Medal record
Ian Thorpe
Competitor for  Australia
Men's Swimming
Olympic Games
Gold	2000 Sydney	400 m freestyle
Gold	2000 Sydney	4 × 100 m freestyle relay
Gold	2000 Sydney	4 × 200 m freestyle relay
Gold	2004 Athens	200 m freestyle
Gold	2004 Athens	400 m freestyle
Silver	2000 Sydney	200 m freestyle
Silver	2000 Sydney	4 × 100 m medley relay
Silver	2004 Athens	4 × 200 m freestyle relay
Bronze	2004 Athens	100 m freestyle

Ian James Thorpe OAM (born 13 October 1982 in Sydney, New South Wales), also known as the Thorpedo or Thorpey, is a former Australian freestyle swimmer. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia on 14 February 1975 "for the purpose of according recognition Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Freestyle is an unregulated Swimming style used in swimming competitions according to the rules of FINA. Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance He has won five Olympic gold medals, the most won by any Australian, and in 2001 he became the first person to win six gold medals in one World Championship. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The 2001 World Aquatics Championships or the 9th FINA World Swimming Championships were held in Fukuoka, Japan between 16 July and ^[1] In total, Thorpe has won eleven World Championship golds, the second-highest number of any swimmer. ^[2] Thorpe was the first person to have been named World Swimmer of the Year four times by Swimming World Magazine,^[3][4] and was the Australian swimmer of the year from 1999 to 2003. The Swimming World Magazine Swimmers of the Year, awarded by the American -based Swimming World magazine are a set of awards which are often regarded as Swimming World Magazine is an American -based monthly Swimming Magazine, that was first published as Junior Swimmer in January of His athletic achievements made him one of Australia's most popular athletes, with his philanthropy and clean image earning him further recognition as the Young Australian of the Year in 2000. The Australian of the Year Awards commenced in 1960. From nominations received Australia Day Committees in each state and territory select several finalists ^[2]

At the age of 14, he became the youngest male ever to represent Australia,^[5] and his victory in the 400 metre freestyle at the 1998 Perth World Championships made him the youngest ever individual male World Champion. The 1998 World Aquatics Championships or the 8th FINA World Swimming Championships were held in Perth Western Australia, Australia between January ^[6] After that victory, Thorpe dominated the 400 m freestyle, winning the event at every Olympic, World, Commonwealth and Pan Pacific Swimming Championships until his break after the 2004 Olympics. The Commonwealth Games is a multinational Multi-sport event. Held every four years it involves the elite athletes of the Commonwealth of Nations. The Pan Pacific Swimming Championships is a long course Swimming event first held in 1985. ^[7] Aside from 13 individual long-course world records, Thorpe anchored the Australian relay teams, numbering the victories in the 4 × 100 m and the 4 × 200 m freestyle relays in Sydney, among his five relay world records. "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever His wins in the 200 m and 400 m and his bronze in the 100 m freestyle in Athens have made him the only person to have won medals in the 100-200-400 combination. The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated ^[7]

After the Athens Olympics, Thorpe took a year away from swimming, scheduling a return for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia between 15 March and 26 March 2006 However, he was forced to withdraw due to illness. Subsequent training camps were interrupted, and he announced his retirement in November 2006, citing waning motivation. ^[8]

Early years

Thorpe was a large baby, weighing 4. 1 kg (9. 02 lb) and measuring 0. 59 m (1 ft 11 in) in length at birth. He grew up in a family with a sporting pedigree in the suburb of Milperra. Milperra is a Suburb, in south-western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ^[9] Thorpe's father, Ken, was a promising cricketer at junior level, representing Bankstown cricket club in Sydney's grade competition. Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Bankstown is a Suburb in south-western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales Australia. ^[9][10] A talented batsman, he once topped the season's batting averages ahead of former Australian captain Bob Simpson. Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Batting average is a Statistic in both Cricket and Baseball measuring the performance of cricket batsmen and baseball hitters, respectively The captain of a Cricket team is a player who during the course of a match has several additional roles and responsibilities over and above those of a regular player Robert Baddeley Simpson AO (born 3 February 1936 is a former Cricketer who played for New South Wales, Western Australia and Australia However, paternal pressure detracted from Ken's enjoyment, and he retired aged 26. Thorpe's mother Margaret played A-grade netball,^[10][11] but Thorpe did not seem to inherit his parents' ball skills. Netball is a non-contact team Sport similar to and derived from Basketball. His elder sister, Christina, had been given medical advice that swimming would strengthen a broken wrist, so by chance, the five-year-old Thorpe followed her in taking swimming lessons. ^[10][12] Due to his unhappy experiences, Ken Thorpe maintained that enjoyment was the most important aspect of his children's participation in sport. ^[11]

As a young child, Thorpe was sidelined due to a chlorine allergy. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and Allergy is a disorder of the Immune system often also referred to as Atopy. ^[6] Because of this, he did not swim in his first race until age seven (at a school carnival). His allergy forced him to swim with his head out of the water; despite this ungainly technique, he won the race, primarily because of his significant size advantage. ^[9][13] Thorpe gradually overcame the allergy and progressed to the captaincy of New South Wales for the Australian Primary Schools titles in 1994. Athletics For an extensive coverage see 1994 in athletics (track and field Track February 20 &mdash He subsequently won nine individual gold medals at the State Age Short Course Championships in September of that year. ^[14] In 1995 he started his secondary education at East Hills Boys Technology High School,^[9] switching coaches to swim alongside his sister under the tutelage of Doug Frost. East Hills Boys Technology High School is a boys only public Secondary school run by the New South Wales Department of Education, located in Panania New South Doug Frost (born on November 11, 1943 in Orange New South Wales) is an Australian Swimming coach perhaps best known as the coach It was a busy year for his family, with Christina being selected for the national team to compete at the 1995 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Atlanta. The sixth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50m event involving countries in the Pacific region was held in 1995 in Atlanta Ian, now six feet tall, competed at his first National Age Championships, winning bronze medals in the 200 m and 400 m freestyle. He won all ten events at the annual State Age Championships. ^[6][15][16]

National debut

Thorpe competed at the 1996 National Age Championships in Brisbane, winning five gold, two silver and two bronze medals. Athletics Decathlon Best Year Performance * &ndash 8824 points Marathon Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland ^[7] His times in the 400 m freestyle and 200 m backstroke qualified him for the Australian Championships, which were selection events for the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. The backstroke, also sometimes called the back crawl, is one of the four The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, were an International Frost knew that Thorpe had no realistic chance of finishing among the top two in any event, which would have meant Olympic selection at an age of only 13 years and 6 months. He sent him to Sydney anyway to gain racing experience at the senior national level. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 As expected, Thorpe missed selection, as he finished 23rd in the 400 m freestyle and 36th in the 200 m backstroke. ^[17] At the end of the year, he qualified for the Australian Short Course Championships. It was another chance for Thorpe to gain national selection, as they were the trials for the 1997 FINA Short Course World Championships. The 3rd FINA Short Course World Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden from April 17 till April 20, 1997. He qualified in second place for his first national final in the 400 m individual medley, but swam more slowly in the final to miss selection. ^[18]

