Iaşi
The Palace of Culture
Coat of arms
Iaşi Location of Iaşi within Romania (in red)
Coordinates: 47°09′44″N 27°35′20″E / 47.16222, 27.58889
Country	Romania
County	Iaşi County
Status	Municipality
Founded	1408 (first official record)
Government
- Mayor	Dumitru Oprea (Liberal Democratic Party (Romania))
Area
- City	93. The Palace of Culture ( Romanian Palatul Culturii) is one of the largest buildings of Romania, located in the city of Iaşi. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Romania 's administration is relatively centralised and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified Iaşi (jaʃʲ is a county (judeţ of Romania, in Moldavia, with the capital city at Iaşi. Romania 's administration is relatively centralised and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or The Liberal Democratic Party (Partidul Liberal Democrat or PLD) was a political party in Romania, formed in December 2006 as a breakaway group from the Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 9 km² (36. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 sq mi)
- Metro	787. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 8 km² (304. 2 sq mi)
Population (2002 census)320,888
- City	315,214 (July 01. 07)
- Density	3,417/km² (8,850/sq mi)
- Metro	400,000
	City: 315,214 (as of July 1, 2007)[1]
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal Code	700xxx
Area code(s)	+40 x32
Car Plates	IS
Website: www.primaria-iasi.ro

Iaşi (pronunciation in Romanian: /jaʃʲ/), אש in Hebrew or Jassy, is a city and municipality in north-eastern Romania. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The standard Romanian License plate consists of a blue vertical strip (the European strip on the left side of the plate displaying the 12 stars of the Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance This is the list of cities in Romania ordered by population according to the 2002 census County capitals of Romania A municipality ( municipiu in Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The city was the capital of Moldavia from the 16th century until 1861 and of Romania (Romanian Kingdom) between 1916-1918 during World War I. Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians See also Kings of Romania The Kingdom of Roumania (or ' Romania ' in post-1969 and also current spelling was the old Romanian state based on a form of World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

The second largest Romanian city,^[1] after Bucharest, Iaşi is the economic, cultural and academic centre of the Romanian region of Moldavia. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. The city has the oldest Romanian university and accommodates an annual count of over 60,000 students in 5 public and 3 private universities. It is home to more than 50 churches and hosts 5 cultural centres: British, French, German, Latin American & Caribbean and Hellenic. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Cultural life gravitates around the National Theater (the oldest in Romania), the Opera House, the Iaşi State Philarmonic, the Tătăraşi Atheneum, a famous Botanical Garden (the oldest and largest in Romania), the Central University Library (the oldest in Romania), an array of museums and memorial houses, an independent theater and several student organizations.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Jewish History of Iaşi 3.1 The Iaşi Pogrom 4 Geography 5 Population 6 Main sights 6.1 Churches 6.2 Gardens and parks 7 Cultural life 8 Economy 9 Education and science 10 Transport 10.1 Air 10.2 Rail 10.3 Road 10.4 Public transport 11 Gallery 12 People 13 Sister cities 14 References 15 Notes 16 External links

Etymology

The city is historically referred to as Jassy; (Hungarian: Jászvásár, Greek: Ιάσιο, Romany: Yashi; Yiddish: יאס Yas). Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High
Scholars have different theories on the origin of the name "Iaşi". Some argue that the name originates with the Sarmatian tribe Jazyges (of Iranian origin), one mentioned by Ovid as "Ipse vides onerata ferox ut ducata Iasyx/ Per media Istri plaustra bubulcus aquas" and "Jazyges et Colchi Metereaque turba Getaque/ Danubii mediis vix prohibentur aquis". The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες The Iazyges ( Jazyges is an orthographic variant were a nomadic tribe Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including

A nowadays lost inscription on a Roman milestone^[2] found near Osijek, Croatia by Matija Petar Katančić in the 18th century, mentions the existence of a Jassiorum municipium. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Osijek (ˈɔsjɛk is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 114616 in 2001 Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Matija Petar Katančić (born in Valpovo in 1750 died in Budim in 1825 was a Croatian writer professor of aesthetics and archaeology lexicographer numismatist A municipium (pl municipia) belonged to the second highest class of Roman cities being ^[3]

Another explanation is that the name originated from the Iranian Alanic tribe of Jassi. The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people The Hungarian name of the city (Jászvásár) literally means "Jassic Market"; the antiquated Romanian name, Târgul Ieşilor (and the once-favoured Iaşii), may indicate the same meaning.

