of Israel, where they constitute 16% of the population those who comprise 75% of the population of Church_of_the_nativity_bethjpg|thumb|200px|View of The Church of the Nativity from Manger Square]]The Church of the Nativity ( كنيسة المهد) in Bethlehem The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Sanctum Sepulchrum also called the Church of the Resurrection, ( Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως Naos tis Anastaseos This article refers to the basilica in Nazareth For information on the church associated with the Blagoveschenskaya Tower in Russia see Kremlin towers or Cathedral Rachel's Tomb ( Hebrew: קבר רחל Arabic: translit Qubbat Rakhil, trans Al-Aqsa Mosque ( Arabic:المسجد الاقصى /æl'mæsdʒɪd æl'ɑqsˁɑ/ {{Audio|ArAqsaMosque The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit The Mosque of Omar (مسجد عمر is the oldest and only Mosque in the city of Bethlehem, located in Manger Square, near the Church of the The Cave of the Patriarchs ( Hebrew: מערת המכפלה Me'arat HaMachpela, Trans Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn Palestinian art is a term used to refer to Paintings Posters Installation art and other visual media produced by Palestinian artists Palestinian costumes are the traditional Clothing worn by Palestinians. Palestinian cinema is relatively young in comparison to Arab cinema as a whole many Palestinian movies are made with European and Israeli funding and support Palestinian cuisine consists of foods from or commonly eaten by the Arabs of historical Palestine — which includes those living in the Palestinian territories Dabke ( Arabic: ar دبكة also transliterated as debke, dabka, and dabkeh) is the traditional Folk Palestinian pottery refers to Pottery produced in Palestine throughout the ages and pottery produced by modern-day Palestinians. Palestinian handicrafts are Handicrafts produced by Palestinian people. Palestinian Arabic is a Levantine Arabic dialect subgroup spoken by Palestinians and Arab Israelis. Palestinian literature refers to the Arabic language novels short stories and poems produced by Palestinians. Palestinian music ( موسيقى فلسطينية) is one of many regional sub-genres of Arabic music. The following is a list of prominent Palestinians. Academic figures Rami Abuhabsah, Biologist Nadia Hany Abu-Assad (born 11 October 1961 (هاني أبو أسعد is a Dutch - Palestinian film director Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Hanan Daoud Khalil Ashrawi (b October 8 1946 is a Palestinian legislator human rights activist and scholar Mohammad Bakri ( 1953 -) (محمد بكري מוחמד בכרי also spelled Mohammed or Muhammad) is an Arab actor and director with Israeli Rim Banna is a Palestinian singer Composer and Arranger that is well-known for her modern interpretations of traditional folk songs Tawfiq Canaan (24 September 1882 – 15 January 1964 was a Physician and pioneer in the field of Medicine in Palestine, also well-known for being one of Mahmoud Darwish ( 13 March 1941 &ndash 9 August 2008) was a respected Palestinian poet and author who won numerous awards for Imil (Emile Shukri Habibi (إميل حبيبي אמיל חביבי 21 January 1922 – 2 May 1996) was a Palestinian - Nathalie Handal (نتالي حنظل born July 29, 1969) is a Poet, Writer, Playwright and literary researcher of Middle Mohammad Amin al-Husayni (محمد أمين الحسيني properly transliterated al-Husseini, 1895 / 1897 - July 4, 1974) a member Faisal Abdel Qader Al-Husseini (فيصل عبدالقادر الحسيني ( July 17, 1940 – May 31, 2001) was a Palestinian politician Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni (عبد القادر الحسيني also spelled Abd al-Qader al-Husseini) (1907-1948 was a Palestinian nationalist and fighter who Ghassan Kanafani (غسان كنفاني April 9, 1936 in Akka, Palestine – July 8, 1972 in Beirut, Lebanon Ghada Karmi (غادة كرمي) (1939- is a Palestinian doctor of medicine author and academic Leila Khaled (ليلى خالد laylà ẖālid; born April 9, 1944) is a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP Rashid Khalidi (born 1950 an American historian of the Middle East, is the Edward Said Professor of Arab Studies at Columbia University, and director Walid Khalidi (وليد خالدي born in 1925 in Jerusalem) is an Oxford University educated Palestinian historian who has written extensively on the Samih al-Qasim ( سميح القاسم; b 1939 is a Palestinian Druze poet and citizen of Israel whose Arabic poetry is well-known Edward Wadie Saïd MRSL ( إدوارد وديع سعيد,; 1 November 1935 &ndash 25 September Khalil al-Sakakini ( خليل السكاكيني; January 23, 1878 - August 13, 1953) was a Palestinian Christian, Elia Suleiman (إيليا سليمان born July 28, 1960 in Nazareth) is a Palestinian-Israeli film director and Actor Khalil Ibrahim al-Wazir ( خليل الوزير) also known by his kunya " Abu Jihad " (Arabic أبو جهاد — Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Yassin (1937 – March 22 2004 ( Arabic: ar الشيخ أحمد ياسين was the co-founder with Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, of Hamas May Ziade (née Marie, with Ziade also written Ziadé or Ziadeh) ( مي زيادة) ( February 11 1886. Jaffa يَافَا;(יָפוֹ Yafo; also Japho, Joppa) is an ancient Port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement His father was a metal manufacturer. From his student days, he was involved in the Palestinian struggle; he demonstrated against the British and "skirmished" with local Zionist settlers. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the [4] He completed high school in March 1948, after which he volunteered to work for the National Committee in Jaffa to discourage residents from leaving the city in the face of what Jamal R. Nassar describes as "Zionist assaults. " His own family left only weeks later, on April 23 of the same year. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Active in the resistance, he remained behind a bit longer, but on May 3, 1948, he left on the Belgian ship, Prince Alexander, "the last" ship out of Jaffa, headed to Beirut. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [5][1]
From Beirut (and, briefly, Nablus), he soon headed as a refugee to the United States, where he received his B.A. from the University of Illinois (1951), and a Ph.D. in Middle East studies from Princeton (1957). Nablus ( sometimes Nābulus; Arabic:; næːblʊs is a Palestinian city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This article is about the flagship campus For other uses and locations of University of Illinois, see University of Illinois (disambiguation The University of "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Then he spent three years as a field expert in Egypt for UNESCO, where he directed the social science research department. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 He would later hold several United Nations consultancies. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security [1][5][6][3]
Returning to North America, he entered a career in academia, serving on the faculties of Smith College (Northampton, Massachusetts and McGill University, (Montreal) before settling in 1967 at Northwestern University (Evanston, Illinois), where he would remain for 34 years as a professor of political science (and department chair 1985–1988), eventually serving as Director of Graduate Studies and founding Northwestern's Institute of African Studies. Smith College is a private, independent women's liberal arts college located in Northampton Massachusetts. Northampton is a city in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Evanston Illinois is an affluent suburban Chicago Municipality on Lake Michigan on the North Shore in Cook County, Illinois directly During this time he founded the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (1968) and the journal Arab Studies Quarterly (1978), held two more UNESCO posts, one in Beirut and one in Paris. Arab Studies Quarterly is an English-language academic journal devoted to Arabist studies Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city He became a U. S. citizen in 1975. According to Edward Said, Abu-Lughod established a reputation as "the leading Arab academic activist in North America", with "an encyclopaedic knowledge - of the third world, Arab culture, history and language, and the western tradition of rationalism and humane understanding…" [7]
According to Kenneth Janda, "his course on the politics of the Middle East regularly attracted many Jewish students, some of whom enrolled to monitor his lectures. Invariably, they left the class professing admiration for Ibrahim's knowledge and even-handedness in dealing with the difficult political issues in the region. " [8] Noted as an orator, he spoke often on behalf of the Palestinian cause, had a strong interest in other liberation movements, and traveled extensively in the Arab world, Asia and Africa. A liberation movement is an organization fighting a rebellion against a colonial power often seeking independence based on a nationalist identity and an Anti-imperialist outlook [1]
In 1977, he was elected to the Palestine National Council (PNC); he remained on the council until 1991. The Palestinian National Council (PNC is the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization and elects its Executive Committee which assumes leadership of the His work under the auspices of UNESCO to establish a Palestine national open university in Beirut was cut short by the 1982 Lebanon War (in which Israel invaded Lebanon); he returned to Northwestern. The 1982 Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון Milhemet Levanon) (الإجتياح Al-Ijtīāḥ, "the invasion" called by Israel the Operation Peace With Edward Said, he met in April 1988 with United States Secretary of State George Shultz. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs George Pratt Shultz (born December 13 1920 served as the United States Secretary of Labor from 1969 to 1970 as the U Said would write in his obituary for Abu-Lughod, "We told him that the Palestinian people were prepared to coexist with Israel if their self-determination was insured by a Middle East peace plan. What was needed was a mode of sharing and coexistence between two national communities in historic Palestine. "[1]