1997 began at the State Championships in January, where his time of 3 min 59. 43 s in the 400 m took eight seconds off his personal best, and made him the first 14-year-old in Australia to cover the distance in less than four minutes. Ranked fourth in Australia for the event,^[18] Thorpe went into the 1997 Australian Championships in Adelaide as a serious contender for national selection for the 1997 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Fukuoka, Japan. Artistic gymnastics World Artistic Gymnastics Championships: Men's all-around champion Ivan Ivankov, Belarus Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a The seventh edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50m event was held in 1997 in Fukuoka, Japan, from August is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture and is situated on the northern shore of the island of Kyūshū in Japan, across For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. With a top-three finish and a specific qualifying time required, Thorpe focused on the 400 m freestyle after injuries to the 400 m freestyle Olympic medallists Kieren Perkins and Daniel Kowalski. Kieren John Perkins OAM (born August 14, 1973) is a former Australian professional swimmer Daniel Steven Kowalski (born July 2, 1975 in Singapore) was an Australian middle- and long-distance Swimmer specialising in Thorpe went on to win bronze behind 16-year-old Queenslander Grant Hackett, setting a new personal best of 3 min 53. Grant George Hackett OAM (born May 9, 1980) is an Australian swimmer most famous for winning the men's 1500 metres freestyle 44 s. It was a new world age record and the first of many battles with Hackett. ^[19]

Aged 14 years and 5 months, Thorpe became the youngest male ever to be selected for the Australian team,^[6] surpassing John Konrads' record by one month. John Konrads ( Latvian: Jānis Konrāds; born 21 May 1942 in Riga, Latvia) was an Australian freestyle swimmer of the ^[20] Frost cited Thorpe's selection as a cause for his eventual focus on freestyle. Thorpe continued his good form at the National Age Championships when he contested all twelve events, winning ten individual gold and two bronze medals, and setting six national records in the process. ^[10][19]

Early International career

International debut

In June, two months before the 1997 Pan Pacific Championships, Thorpe required an appendix operation, causing him to miss two weeks of training. In Human anatomy, the appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal (or caecal appendix; also vermix) is a blind ended tube connected to the ^[21] Thorpe came fourth in his heat of the 200 m freestyle after achieving a personal best of 1 min 51. 46 s. Despite not qualifying for the final, he earned selection for the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay team. There he and his team of Michael Klim, Ian van der Wal and Hackett claimed silver, making him the youngest ever Pan Pacific medalist. Michael Klim OAM (born August 13, 1977) is a Polish -born Australian swimmer Ian van der Wal (born 22 September 1971 in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia) was an Australian sprint-middle distance freestyle swimmer In his first individual final at international level, Thorpe came from fifth at the 300 m mark to claim silver in the 400 m freestyle behind Hackett in a time of 3 min 49. 64 s. ^[6][22] His finishing burst was to become a trademark, and his time would have given him silver at the Atlanta Olympics. The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, were an International ^[10][23] In October 1997, a few days before his fifteenth birthday, Thorpe competed in qualifying trials in Brisbane for the 1998 World Aquatics Championships. Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland The 1998 World Aquatics Championships or the 8th FINA World Swimming Championships were held in Perth Western Australia, Australia between January Thorpe gained selection for the Championships in Perth in January by finishing fourth and second respectively in the 200 m and 400 m freestyle, setting new personal best times in both events. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. ^[24]

1998 World Aquatics Championships

World Championship medal record
Competitor for  Australia
1998 Perth - Men's Swimming
Gold	400 m freestyle	3 min 46. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The 1998 World Aquatics Championships or the 8th FINA World Swimming Championships were held in Perth Western Australia, Australia between January Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance 29 s
Gold	4 × 200 m freestyle relay	7 min 12. 45 s

Thorpe's first international appearance in his home country, at the 1998 World Championships in Perth, began with the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay. The 1998 World Aquatics Championships or the 8th FINA World Swimming Championships were held in Perth Western Australia, Australia between January Swimming the third leg after Klim and Hackett, Thorpe broke away from 200 m butterfly Olympic champion Tom Malchow to set a split time of 1 min 47. Thomas ("Tom" Andrew Malchow (born August 18, 1976 in St 67 s, the same as Klim's winning time in the 200 m final. By the end of Thorpe's leg, the Australians were two seconds ahead of the world record pace, and three seconds ahead of the Americans, having extended the lead by two body lengths. Although anchorman Kowalski finished outside the world record, it was the first time that Australia had won the event at the global level since 1956. Athletics Marathon December 9 &mdash Fukuoka Marathon, Japan Men's Winner Keizo Yamada (JPN 22515 ^[7] Thorpe was ranked fourth in the world before the 400 m final, which Hackett led from the outset. Hackett established a comfortable 2. 29 s lead over Thorpe by the 300 m mark, and although Thorpe reduced the margin to 1. 53 s at the 350 m mark, Hackett lead until Thorpe passed him on the final stroke. Thorpe's time was the fourth fastest in history and made him the youngest ever male individual world champion. ^[6][22][25]

As a result of the media attention generated by his win on home soil, Thorpe received multiple offers for television commercials and was often surrounded by autograph hunters. He became a high-profile supporter of the Children's Cancer Institute, after his sister Christina's future brother-in-law Michael Williams became gravely ill with cancer. ^[26]

1998 Commonwealth Games

See also: 1998 Commonwealth Games

Commonwealth medal record
Competitor for  Australia
1998 Kuala Lumpur - Men's Swimming
Gold	400 m freestyle	3 min 44. The 1998 XVI Commonwealth Games were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 11 September to 21 September 1998 making it the first Asian For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The 1998 XVI Commonwealth Games were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 11 September to 21 September 1998 making it the first Asian Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance 35 s
Gold	200 m freestyle	1 min 46. 70 s
Gold	4 × 200 m freestyle relay	7 min 11. 86 s (WR)
Gold	4 × 100 m freestyle relay	3 min 17. 83 s

Thorpe's next competition was in March at the Australian Championships in Melbourne, which were selection trials for the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 The 1998 XVI Commonwealth Games were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 11 September to 21 September 1998 making it the first Asian For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Thorpe's improvement continued when he defeated Klim in the 200 m freestyle in 1 min 47. 24 s, faster than Klim's winning time at the World Championship two months earlier. Thorpe's time was a Commonwealth record and with it, he secured his first national title. He then claimed the 400 m freestyle title from Hackett and clocked 50. 36 s in the 100 m freestyle. His time earned silver in his first 100 m race at the national level, gaining him Commonwealth selection in three individual events. ^[27]

Thorpe's rise continued when the Australians arrived in Kuala Lumpur during September for the Commonwealth Games. Kuala Lumpur (ˈkwɑːləlʊmˈpʊər Malay /kwɑlɑlʊmpʊ/ and locally /kwɑləlʊmpɔ/ or even /kɔlɔmpɔ/ or often abbreviated as K Thorpe's first event was the 200 m freestyle, where he led throughout to record a time just one hundredth of a second outside Giorgio Lamberti's world record. Giorgio Lamberti (born January 28, 1969) is a former Italian Swimmer. He then combined with Klim, Kowalski and Matt Dunn in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay to break the world record of the Unified Team set in 1992 by 0. Matthew Dunn (born 2 September 1973 in Leeton, New South Wales) is a former Olympic freestyle and medley swimmer swimmer 09 s. ^[28] Thorpe's run ended when a personal best of 50. 21 s in the 100 m freestyle was only sufficient for fourth place, but he returned to victory with the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay team. He claimed a fourth gold in the 400 m freestyle, setting another personal best, just 0. 55 s slower than Kieren Perkins' 1994 mark. Athletics For an extensive coverage see 1994 in athletics (track and field Track February 20 &mdash ^{[6][7][29][30]}

Thorpe left school at the end of year after completing Year 10. His decision caused concerns that concentrating on swimming alone could lead to burn out. Thorpe disagreed, pointing to his informal search for knowledge, stating that "Swimming is a small part of my life". ^[31] His impact in the swimming community was acknowledged when he became the youngest male swimmer to be named by Swimming World Magazine as the World Swimmer of the Year. Swimming World Magazine is an American -based monthly Swimming Magazine, that was first published as Junior Swimmer in January of The Swimming World Magazine Swimmers of the Year, awarded by the American -based Swimming World magazine are a set of awards which are often regarded as ^[31]