The city is first mentioned in a 1408 document by Moldavian Prince (Voivode) Alexandru cel Bun. This is a List of rulers of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862 when it united A voivode or waywode is a Slavic title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force Alexander the Good ( Alexandru cel Bun; Alexandru I Muşat) was a Voivode ( Prince) of Moldavia between 1400 and 1432 son However, as buildings older than 1408 existed and still exist (for example the Armenian Church originally believed to be built in 1395; the present building is from the modern era), it is believed that the city existed long before its first mentioning.

History

Around 1564, Prince Alexandru Lăpuşneanu moved the Moldavian capital from Suceava to Iaşi. Alexandru Lăpuşneanu was Prince of Moldavia between September 1552 and 18 November 1561 and then between October 1564 and 5 May 1568 Suceava (pronunciation in Romanian: /su'ʧava/ Suczawa Сучава שאַץ / Shats) is the capital city of the Suceava County, Bukovina Between 1561 and 1563, a school and a Lutheran church were founded by the Greek adventurer Prince, Ioan Iacob Heraclid. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Ioan Iacob Heraclid or Ioan Iacob Eraclid (also known as Jacob Heraclides; 1511&mdash1563 was a Greek soldier and ruler of Moldavia In 1640, Vasile Lupu established the first school in which the mother-tongue replaced Greek, and set up a printing press in the Byzantine Trei Ierarhi Church (Church of the Three Hierarchs; built 1635–39). Vasile Lupu (1595&mdash1661 was a Moldavian Voivode ( Prince) between 1634 and 1653 Byzantine architecture is the Architecture of the Byzantine Empire. Biserica Trei Ierarhi (Church of the Three Hierarchs is a seventeenth-century church located in Iaşi, Romania. The Three Holy Hierarchs ( Greek: Οι Τρείς Ιεράρχες of Eastern Christianity refers to Basil the Great (known as Basil of Caesarea In 1643, the first volume ever printed in Moldavia was issued in Iaşi. Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians

The city was burned down by the Tatars in 1513, by the Ottomans in 1538, by the Imperial Russian troops in 1686. The Nogai people (also written as Nogay or Noghai, and sometimes called Caucasian Mongols) are a Turkic ethnic group in northern The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya In 1734, it was hit by the plague. Year 1734 ( MDCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Bubonic plague is the best-known manifestation of the bacterial disease plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis (formerly known as

Through the Peace of Iaşi, the sixth Russo-Turkish War was brought to a close in 1792. The Treaty of Jassy, signed at Jassy ( Iaşi) in Moldavia (presently in Romania) was a pact between the Russian and Ottoman Empires The Russo–Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved a futile attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to Russia in the course of the previous Russo–Turkish A Greek revolutionary maneuver and occupation under Alexander Ypsilanti and the Filiki Eteria (1821, at the beginning of the Greek War of Independence) led to the storming of the city by the Turks in 1822. The Filiki Eteria (spelled also Philikí Etaireía, Greek alphabet: Φιλική Εταιρεία or Εταιρεία των Φιλικών) Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829 also commonly known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση Elliniki Epanastasi; Ottoman In 1844 there was a severe conflagration. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Between 1565 and 1859, the city was the capital of Moldavia; then, between 1859 and 1862, both Iaşi and Bucharest were de-facto capitals of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (the Danubian Principalities). Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the In 1862, when the union of the two principalities was recognized under the name of Romania, the national capital was established in Bucharest. For the loss caused to the city in 1861 by the removal of the seat of government to Bucharest the constituent assembly voted 148,150 lei to be paid in ten annual instalments, but no payment was ever made. A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting and in some cases adopting a Constitution. The leu ( plural lei; ISO 4217 code RON numeric code 946 is the currency of Romania.

Iaşi's primitive houses of timber and plaster were mostly swept away after 1860, when brick or stone came into general use, and better streets were cut through the network of narrow, unsanitary lanes.

During World War I, Iaşi was the capital of a severely reduced Romania for two years, following the Central Powers' occupation of Bucharest on December 6, 1916. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Central Powers ( German: "Mittelmächte" Hungarian: "Központi hatalmak" Turkish: "İttifak Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The capital was returned to Bucharest after the defeat of Imperial Germany and its allies in November 1918. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

In May 1944, Iaşi became the scene of ferocious fighting between Romanian-German forces and the advancing Soviet Red Army and the city was partially destroyed. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The elite German Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland won an impressive defensive victory at the Battle of Târgul Frumos, a location near Iaşi. Infanterie-Division Großdeutschland (mot Panzergrenadier-Division Großdeutschland Panzer-Korps Großdeutschland The battle was the object of several NATO studies during the Cold War. The North Atlantic Treaty Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the By July, Iaşi had been taken by Soviet forces.

