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For the Maliki scholar, see Ibn al-Arabi. For the Sufi scholar see Ibn Arabi. Ibn al-Arabi (أبو بكر بن العربي is not the famous Sufi Ibn Arabi, although the
Muslim scholar
Name: Abū `Abd-Allah Muḥammad ibn Ali al-`Arabi al-Ḥātimī al-Ṭā’ī
Title: Ibn Arabi, Reviver of religion and al-Shaykh al-Akbar
Birth: 1165 CE [1]
Death: 1240 ED in Damascus [1]
Maddhab: Sunni Sufi
Main interests: Sufism
Notable ideas: Wahdat-ul-Wujood
Influenced: Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadri, Shah Nimatullah, Mulla Sadra

Ibn Arabi (Arabic: أبن عربي) (July 28, 1165-November 10, 1240) was an Arab Sufi mystic and philosopher. Scholars in Islamic studies are both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars who work in one or more fields of Islamic studies. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Major ideas in Sufi metaphysics have surrounded the concept of Wahdat or "Unity" Dr Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadri ( Urdu: محمد طاہر القادری) (also known as Quaid-e-Inqalab Quaid-e-Muhterum Shaykh ul Islam and Qibla Hazoor (born Shah N'imatullah Vali ( was an Islamic scholar and a Sufi poet, from the 14th and 15th Centuries C Sadr al-Din Moḥammad Shirazi also called Mulla Sadra ( also spelt Molla Sadra or Mollasadra or sadrol mote allehin; (c Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Mysticism (from the Greek grc μυστικός mystikos, an initiate of a Mystery religion) is the pursuit of communion with identity Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language His full name was Abū abd-Allah Muhammad ibn-Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-`Arabi al-Hatimi al-TTaa'i (أبو عبد الله محمد بن علي بن محمد بن العربي الحاتمي الطائي ). In the West, he is also known as the Doctor Maximus and in the Islamic world as Muhyi id-Din (محيي الدين\ ("Reviver of religion") and (al-Shaykh al-Akbar) (الشيخ الأكبر "Great Master")

Contents

Biography

Ibn Arabi was born in Medinat Mursiya (present day Murcia) in Al-Andalus on 17 Ramadan 560 AH/July 28, 1165 CE, and his family moved to Sevilla when he was eight years old. The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings Murcia ( is the capital city of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, located at the river Segura in south-eastern Spain. Murcia ( is the capital city of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, located at the river Segura in south-eastern Spain. Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or Ramadan or Ramadhan or Ramazan ( Arabic: ar رمضان is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری ‎ Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. In 1200 CE, at the age of thirty-five, he left Spain for good, intending to make the hajj to Mecca. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored He lived near Mecca for three years, where he began writing his Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya (The Meccan Illuminations). In 1204, he left Mecca for Anatolia with Majd-al-Din Es'haq (Isaac), whose son Sadr-al-Din Qunawi (1210-1274) would be his most influential disciple. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black [2]

In 1223, he settled in Damascus, where he lived the last seventeen years of his life. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. He died at the age of 76 on 22 Rabi' II 638 AH/November 10, 1240CE, and his tomb in Damascus is still an important place of pilgrimage. Rabi’ al-Thani (ar ربيع الثاني the second of spring) is the fourth month in the Islamic Calendar. The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری ‎ Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw [3]

A vastly prolific writer, Ibn Arabi is generally known as the prime exponent of the idea later known as Wahdat-ul-Wujood, though he did not use this term in his writings. Major ideas in Sufi metaphysics have surrounded the concept of Wahdat or "Unity" His emphasis was on the true potential of the human being and the path to realising that potential and becoming the perfect or complete man (al-insan al-kamil). In Islamic theology al-Insān al-Kāmil (الإنسان الكامل also rendered as Insan-i Kamil انسانِ كامل - in Persian and Turkish is a term used as an honorific

Some 800 works are attributed to Ibn Arabi, although only some have been authenticated. [4]

Criticism

A number of prominent Sunni Muslim scholars, including Dhahabi, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, and Ibn Taymiyyah, did not consider Ibn Arabi to even be a Muslim. Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn `Uthman ibn Qaymaz ibn `Abd Allah Shams al-Din Abu `Abd Allah al-Turkmani al-Diyarbakri al-Fariqi al-Dimashqi al-Dhahabi al-Shafi`i ( Arabic:محمد For other uses see Ibn Hajar. Al-Haafidh Shihabuddin Abu'l-Fadl Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad, better known as Ibn Hajar due to a fame of Taqi ad-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah ( January 22, 1263 &ndash 1328 was a Sunni Islamic scholar born in Harran, located Reasons for Ibn Arabi being branded a heretic were some of his statements in his books such as "Fusoos Al-Hikam" and "Al-Ahkaam". One example is where Ibn Arabi claimed that Pharaoh was correct when he said "I am your lord most high. "

Commentaries and Translations of Fusus al-Hikam

There have been many exceptional commentaries on Ibn 'Arabi's Fusus al-hikam: the first called al-Fukuk was written by his stepson and heir, Sadruddin al-Qunawi, who had studied the book with Ibn 'Arabi; the second by Qunawi's student, Mu'ayyad al-din al-Jandi, which was the first line-by-line commentary; the third by Jandi's student, Dawud al-Qaysari, which became very influential in the Persian-speaking world. Dawūd al-Qayṣarī or spelled Dawud al-Qaysari was a student of 'Abd-al Razzāq Kāshānī (d There were many others, in the Ottoman world (eg 'Abd Allah Bosnevi), the Arab world (eg 'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi) and the Persian world (eg Haydar Amoli). It is estimated that there are over 50 commentaries on the Fusus, most of which only exist in manuscript form. The more famous (such as Qunawi's Fukuk) have been printed in recent years in Iran.

The Fusus was first critically edited in Arabic by Afifi (1946). The first English translation was done in partial form by Angela Culme-Seymour from the French translation of Titus Burckhardt as "Wisdom of the Prophets" (1975), and the first full translation was by Ralph Austin as "Bezels of Wisdom" (1980). Titus Burckhardt, a German Swiss was born in Florence Italy in 1908 and died in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1984 There is also a complete French translation by Charles-Andre Gilis, entitled "Le livre des chatons des sagesses" (1997). The only commentary to have been translated into English so far is entitled "Ismail Hakki Bursevi's translation and commentary on Fusus al-hikam by Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi" in 4 volumes (1985-1991).

In Urdu, the wide spread available translation is of Maulvi Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui [But this translation contains some serious problems]. Maulvi Muhammad Abdul Qadeer Siddiqi Hasrat (1870–1962 was a renowned Islamic theologian Qur'anic exegete poet and a celeberated sufi of Southern India His translation is in the curriculum of Punjab University. He has made an interpretive translation and explained the terms and grammar while clarifying the Shaikh's opinions.

Works

References

  1. ^ a b Sufism and Taoism, by Toshihiko Izutsu (California 1983) [1]
  2. ^ Ibn al-'Arabi by William Chittick
  3. ^ Tomb of Ibn Arabi
  4. ^ Ibn Arabi (560-638/1165-1240)

See also

External links

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