World record breaking phase

1999 began with heavy media expectations that Thorpe would inevitably break both 200 m and 400 m world records, given his continuing physical growth. Athletics For an extensive coverage see 1999 in athletics (track and field Track Hicham The first opportunity came in late March at the 1999 Australian Championships in Brisbane, which doubled as a selection event for the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships. The eighth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m event was held in 1999 in Sydney Australia, from August 22 Thorpe again won the 400 m, but Perkins' record eluded him, this time by just 0. 05 s. Hackett turned the tables in the 200 m event, passing Thorpe in the final 50 m to win Thorpe's title. ^[22] Although both were outside Lamberti's mark, Hackett went on to break it the following night in a relay event. ^[32] Thorpe finished the Championships by continuing his improvement in the 100 m freestyle, posting a time of 49. 98 s, his first under the 50 s barrier. The Australian team then travelled to Hong Kong for the 1999 FINA Short Course World Championships, where Thorpe broke Lamberti's mark in the 200 m freestyle, the longest standing world record at the time. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The 4th FINA Short Course World Championships were held in Hong Kong, China from April 1 till ^[6][33] This was the start of a three year phase where Thorpe was to set his 13 individual long course world records. He led the men's relay team to unprecedented success in relay events, scoring historic victories over the Americans. Thorpe was to peak in 2001 when he became the first person to win six gold medals at one world championships, setting three world records and helping Australia top the medal tally at a global meet for the first time since 1956. In this period, he was named by Swimming World as its Swimmer of the Year three times. ^[2][3][7]

1999 Pan Pacific Championships

Pan Pacific medal record
Competitor for  Australia
1999 Sydney - Men's Swimming
Gold	400 m freestyle	3 min 41. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The eighth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m event was held in 1999 in Sydney Australia, from August 22 Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance 83 s (WR)
Gold	200 m freestyle	1 min 46. 00 s (WR)
Gold	4 × 200 m freestyle relay	7 min 08. 70 s (WR)
Gold	4 × 100 m freestyle relay	3 min 16. 08 s

The 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships were held in August at Sydney Olympic Park, and were viewed as a rehearsal for the 2000 Summer Olympics to be held in the same venue. The eighth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m event was held in 1999 in Sydney Australia, from August 22 Sydney Olympic Park is a 640-hectare site located in the Suburb of Homebush Bay in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever With Thorpe expected to deliver world records at his first international meet in Sydney, the event was shown live on Australian television for the first time. The opening night saw him pitted against Hackett and South Africa's Ryk Neethling in the 400 m freestyle final. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Ryk Neethling (born 17 November 1977 is a South African swimmer The trio reached the 200 m mark in a group, on world record pace, before Thorpe broke away, recording a split time 1. 86 s ahead of world-record pace at 300 m. He extended his lead to four body lengths by the 350 m mark and finished in a time of 3 min 41. 83 s, cutting almost two seconds from the world record,^[7] and covering the second half in almost the same time as the first. ^[34] Talbot reacted to the performance by dubbing Thorpe as "the greatest swimmer we've [Australia] ever had", whilst four-time American Olympic gold medalist Rowdy Gaines, commentating for NBC, said ". Ambrose ("Rowdy" Gaines IV (born February 17, 1959 in Winter Haven, Florida) is a former American swimmer U The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's . he went into a balls-out sprint at 250 - and I have never seen anything like that. . . I have been around swimming a long time and it's the most amazing swim I've ever seen, hands down. " A formula used by the International Swimming Statisticians Association to compare world records in different events gave his performance the highest score of all current world records. Thorpe promptly donated the A$25,000 prizemoney for breaking the first world record in the pool to charity. The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the Currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas ^[2][6] Later the same night, Thorpe anchored the Australians to a historic victory in the 4 × 100 m freestyle final, the first time the United States had lost the event. Thorpe set an Australian record relay split of 48. 55 s. Even taking into account a 0. 6–0. 7 s for a flying relay start, his split time was almost 1 s faster than his individual best of 49. 98 s. ^[34] It was to be the first of many occasions in which he would anchor the Australian relay teams to victory over the Americans, with splits consistently faster than his equivalent individual times. The following night, in the semi-finals of the 200 m freestyle, Thorpe broke Hackett's world record by 0. 33 s, clocking 1 min 46. 34 s. ^[7][35] The next day in the final, he again broke the record, lowering it to 1 min 46. 0 s. ^[7][36] He finished his competition by leading off the 4 × 200 m freestyle team with Klim, Hackett and Bill Kirby to victory. William ("Bill" Ashley Kirby (born 12 September 1975 in Perth Western Australia) is an Australian swimmer who was competitive on an international Their time lowered their own world record by more than three seconds, completing Thorpe's fourth world record in four nights. ^{[6][7][22][37][38]}

Immediately after the Pan Pacific Championships, Thorpe's management announced his signing to Adidas for an undisclosed six-figure sum, stating that he would race in their new bodysuit. WikipediaManual of Style (trademarks, which says "Lowercased trademarks with no internal This presented a dilemma, as the national team was sponsored and wore outfits designed by Speedo, leading to months of protracted discussions and uncertainty. Speedo is a manufacturer of swimwear and accessories The company was started by Alexander MacRae under the name of MacRae Hosiery Manufacturers in Bondi Beach ^[39] To compound his commercial difficulties, Thorpe had an uncertain end to the sporting year when, in October, he broke a bone in his ankle whilst jogging. ^[40] However his performance throughout the year were recognised when he was again named as the World Swimmer of the Year by Swimming World, and by Swimming Australia as its Swimmer of the Year. In a wider arena, he was named Young Australian of the Year, ABC Sports Star of the Year, and Male Athlete of the Year at the Australian Sports Awards. The Australian of the Year Awards commenced in 1960. From nominations received Australia Day Committees in each state and territory select several finalists The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. ^[6][41][42]

2000 Olympic build-up

Thorpe started 2000 looking to add a third individual event to his Olympic schedule. Athletics For an extensive coverage see 2000 in athletics (track and field Marathon International He explored his options by contesting the 1500 m freestyle at the New South Wales Championships in January, which he won. Thorpe embarked on a European FINA World Cup tour in order to hone his racecraft, but this was overshadowed by comments made by German head coach Manfred Thiesmann accusing him of using steroids. Manfred Thiesmann is a former German Olympic Swimming coach of the 1970s 1980s 1990s ans 2000s who was the head coach of the German swimming Anabolic steroids, or anabolic-androgenic steroids ( AAS) are a class of Steroid hormones related to the hormone Testosterone. ^[43] Thorpe's difficulties heightened at the subsequent German leg of the tour in Berlin, when a standoff over a drug-test arose when officials wanted to take an unsealed sample due to lack of containers. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. After the standoff was resolved,^[44] Thorpe proceeded to cut more than 1. 5 s from his world short course record in the 200 m freestyle. ^[45] Given the context of the race, Thorpe rated it as his best-ever performance, ahead of his victories at Olympic and World level. ^[46] On returning from Europe, Thorpe faced further uncertainty until he was granted permission to wear his Adidas suit instead of the Australian uniforms provided by Speedo. ^[47]