In 1991, having resigned from the PNC, his American citizenship allowed him to return to his homeland for the first time since 1948. During the last decade of his life he was a professor and vice-president of Bir Zeit University on the West Bank, where the university credit him with being "a pioneering champion" in establishing the faculty of graduate studies. Birzeit University ( BZU) (جامعة بيرزيت is a University located in the town of Birzeit near Ramallah. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria "Palestinian society today needs a higher level of competence and specialization which is achievable only through education at the graduate level," he wrote. "We cannot depend on the achievements of other societies; we Palestinians need to generate our own specialists on the ground. " During this time he was also founder of the Independent Commission for Citizens' Rights, the Centre for Curricular Reform, and the Qattan Cultural Centre in Ramallah. Ramallah ( Arabic:) (lit "Height of God" is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank adjacent to Al-Bireh with a population 118000 [5][6][9]
Deborah J. Gerner writes that "…he was critical of the ossification of the Palestinian bureaucracy that he observed in the years following the Oslo accords and deeply troubled by the autocratic elements within the government. Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles Yet he never gave up working for a free, independent, and democratic Palestine. " He died of a lung disease in Ramallah, aged 72, and was buried in the family plot in Jaffa. Bir Zeit University honored him posthumously, naming the Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies after him. [1][5][6][3]Abu-Lughod was married in 1951 to Janet Abu-Lughod (née Lippman); the marriage ended in a 1991 divorce. Janet L Abu-Lughod, née Lippman (born 1928 is an American Sociologist with major contributions to World-systems theory and Urban sociology He was survived by three daughters, Lila, Mariam, and Deena, his son Jawad, and six grandchildren. Lila Abu-Lughod is a Palestinian-American professor of Anthropology and Women's and Gender Studies at Columbia University in New York City [10]
Works
This is a very partial list of Abu-Lughod's extensive writings and does not include a considerable number of journal articles.
Works authored by Abu-Lughod.
- The Arab Rediscovery Of Europe: A Study in Cultural Encounters (1963)
- The Evolution of the Meaning of Nationalism (1963)
- The transformation of the Egyptian elite : prelude to the 'Urabi Revolt (1967)
Works edited by Abu-Lughod.
- The Arab-Israeli Confrontation of 1967: An Arab Perspective (1970)
- The Transformation Of Palestine (1972)
- Settler regimes in Africa and the Arab world : the illusion of endurance (1974)
- African themes / Northwestern University studies in honor of Gwendolen M. Carter. (1975)
- Palestinian Rights: Affirmation and Denial (1982)
- The Landscape of Palestine: Equivocal Poetry (1999)
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Said 2001
- ^ Khalidi quoted in Gerner 2001.
- ^ a b c Gerner 2001
- ^ Said, Guardian obituary; the word "skirmished" is Said's.
- ^ a b c d Nassar 2004
- ^ a b c "Birzeit University Mourns…" 2001
- ^ Accumulated from the cited obituaries by Said, Nassar, Gerner, and "Birzeit University Mourns…". There seems to be some disagreement as to when he left Northwestern, with the Birzeit site saying he left in 1988, the others saying 1991 or 1992.
- ^ Kenneth Janda in an e-mail to Jamal R. Nassar, cited in Nassar, 2004.
- ^ "Palestinian studies today needs…" quoted in Gerner 2001.
- ^ Said 2001 misspells Deena's name as "Dina"; it is correctly spelled in Pace 2001.
References
- —, Birzeit University Mourns the Late Professor Ibrahim Abu Lughod, May 23, 2001, official statement from Birzeit University, accessed online August 18, 2006.
- Deborah J. Gerner, "Ibrahim Abu-Lughod", Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (WRMEA), Vol. 20, July 2001. Accessed online at Questia 18 August 2006. Also on the WRMEA site.
- Jamal R. Nassar, "Ibrahim Abu-Lughod: the legacy of an activist scholar and teacher", Arab Studies Quarterly, Fall 2004.
- Eric Pace, "Ibrahim Abu-Lughod, Palestinian-American Scholar, Dies at 72", New York Times, May 28, 2001.
- Edward Said, Ibrahim Abu-Lughod (obituary), The Guardian, June 12, 2001. Edward Wadie Saïd MRSL ( إدوارد وديع سعيد,; 1 November 1935 &ndash 25 September Accessed 18 August 2006.
External links
- My Father's Return to Palestine by Lila Abu Lughod, Winter-Spring 2001, Issue 11-12 Jerusalem Quarterly (Accessed 04 September 2007)
- Lila Abu-Lughod: Professor and author, Institute for Middle East Understanding (Accessed 04 September 2007)
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Palestinian academic |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 15, 1929 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Jaffa |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 23, 2001 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Ramallah |
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