Jewish History of Iaşi

Main article: History of the Jews in Romania

Iaşi also figures prominently in Jewish history. The history of Jews in Romania concerns the Jews of Romania and of Romanian origins from their first mention on what is nowadays Romanian territory PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Records of Jews exist from the 16th century, and by mid-19th century, owing to widespread Russian Jewish and Galician Jewish immigration into Moldavia, the city was at least one-third Jewish. The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a Millennium. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term In 1855, it was the home of the first-ever Yiddish-language newspaper, Korot Haitim, and, in 1876, the site of what was arguably the first-ever professional Yiddish theater performance (See Abraham Goldfaden). Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Yiddish theatre consists of plays written and performed primarily by Jews in Yiddish, the language of the Eastern European Ashkenazi Jewish community Abraham Goldfaden (July 24 1840 &ndash January 9 1908 אברהם גאָלדפֿאַדען born Avrum Goldnfoden; first name alternately Abram, Avram

The words of HaTikvah, the national anthem of Israel, were written in Iasi by Naphtali Herz Imber. For the political party see Hatikva (political party. For the Tel Aviv neighbourhood see Hatikva Quarter. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Naftali Herz Imber (נפתלי הרץ אימבר נפתלי הערץ אימבער Нафталі Герць Імбер also known as Naftali Tzvi Imber, Naftali Zvi Imber

By 1930 there were over 30,000 Jews and over 127 synagogues. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of After World War II, it played a prominent part in the revival of Yiddish culture in Romania: from 1949 to 1964, Iaşi was home to a second company of the State Jewish Theater. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The history of Jews in Romania concerns the Jews of Romania and of Romanian origins from their first mention on what is nowadays Romanian territory Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat (TES the State Jewish Theater) in Bucharest, Romania is a theater specializing in Jewish related plays

Today, Iaşi has a dwindling Jewish population of ca. 300 to 600 members, and one working synagogue which dates from the 1600s. There is also a Jewish community center serving kosher meals from a small cantina. Kashrut (also kashruth or kashrus, he כַּשְׁרוּת refers to Jewish dietary laws.

Outside of the city on top of a hill there is a large Jewish Cemetery which has graves dating from the late 1800s; burial records date from 1915 to the present day and are kept in the community center.

The Iaşi Pogrom

During the early part of World War II, Iaşi was the site of a pogrom which was the largest massacre of Jews in Romania. A pogrom is a form of Riot directed against a particular group whether ethnic religious or other and characterized by destruction of their Homes Businesses During the war, while the full scale of the Holocaust remained generally unknown to the Allied Powers, the Iaşi pogrom stood as one of the known, well-documented examples of Axis brutality toward the Jews. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. The Iaşi pogrom of June 27 1941 was the second most violent Pogrom in Jewish history after Baby Yar, launched by governmental forces The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries

The pogrom began as a diversionary tactic. Due to its proximity to the Soviet border, the Romanian government accused the city's Jewish population of aiding the "Bolsheviks," and promoted rumors among the general population that the Jews were anti-Romanian. The pretext for the pogrom included a minor Soviet air attack on the city on June 26, 1941, two days after Romanian and Nazi forces invaded the Soviet Union. After a second air attack two days later, the 14th Infantry Division, led by General Stavrescu declared its mission of eradicating "those who are aiding the enemy," which meant the Jewish population. In a telegram, Staverscu wrote that the Russian aviators "had accomplices among the Judeo-communist suspects of Iaşi. "^[4]

The pogrom lasted from June 29 to July 6, 1941, and approximately 14,000 people, or half the Jewish population, was massacred either in the pogrom itself (around 2,000 Jews), or in its aftermath (around 12,000 Jews), and the rest were deported. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Under express orders from military dictator and German ally Ion Antonescu, the city was to be "cleansed" of its Jewish population. "Antonescu" redirects here For other persons with that surname see Antonescu (surname. Orders also specified that Section Two of the General Headquarters of the Romanian Army and the Special Intelligence Service (SIS) of Romania were to spread rumors of Jewish treachery in the press, including ones that Jews were guiding Soviet military aircraft by placing lights in their houses' chimneys. The Land Forces, Air Force and Naval Forces are collectively known as the Romanian Armed Forces ( Romanian: Forţele Armate Române A military aircraft is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing Aircraft that is in the current employ of a Military power ^[5]

A systematic massacre by the Iaşi police, Romanian and German soldiers, and a portion of the citizens of Iaşi followed; the remaining Jewish population was loaded onto overcrowded, sealed "death trains" that drove slowly back and forth across the country in the hot summer weather until most of their passengers were killed by hyperthermia, thirst, or infection and bleeding. The Romanian Police (Poliţia Română po'litsia ro'mɨnə is the national police force and main civil law enforcement agency in Romania. Hyperthermia, in its advanced state referred to as heat stroke or sunstroke, is an acute condition which occurs when the Body produces or absorbs more