With the past uncertainties resolved, Thorpe proceeded to the Olympic selection trials at Sydney Olympic Park in May 2000. Sydney Olympic Park is a 640-hectare site located in the Suburb of Homebush Bay in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia He again broke his 400 m world record on the first night of racing, lowering it to 3 min 41. 33 s to earn his first Olympic selection. ^[7][48] The following day, he lowered his 200 m world record in the semi-finals to 1 min 45. 69 s,^[49] before lowering it again to 1 min 45. 51 s in the final. ^[7][50] His attempt to secure a third individual berth failed after he finished fourth in the final of the 100 m and withdrew from the 1500 m. ^[51][52]

2000 Summer Olympics

See also: Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics and Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics - Men's 4x100 metre freestyle relay

Olympic medal record
Competitor for  Australia
2000 Sydney - Men's Swimming
Gold	400 m freestyle	3 min 40. At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, 32 Swimming events were contested The final of the Men's 4×100 metres Freestyle Relay event at the 2000 Summer Olympics was held in Sydney Australia, on September 16, 2000. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, 32 Swimming events were contested 59 s (WR)
Gold	4 × 100 m freestyle relay	3 min 13. 67 s (WR)
Gold	4 × 200 m freestyle relay	7 min 07. 05 s (WR)
Silver	200 m freestyle	1 min 45. 83 s
Silver	4 × 100 m medley relay	3 min 35. 27 s

Entering the Olympics, the Australian public expected Thorpe to deliver multiple world records and gold medals as a formality; Sydney's Daily Telegraph posted a front-page spread headlined Invincible. The Daily Telegraph is a Tabloid Newspaper published in Sydney, New South Wales, by Nationwide News, part of News Thorpe cruised through the heats of the 400 m on the first morning of competition, posting a new Olympic record and shortening bookmakers' odds to 50–1. ^[53] By the time the final was held that night, the pressure had intensified — the host nation had yet to win its first gold medal. Thorpe led throughout, and although Italy's Massimiliano Rosolino was within a body length at the 300 m mark, Thorpe's finishing kick extended the final margin to three body lengths. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Massimiliano ("Massi" Rosolino (born July 11, 1978) is an Italian swimmer. This set a new world record of 3 min 40. 59 s. ^[54] Secret tests carried out by the Italian Olympic Committee prior to the Olympics later showed that Rosolino had abnormal levels of human growth hormone. The Italian Olympic Committee (Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano CONI founded in 1914 is the national Olympic committee in Italy for the Olympic Games movement ^[55] Rosolino aside, Thorpe had left bronze medallist Klete Keller fifteen metres in arrears. Klete Keller (born March 21, 1982 in Las Vegas Nevada) is an American freestyle swimmer who won medals at the 2000 Summer ^[56]

Thorpe lined up later in the night alongside Klim, Chris Fydler and Ashley Callus to anchor the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, an event which the Americans had never lost at Olympic level. Christopher ("Chris" John Fydler (born 8 November 1972 in Sydney New South Wales) is a former freestyle Swimmer from Australia Ashley Callus (born March 10, 1979) is an Australian sprint freestyle swimmer who won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m The third leg ended with Australia only an arm's length ahead of the United States. Thorpe timed his dive much better than Gary Hall Jr., and surfaced a body length ahead. For his father also an Olympian see Gary Hall Sr Gary Wayne Hall Jr Hall's sprinting ability allowed him to open a lead by the final turn, but Thorpe's finishing kick overhauled him in the final metres, sparking wild celebrations amongst the partisan crowd. ^[7][54] It evoked an uncharacteristic celebration from Thorpe, who immediately jumped out of the pool, screaming and hugging his ecstatic teammates. He even went as far as playing air guitar to mock Hall's pre-race claim that the Americans would "smash" the Australians like guitars. Playing air guitar is a form of dance and movement in which the performer pretends to play rock or heavy metal -style Electric guitar solos ^[57][58]

When Thorpe broke the 200 m freestyle Olympic record in the heats the following morning,^[59] his main rival Pieter van den Hoogenband of the Netherlands conceded defeat. Pieter Cornelis Martijn van den Hoogenband (born 14 March 1978 in Maastricht) is a Dutch former swimmer and a triple Olympic champion The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands However, Van den Hoogenband showed his hand in the semi-finals by cutting more than a second off his personal best, to set a new world record of 1 min 45. 35 s. Thorpe qualified second and was under immense pressure to win the final the following day after his double gold on the first night. ^[60] Van den Hoogenband started quickly and Thorpe chased him, reaching the 100 m mark just 0. 04 s behind. Both swimmers turned at 150 m in identical times. As a result of starting harder than usual, Thorpe faded as Van den Hoogenband drew away to claim gold and equal his world record, stunning the home crowd. Thorpe touched in 1 min 46. 83 s, the first time that he had swum slower in the final than in the qualifying rounds. ^[61] Thorpe returned to victory when he led off the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay the following night, setting up a 10 m lead over American Scott Goldblatt in the first leg. Scott Goldblatt (born July 12, 1979 in Summit New Jersey) is an American Swimmer who specializes in the freestyle. Although Thorpe was unable to reclaim the individual world record, he, Klim, Kirby and Todd Pearson lowered their world record to 7 min 07. Todd Pearson (born 11 November 1977 is an Australian Swimming champion who was born in Geraldton, Western Australia. 05 s, over five seconds ahead of the Americans — the largest winning margin in an Olympic relay for half a century. ^[62][63] Thorpe rounded off his Olympics by swimming in the heats of the 4 × 100 m medley final, and collected a silver medal when the finals quartet finished behind the Americans. ^[7] Thorpe's performances as Australia's leading medalist for the Games were recognised when the Australian Olympic Committee granted him the honour of carrying the flag at the closing ceremony. The Australian Olympic Committee (AOC is the National Olympic Committee in Australia for the Olympic Games movement ^[64] At year's end, he was again named by Swimming Australia as the Swimmer of the Year, but Van den Hoogenband usurped him as the leading male swimmer chosen by Swimming World Magazine. ^[65]

2001 World Aquatics Championships

World Championship medal record
Competitor for  Australia
2001 Fukuoka - Men's Swimming
Gold	800 m freestyle	7 min 39. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The 2001 World Aquatics Championships or the 9th FINA World Swimming Championships were held in Fukuoka, Japan between 16 July and Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance 16 s (WR)
Gold	400 m freestyle	3 min 40. 17 s (WR)
Gold	200 m freestyle	1 min 44. 06 s (WR)
Gold	4 × 200 m freestyle relay	7 min 04. 66 s (WR)
Gold	4 × 100 m medley relay	3 min 35. 35 s
Gold	4 × 100 m freestyle relay	3 min 14. 10 s

With the 2001 Australian Championships held in Hobart in March, Thorpe added the 800 m freestyle to his repertoire, after FINA had added the event for the 2001 World Aquatics Championships. Artistic gymnastics World Artistic Gymnastics Championships: Men's all-around champion Feng Jing, China Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. The 2001 World Aquatics Championships or the 9th FINA World Swimming Championships were held in Fukuoka, Japan between 16 July and Thorpe began his campaign by successfully defending his 400 m title with a time just 0. 17 s outside his world record. ^[66] The following night in the 800 m event, he drew away from Hackett in the last 100 m to break Kieren Perkins' 1994 world record by over four seconds. Kieren John Perkins OAM (born August 14, 1973) is a former Australian professional swimmer ^[7][67] He earned his third title by cutting 0. 66 s from Van den Hoogenband's 200 m world record to set a new mark of 1 min 44. 69 s. ^[7][68] This performance made him the third male after John Konrads and Tim Shaw to hold world records over three distances simultaneously. John Konrads ( Latvian: Jānis Konrāds; born 21 May 1942 in Riga, Latvia) was an Australian freestyle swimmer of the Timothy Andrew Shaw (born November 8, 1957) in Long Beach, California) is a former American swimmer and Water His subsequent victory in the 100 m freestyle in a new personal best of 49. 05 s made him the first since Konrads in 1959 to hold all Australian freestyle titles from 100 m to 800 m. Athletics Marathon August 15 &mdash Enschede Marathon, Netherlands Men's Winner This indicated that he could swim faster at the subsequent World Championships in Fukuoka, where he was looking to regain the ascendancy from Van den Hoogenband. is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture and is situated on the northern shore of the island of Kyūshū in Japan, across ^{[2][7][69][70]}

Thorpe arrived in Fukuoka having been chosen by broadcaster TV Asahi as the marketing drawcard of the event. ( also known as EX and, is a Television network headquartered in Roppongi, Minato Tokyo, Japan. With the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay being held after the 400 m freestyle on the first night, Thorpe appeared to be conserving energy when he reached the 200 m mark two seconds outside his world record. Although he was 0. 93 s behind at the final turn, a final 50 m burst in 24. 36 s saw him cut a further 0. 42 s from his world record. The relay saw him dive in fractionally ahead of American Jason Lezak after Klim, Callus and Pearson had completed the first three legs. Jason Edward Lezak (born November 12, 1975) is an American swimmer. Thorpe fell behind in the early half of the leg before kicking away in the closing stages, to seal gold with his fastest-ever relay split of 47. 87 s. ^[71] In the 800 m final, he shadowed Hackett for the first 750 m, staying within a body length. He then broke clear to win by a body length, lowering his world record by over two seconds. ^[72] The 200 m freestyle rematch with Van den Hoogenband provided Thorpe with a chance to rectify his strategy from the Olympics; this time he allowed the Dutchman to lead through the first 100 m. Thorpe pulled even at the 150 m mark and then broke away towards the finishing wall two body lengths clear. He lowered his world record to 1 min 44. 06 s in the process, prompting Van den Hoogenband to raise his arm aloft. ^[73] Thorpe's winning streak was interrupted in the 100 m freestyle when his personal best of 48. 81 s placed him fourth, but he returned to form in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay. Anchoring the team of Klim, Hackett and Kirby, the Australians lowered their world record time by more than two seconds, leaving the Italians more than six seconds in arrears. ^[2][74] Having overtaken Klim as Australia's leading 100 m freestyle swimmer, Thorpe was entrusted with anchoring the 4 × 100 m medley relay team. After Matt Welsh, Regan Harrison and Geoff Huegill had finished their legs, Thorpe's change left him half a body length behind the new 100 m world champion Anthony Ervin of the United States. Matthew ("Matt" Welsh (born 18 November 1976 in Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian Swimmer who is the world champion in the Backstroke Regan Harrison (born November 25 1977 in Brisbane, Queensland) was an Australian Breaststroke swimmer of the 1990s and Geoffrey Huegill (born 4 March 1979 in Gove, Northern Territory) to an Australian father and a Thai mother is a swimmer from Australia who won a bronze Anthony Lee Ervin (born May 26, 1981 in Burbank, California) In 2000 he became the first swimmer of African American descent to The Americans were expected to win, and with his typically slow start, Thorpe turned a body length behind with 50 m remaining. With an American victory seeming inevitable, Thorpe managed to accelerate and deprive Ervin of the lead in the last 5 m. ^[75] This made Thorpe the only swimmer to have won six gold medals at a World Championships,^[7][20] and formed the basis for Australia's gold medal win over the United States 13–9. It was also the first time since the 1956 Summer Olympics that Australia had topped the medal tally at a global meet. The 1956 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was held in Melbourne ^[76] Thorpe's achievements led to predictions that he could match Mark Spitz's seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics, which he played down. Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10 1950 is a retired American Swimmer, best known for winning seven gold medals at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Munich, in what was ^[77]

2002 Commonwealth Games and Pan Pacific Championships

Thorpe began competition in 2002 at the Australian Championships in Brisbane in March, which were used to select the team for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships. Athletics For an extensive coverage see 2002 in athletics (track and field Marathon International Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland The 2002 Commonwealth Games were held in Manchester, England from 25 July to 4 August 2002 The ninth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50m event was held in 2002 in Yokohama International Swimming Pool in After his record six gold medals in Fukuoka, the meet was surrounded by further expectations of world records and speculation that he would match Spitz's seven gold medals. Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10 1950 is a retired American Swimmer, best known for winning seven gold medals at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games His winning time in the 400 m was the second fastest in history, but such was the expectation on him that his failure to break a world record was the talking point. He claimed the 100 m and 200 m events in times outside his best, making it the first time that he had failed to break a world record at a major meet since 1999. ^[78] He also experimented by adding the 100 m backstroke to his repertoire, placing second. This earned him a Commonwealth spot in a seventh event, leading to further media speculation that he could match Spitz. ^[79]

Commonwealth medal record
Competitor for  Australia
2002 Manchester - Men's Swimming
Gold	400 m freestyle	3 min 40. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The 2002 Commonwealth Games were held in Manchester, England from 25 July to 4 August 2002 Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance 08 s (WR)
Gold	200 m freestyle	1 min 44. 71 s
Gold	100 m freestyle	48. 73 s
Gold	4 × 200 m freestyle relay	7 min 11. 69 s
Gold	4 × 100 m freestyle relay	3 min 16. 42 s
Gold	4 × 100 m medley relay	3 min 36. 05 s
Silver	100 m backstroke	55. 38 s

By this time, Thorpe's relationship with Frost was beginning to unravel. Thorpe had always insisted that his swimming was about enjoyment and improving himself in setting faster times, rather than victory or defeat. This contrasted with Frost, who had a more aggressive and combative mindset, often making bold public statements. Thorpe ignored Frost's advice and bulked up his upper body by a further 5 kg to 105 kg, making him the heaviest elite swimmer in history. His reasoning that the strength gains would outweigh any loss in flexibility raised concerns over his physiological strategy. ^[80] On the first night in Manchester, Thorpe again lowered his 400 m mark by 0. 09 s to 3 min 40. 08 s,^[7][78] before anchoring the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay team to another gold. ^[81] Prior to the 200 m final, Thorpe was seen arguing with Frost in the warm-up area. Thorpe won, but was unusually angry at having failed to lower his previous best, publicly stating that he "wasn't with it" and that he had "one of the worst warm-ups ever". ^[81] Thorpe did manage to lower his personal best in the 100 m freestyle to 48. 73 s en route to his fourth gold, and anchored the 4 × 200 m freestyle and 4 × 100 m medley relays to comfortable victories. ^[81] When he collected a silver in his first international race in the 100 m backstroke with another personal best, he was forced to rebuff media comparisons to Spitz. He emphasized personal performance, stating "I think it's a limiting attitude to be competing against other people when you can be challenging yourself". ^[82] Despite Thorpe's assertion that he could not match Spitz, Frost predicted that Thorpe could win nine golds at one Olympics. ^[82] In spite of the media disappointment, Thorpe's six gold medals equaled the record set by Susie O'Neill, completing all in Games or World record time. Susan ("Susie" O'Neill (born August 2 1973) is an Australian former competitive swimmer from Brisbane, Queensland, who was famously ^{[7][20][78][81][83]}

Pan Pacific medal record
Competitor for  Australia
2002 Yokohama - Men's Swimming
Gold	400 m freestyle	3 min 45. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The ninth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50m event was held in 2002 in Yokohama International Swimming Pool in Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance 28 s
Gold	200 m freestyle	1 min 44. 75 s
Gold	100 m freestyle	48. 84 s
Gold	4 × 200 m freestyle relay	7 min 09. 00 s
Gold	4 × 100 m freestyle relay	3 min 15. 41 s
Silver	4 × 100 m medley relay	3 min 36. 52 s

The Pan Pacific Championships followed in Yokohama less than a month later, with media speculation about Thorpe and Frost overshadowing the racing. is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture, located in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshū and is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area Thorpe began his campaign with a victory over Hackett in the 400 m freestyle in a time five seconds outside his world record. Afterwards, he revealed that both swimmers had deliberately conserved energy for the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay later in the night. Australia subsequently won the relay, with Thorpe again overtaking Jason Lezak in the last 50 m. Jason Edward Lezak (born November 12, 1975) is an American swimmer. ^[84] He subsequently won the 200 m freestyle, and anchored the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay to victory to take his tally to four golds. ^[85] After qualifying second in the 100 m freestyle, Thorpe came from fourth at the 50 m mark win his fifth gold in a time of 48. 84 s. ^[78][86] Thorpe's run ended in the 4 × 100 m medley relay final, when despite setting the second fastest ever relay split of 47. 20 s, Australia were defeated. ^[87][88]

Menzies era

After the 2002 Pan Pacific Championships, Thorpe announced that he was splitting with Frost to train with one of his assistants, Tracey Menzies, who had no international experience. Tracey Menzies is an Australian Swimming coach most known for coaching five-time Olympic champion Ian Thorpe, Australia's most successful Olympian from Admitting that tension existed between him and Frost, Thorpe asserted that the split was amicable. He cited waning motivation for the split, stating "I decided I either had to make the change or it was to walk away from the sport". ^[89] The retired Talbot expressed concerns that Thorpe was making a decision whilst he was physically and emotionally drained, while other coaches felt that the new relationship would end up with making Thorpe, rather than Menzies, making the decisions. ^[20][90][91] Despite a turbulent year, he was again named by Swimming World as its World Swimmer of the Year. ^[78]

Along with the switch of coaches, Thorpe indicated that he would put more focus on improving his sprinting ability. He thus dropped the 800 m freestyle despite being the reigning world champion and record holder. During this period, his times in the 400 m and 200 m freestyle deteriorated, and both he and Menzies were criticised. The criticism continued to mount during their partnership, particularly during the build-up to the 2004 Olympics. Following his victory in the 200 and 400 events in Athens, Thorpe said that his results justified his decision, despite posting substantially faster times as a young swimmer under Frost. ^[92]

2003 World Aquatics Championships

World Championship medal record
Competitor for  Australia
2003 Barcelona - Men's Swimming
Gold	400 m freestyle	3 min 42. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Barcelona, Spain was the host city of the X FINA World Aquatics Championships or the 10th FINA World Championships in Aquatics, which were held from Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance 58 s
Gold	200 m freestyle	1 min 45. 14 s
Gold	4 × 200 m freestyle relay	7 min 08. 58 s
Silver	200 m individual medley	1 min 59. 66 s
Bronze	100 m freestyle	48. 77 s

The first major test of Thorpe's partnership with Menzies came at the Australian Championships held in Sydney in March. Thorpe did not threaten any of his world records, completing the 400 m and 200 m freestyle more than two and one seconds respectively off his best. Despite defeating Hackett in both races to retain his titles,^[93] he later admitted that he was "pretty disappointed" with his performances. When he tied with Ashley Callus in a time of 49. Ashley Callus (born March 10, 1979) is an Australian sprint freestyle swimmer who won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m 05 s,^[94] he was criticised by the The Sydney Morning Herald which stated "The measure of Thorpe's sprinting ability is that he could only match the efforts of a virus-riddled Callus". The Sydney Morning Herald ( SMH) is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia Thorpe found some relief by setting a new Commonwealth record of 2 min 00. 11 s in his first long course 200 m individual medley outing, the fifth fastest time in the past year. ^[95] Thorpe attracted further criticism when he withdrew from the inaugural Duel in the Pool with a medical complaint, despite travelling overseas for commercial and charity work. The Duel in the Pool is a Swimming event that began in 2003 The event which pits swimming stars from the United States against Australia, started as an ^[96][97]

Thorpe arrived for the 2003 World Championships in Barcelona for his first major competition since Menzies' appointment under heavy media scrutiny following non-improvement at the Australian Championships. Barcelona, Spain was the host city of the X FINA World Aquatics Championships or the 10th FINA World Championships in Aquatics, which were held from Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia On the first night of competition Thorpe defeated Hackett in the 400 m freestyle in a time 2. 5 s outside his world record,^[98] making him the first to win three world titles in the same event. ^[7] After his relatively slow 400 m, he was again under pressure in the 200 m freestyle after Van den Hoogenband led at the 100 m mark ahead of world record pace. Thorpe managed to respond and retain his world title,^[99] and gained some relief after his sprint training yielded his first medal in the 100 m freestyle at a global competition; he finished third in 48. 77 s. ^[100] In all three freestyle events however, he had swum slower than his times under Frost. He ended his individual campaign on a promising note with his experiment with the 200 m individual medley, setting a new personal best of 1 min 59. 66 s to claim silver. ^[101] Thorpe again anchored the 4 × 200 m freestyle team to retain the world title along with Hackett, Nicholas Sprenger and Craig Stevens, with a reduced margin over the Americans, who finished less than two seconds in arrears. Nicholas Sprenger (born 14 May 1985 is an Australian middle distance freestyle swimmer who won a silver medal in the 4x200 m freestyle relay at the 2004 Athens Craig Stevens (born 23 July 1980 in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian freestyle Swimmer specialising in the 400 m ^[7][102] Michael Klim's injuries left the relay teams weakened, with Thorpe anchoring the 4 × 100 m freestyle team to fourth,^[98][103] At the end of a difficult year in the water, his standing had fallen in the eyes of Swimming World, who rated him fourth in the world. Michael Klim OAM (born August 13, 1977) is a Polish -born Australian swimmer He was again named as Australian Swimmer of the Year, jointly with Hackett. ^[104]

2004 Summer Olympics

See also: Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics, Ian Thorpe false start controversy, and Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Men's 400 metre freestyle

Olympic medal record
Competitor for  Australia
2004 Athens - Men's Swimming
Gold	400 m freestyle	3 min 43. Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in the Olympic Aquatic Centre with the athletes competing in 32 events In late March 2004 at the Australian Championships in Sydney Ian Thorpe lined up in the heats of the 400 m freestyle but overbalanced whilst on the blocks and Records Medalists Pre Olympic buildup See also Ian Thorpe false start controversy In late March 2004 at the Australian Championships For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in the Olympic Aquatic Centre with the athletes competing in 32 events 10 s
Gold	200 m freestyle	1 min 44. 71 s
Silver	4 × 200 m freestyle relay	7 min 07. 46 s
Bronze	100 m freestyle	48. 56 s

After his feats at the 2003 World Championships, Speedo had generated significant media publicity by offering Michael Phelps US$1 million if he could match Spitz's seven golds. Speedo is a manufacturer of swimwear and accessories The company was started by Alexander MacRae under the name of MacRae Hosiery Manufacturers in Bondi Beach The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Thorpe was adamant that this was impossible, and scrapped his seventh event, the 200 m individual medley from his Olympic program. ^[105] In late March 2004 at the Australian Championships in Sydney, Thorpe overbalanced whilst on the blocks in the heats of the 400 m freestyle and fell into the water, resulting in his disqualification and ending the defense of his Olympic 400 m title. Events On January 28, International Olympic Committee Vice-President Kim Un-yong is arrested on charges of corruption in Seoul ^[7] This resulted in a large debate among the swimming and public community as to whether Thorpe should be given an exception to Australia's policy of selecting the first and second place getters, with Prime Minister of Australia John Howard describing the situation as a "tragedy". The Prime Minister of Australia is the Head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. See also Howard Government John Winston Howard AC (born 26 July 1939 was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia from 11 March ^[106] Despite the intense media spotlight, Thorpe managed to win the 100 m and 200 m freestyle events to ensure his selection for Athens. Craig Stevens, who had claimed the second qualifying position in the 400 m event, subsequently faced immense public pressure to relinquish his position to Thorpe, and later did so in a television interview for which he was paid. Craig Stevens (born 23 July 1980 in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian freestyle Swimmer specialising in the 400 m ^[7] This generated ethical debate as to whether Stevens' decision had been bought, and criticism against Thorpe. ^[107][108]

Thorpe overbalances on the blocks during the heats of the 400 m freestyle at the 2004 Australian Championships, resulting in disqualification for causing a false start.

The pressure in the lead-up was further compounded by the media attention surrounding Phelps, who had decided that the 200 m freestyle would be one of the events in his quest for eight gold medals. This prompted many media outlets to label the race between Thorpe, Van den Hoogenband, Phelps and Hackett as The Race of the Century. With the press spotlight growing, Thorpe tried to avoid media attention, resulting in a few terse media events. ^[109] Thorpe's increasing focus on the 100 m event, coupled with the media pressure, resulted in speculation that he was vulnerable to Hackett in the 400 m event. Thorpe made a slow start in the final, reaching the 100 m mark one second outside world record pace. In a topsy-turvy performance at irregular pace, there were multiple changes of lead before Thorpe established a body-length lead by 350 m. He was closed down by Hackett, holding on by only 0. 26 s in a time three seconds outside his own world record. Thorpe appeared to shed tears in an uncharacteristic sign of emotion, admitting that the controversy surrounding the event had taken a toll on him, but denying that any liquid had left his eyes. ^[110][111]

With Klim recently returning from a two-year injury layoff, and Callus ill, Thorpe could only anchor Australia to sixth in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay. ^[112] The 200 m began with Van den Hoogenband again attacking immediately, reaching the 100 m mark more than a second under the world record split, with Thorpe half a body length behind. Thorpe gradually reduced the lead before passing Van den Hoogenband in the last 50 m to win The Race of the Century by half a body length, in a new Olympic record of 1 min 44. 71 s. ^[113] Having achieved what had eluded him four years earlier, Thorpe reacted emotionally, immediately tearing off his cap, punching the air and screaming. ^[114] The next day saw six years of Australian victory in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay ended when Hackett, Klim and Sprenger had put Thorpe into the final leg 1. 48 s behind Keller. Thorpe gradually reduced the margin but was unable to pass Keller in the last lap, the United States touching 0. 13 s earlier. ^[115][116] Thorpe found himself on the other side of a close result when he qualified last for the 100 m freestyle by 0. 01 s. He capitalised in the final by coming from sixth at the 50 m mark to win bronze medal in a personal best of 48. 56 s,^[117][118] making him the only person to medal in the 100-200-400 combination in Olympic history. ^[7] After the Athens Olympics, Thorpe took a break from competitive swimming, skipping the 2005 World Aquatics Championships. 2005 World Aquatics Championships or the XI FINA Championships were held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from July 16 to July 31

2006: Attempted return and retirement

Thorpe returned to competition at the State Championships in December 2005 in the 200 m, stating his intention to retire after the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. ^[119] He also announced that with a view to concentrating on the 100 m freestyle, he had dropped his pet event, the 400 m freestyle, despite the urging of national coach Alan Thompson to swim the event. Alan Thompson is an Australian Swimming coach, who is currently the head coach of the Australian swimming team ^[120] Thorpe qualified for the 2006 Commonwealth Games in February 2006 by winning the 100 m and 200 m freestyle in times of 49. The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia between 15 March and 26 March 2006 Athletics (track and field For an extensive coverage see 2006 in athletics (track and field Track 24 s and 1 min 46. 42s respectively. Thorpe expressed disappointment with his performances, speculating that he may have misjudged his new training schedule and anticipating further improvement. ^[121][122] This was prevented when Thorpe announced that he had withdrawn from the 2006 Commonwealth Games due to bronchitis, which had stopped him from training. Bronchitis is an Inflammation of the Bronchi. More specifically it may refer to Acute bronchitis, caused by viruses or bacteria and lasting ^[123][124] The illness that floored Thorpe was later diagnosed as a strain of glandular fever,^[125] and after a further delay due to a broken hand, he moved to the United States in July to work with Dave Salo. Infectious mononucleosis, also known as Pfeiffer's disease, mono (in The United States of America) and more commonly known as glandular Dave Salo was appointed Head Coach of the University of Southern California Swim team in April 2006. Further disruption followed when Thorpe was forced to switch coaches due to ongoing media attention. ^[126] His stay was constantly surrounded by rumours that he was suffering from ill discipline, fuelling speculation that his international career was on the decline. ^[127][128]

Upon his return to Australia, he withdrew from the selection trials for the 2007 World Aquatics Championships, Thorpe announced his retirement from competition on November 21 and discussed his future plans. The 2007 World Aquatics Championships or the XII FINA World Championships were held in Melbourne, Australia from March ^[129] Thorpe noted that he had been contemplating retirement for some time, but was afraid of the future as swimming had given him a "safety blanket". Thorpe stated that he retired despite reaching higher levels of fitness, noting "As I got fit, physically fit, my mind also got fit", which he said had allowed him to reach his decision. He was close to tears when thanking the Australian public, but declared that his retirement was a "joyous" occasion of celebration. ^[130]

Plaque of Ian Thorpe outside Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre

Style

Thorpe's success has been attributed to a work ethic, mental strength, powerful kick, ability to accelerate and having a physiology suited to swimming. Sydney International Aquatic Centre is a swimming venue in Sydney, Australia. This led former Australian head coach Don Talbot to label him as "the greatest swimmer the world has seen". Don Talbot OBE is a former Canadian and Australian Swimming coach. Although Swimming World labelled his technique as "extraordinary" and "superior",^[131] Talbot disagreed, stating his belief that Thorpe has placed too much of the workload on his kick at the expense of his arms. Talbot also cited Thorpe's ability to manage his workload and his day-to-day recovery between races during a meet, which he believed was deficient. ^[132] He was known for his trademark six-beat kick to power away to victory in the closing stages of races, attributed to his unusually large size 17 feet. A shoe size is a numerical indication of the fitting size of a Shoe for a person ^[20][133]

Following his retirement, head coach of the US men's swimming team Bob Bowman, who coaches Michael Phelps, stated that Thorpe was "the greatest middle-distance swimmer of all time and he's the greatest relay swimmer I have seen". Bob Bowman is an American Swimming coach. He is the former Head coach of Club Wolverine and the University of Michigan. Michael Fred Phelps (born June 30 1985 is an American swimmer. He also further cited Thorpe's ability to raise the profile of the sport and popularise it, noting that Phelps' public image was itself modelled on Thorpe's. Australian Olympic Committee president John Coates stated that "In 50 years from now Australians will still marvel at the feats of Ian Thorpe", paying tribute to his work for the Olympic movement. The Australian Olympic Committee (AOC is the National Olympic Committee in Australia for the Olympic Games movement John Coates may refer to John Coates (tenor (1865&ndash1941 English tenor John Coates (mathematician (born 1945 Australian mathematician Dawn Fraser, the first person to win an Olympic event three times, said that Thorpe was the "greatest swimmer in the world as far as freestyle swimming is concerned", lamenting that he would not be attempting a hat-trick of 400 m titles. Dawn Lorraine Fraser AO, MBE (born on 4 September 1937 is an Australian champion swimmer ^[134][135]

Allegations of drug use

Main article: Ian Thorpe and drug testing

Thorpe's success has often led to allegations by critics that he had been using illegal performance-enhancing steroids and banned substances. The Australian freestyle swimmer Ian Thorpe throughout his competitive career has long been the target of criticism that his exploits have been fuelled by Anabolic steroids, or anabolic-androgenic steroids ( AAS) are a class of Steroid hormones related to the hormone Testosterone. In 2000, prior to the Olympics, he was accused by both the head coach and captain of Germany's swimming team, asserting that Thorpe's physical attributes were a symptom of drug use and that his ability to exceed previous records suspected of being drug-fuelled made his feats worthy of suspicion. "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever ^[20][43] In 2007, the French newspaper L'Équipe, claimed that Thorpe showed "abnormal levels" of two banned substances in a doping test. L'Équipe ( French for "the team" is a French nationwide daily Newspaper devoted to Sports The paper is noted for coverage ^[136][137] The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) later confirmed that they had investigated Thorpe and dismissed the result. ^[138] Thorpe denied the rumours in a press conference. ^[139] Thorpe has himself been prominent in the campaign against drug use. He has called for the introduction of blood testing, promising to surrender a blood sample for retrospective tests and repeatedly criticised FINA for allegedly inadequate drug-testing procedures. ^{[20][43][140]} The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority has cleared Thorpe of any wrong-doing^[141] and FINA has dropped its investigation and closed the case. ^[142]

Personal life

Thorpe is one of the most prominent and popular sportsmen in Australia. Despite competing in a sport where the vast majority of international athletes live below the poverty line, marketing surveys have consistently shown Thorpe to be the most sought-after Australian athlete for sponsorship deals, surpassing footballers who compete on a weekly basis in much larger stadia. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered ^[143] Aside from his swimsuit sponsor Adidas, Thorpe is sponsored by Australian corporate giants such as Qantas, Telstra and the Seven Network. WikipediaManual of Style (trademarks, which says "Lowercased trademarks with no internal Qantas Airways Limited (ˈkwɔntəs ( is the National airline of Australia. Telstra or Telstra Corporation (often abbreviated as Telstra Corp) () is an Australian Telecommunications and media company formerly The Seven Network is an Australian television network, owned by the Seven Media Group. ^[144][145] In spite of his popularity as an athlete, his demeanour is often described as being quiet and mild-mannered. Known for his long-standing interest in fashion, he serves as an ambassador for Armani,^[9] and has his own line of designer jewellery and underwear. Fashion career From 1961 to 1970 Armani worked as a designer in well-known fashion house Nino Cerruti Jimenez after which he left to pursue freelance work Such interests have often led to speculation that Thorpe might be homosexual, with his picture having been featured prominently on gay websites. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. ^[144] In 2002 he finally denied this rumour in a radio interview, asserting that he was heterosexual. Heterosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the opposite sex or to a heterosexual orientation He added that he was flattered by the rumours, stating that being part of a minority group showed "strength in your character". ^{[20][146][147]}

Thorpe's interests in fashion and culture resulted in him making frequent visits to New York City (which he describes as a second home), often for obligations with Armani. The City of New York He was present at the World Trade Center the morning of September 11, 2001, having stopped there on his morning jog before returning to his hotel. The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan ^[9] It was during this September trip that he was invited to be interviewed on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, which was notable due to the relative lack of interest in competitive swimming in America compared to other major sports. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno is an Emmy Award -winning American late-night Talk show currently hosted by Jay Leno, on ^[148] He later became a spokesperson for the unsuccessful New York city bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics, even promising to defer his retirement to compete in 2012, if New York were to be successful. The New York City 2012 Olympic bid was one of the five short-listed bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics, ultimately won by London 2012. ^[149] Thorpe's interests have also seen him involved in television, starring in a reality television show in 2002 called Undercover Angels, which imitated the Charlie's Angels series. The year 2002 in television involved some significant eventsBelow is a list of Television -related events in 2002. Undercover Angels was a 2002 Australian Television series produced by the Seven Network which imitated the American Charlie's Angels is a television series about three women who work for a private investigation agency and is one of the first shows to showcase women The show involved Thorpe directing three young women who performed good deeds for people in need. Although it attracted more than a million viewers, it was widely panned by critics. ^[144][150] He has also appeared as an extra in the American sitcom Friends. Friends was an ^[9][151]

Thorpe is widely popular in Asia, and Japan in particular. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. He was identified in 2000 by TV Asahi as the swimmer likely to be the most successful at the forthcoming 2001 Fukuoka World Championships, and was selected to be its marketing figurehead. ( also known as EX and, is a Television network headquartered in Roppongi, Minato Tokyo, Japan. He visited Japan before the Championships to promote Asahi in a series of television events,^[2][152] and upon his return for the competition itself, he was mobbed at the airport by youthful crowds 25 m deep, with hundreds camping outside the Australian team hotel. He was also praised by older sections of Japanese society as a role model for youth, due to what they interpreted as his humility and work ethic. ^[144][153] In 2002, in the wake of the tourism slump after the September 11 terrorist attacks, he agreed to be a tourism ambassador for the Australian Tourism Commission in Japan. Tourism Australia is a statutory authority of the Government of Australia, with responsibility for Tourism marketing within Australia and internationally The high-profile campaigning included a meeting with then Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, resulting in an upturn in Japanese tourism to Australia which was credited to Thorpe. The is the usual English-language term used for the Head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime is a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006 ^{[154][155][156]} In 2005 the Yakult company in Japan released a 'Thorpedo' energy drink, featuring a picture of Thorpe on the bottle. is a Japanese Probiotic Milk -like product made by fermenting a mixture of Skimmed milk with a special strain of the ^[157] This was part of an equity deal with the So Natural food group in which Thorpe was offered a 5% stake in the company, initially worth A$1. So Natural is also the title of a 1993 album by British Soul singer Lisa Stansfield. 1m, in return for the use of his name and image on their products. The 15-year deal covers markets across East and Southeast Asia and could expand Thorpe's share in the venture to 50% depending on its commercial success. ^[158][159]

More recently, Thorpe has also emerged as a philanthropist, founding the Ian Thorpe's Fountain for youth in 2000. Philanthropy is the act of donating money goods services time and/or effort to support a socially beneficial cause with a defined objective and with no financial or material ^[160] The organization raises funds for research on childhood illnesses and also sponsors a school in Beijing for orphaned children with disabilities. In addition, it works with The Fred Hollows Foundation to improve health standards and living conditions in Australian aboriginal communities. The Fred Hollows Foundation is a Non-profit, community-based non- Government development Aid organization. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. ^{[2][161][162]}

See also

• Commonwealth Games records in swimming
• List of swimmers
• Australian Olympic medalists in Swimming

Notes

References

External links

• Grand Slam International profile for Ian Thorpe
• FINA profile for Ian Thorpe
• Swimming Australia profile for Ian Thorpe
• Ian Thorpe at the Internet Movie Database
• Ian Thorpe's Fountain For Youth

Awards
Preceded by Bryan Gaensler	Young Australian of the Year 2000	Succeeded by James Fitzpatrick
Preceded by Michael Klim	World Swimmer of the Year 1998–1999	Succeeded by Pieter van den Hoogenband
Preceded by Pieter van den Hoogenband	World Swimmer of the Year 2001–2002	Succeeded by Michael Phelps
Preceded by Michael Klim	World Pacific Rim Swimmer of the Year 1998 – 2002	Succeeded by Kosuke Kitajima
Preceded by Kosuke Kitajima	World Pacific Rim Swimmer of the Year 2004	Succeeded by Grant Hackett