Six Romanians of Iaşi are credited with saving around one hundred Jews (see Righteous Among the Nations), but, according to the official Romanian report on the subject, the vast majority of the population of the city did nothing to intervene, and a certain portion joined in the killing. Righteous among the Nations (חסידי אומות העולם Chassidey Umot HaOlam) which may at times refer to the B'nei Noah or Noahides as well is a term used

Geography

The city of Iaşi lies on the Bahlui River, a tributary of the Jijia (tributary of the Prut). The Bahlui is the largest river of Iaşi County, in eastern Romania. Jijia is a river in the Moldavia region of Romania. It rises in Ukraine at an altitude of 410 metres flows south in Botoşani County through Prut, or Pruth, (Прут is a 953 km long river in Eastern Europe. The surrounding country is one of uplands and woods, featuring the monasteries of Cetăţuia, Frumoasa, Galata (with nearby mineral springs), and the dendrologic park of Repedea. Cetăţuia may refer to several villages in Romania: Cetăţuia a village in Strugari Commune Bacău County Cetăţuia Frumoasa may refer to several places in Romania: Frumoasa, a commune in Harghita County Frumoasa, a commune in Dendrology (from Greek grc δένδρον dendron, "tree" and grc -λογία -logia) is the science of trees, and more Iaşi itself stands amid vineyards and gardens, partly on two hills, partly in the in-between valley. It is a common belief that Iaşi is built on seven hills (coline in Romanian): Cetăţuia, Galata, Copou-Aurora, Bucium-Păun, Şorogari, Repedea and Breazu, thus triggering comparisons with Rome, la città dei sette colli (The city of the seven hills). Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Seven Hills of Rome east of the river Tiber form the geographical heart of Rome, within the walls of the ancient city The city is about to become a metropolitan area, expanding its teritorry with 10 other comunities surrounding the city.

Population

• 1859: 50,000
• 1900: 78,000 (the second-largest city in Romania)
• 1930: 102,872
• 1948: 96,075
• 1966: 161,023
• 1977: 265,002
• 1992: 344,425 (the third-largest city)
• 2002: 320,888 (the second-largest city)
• 2004: 317,812 (as of July 1st, 2004, the second-largest city)^[6]
• 2006: 306,000 (the third-largest city)^[7]
• 2007 (July 1st): 315,214 (second largest city)^[1]

Main sights

Iaşi is an outstanding educational center, and preserves some beautiful pieces of architecture, such as the Trei Ierarhi Church and the neo-Gothic Palace of Culture (the site of four museums - of History, of Technology, of Ethnography, and of Art). The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began The Palace of Culture ( Romanian Palatul Culturii) is one of the largest buildings of Romania, located in the city of Iaşi. Many buildings in the old city center were demolished during the Communist regime, with a few Soviet-style blocks of flats built instead.

Churches

Iaşi is the seat of the Romanian Orthodox Church Metropolitan bishopric of Moldavia, and of a Roman Catholic bishopric. The Romanian Orthodox Church ( Biserica Ortodoxă Română in Romanian) is a Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church The Roman-Catholic Church (Biserica Romano-Catolică din România in Romania is a Latin Church Christian church part of the worldwide Catholic Church A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight The city houses more than 40 churches. The oldest one is Saint Nicholas, dating from the reign of Stephen the Great (1457-1504); perhaps the finest, however, are the 17th century older metropolitan church, Saint Spiridion and Trei Ierarhi, the last a curious example of Byzantine art, erected in 1635-1639 by Vasile Lupu, and adorned with countless gilded carvings on its outer walls and twin towers. Stephen III of Moldavia or Stephen III (c 1433 - July 2, 1504) also known as Stephen the Great ( Romanian: Ştefan As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Other beautiful churches, some surrounded by big walls, are: Galata (1581), Golia, St. Sava, Barnovschi, Bărboi (17th century), Cetăţuia (the end of the 17th century) and Frumoasa (18th century).

Gardens and parks

Cultural life

One of the most important cultural center, Iaşi has many theaters, museums, and the like.

The "Vasile Alecsandri" National Theater, opened in 1837 is the oldest National Theatre in Romania. The building, designed according to the plans of the Viennese architects Hermann Helmer and Ferdinand Fellner was built between 1894-1896, and also hosts starting 1956 the National Romanian Opera Iaşi. Ferdinand Fellner ( April 19, 1847 - March 22, 1916) was an architect who along with Hermann Helmer ( July 13 1849 Ferdinand Fellner ( April 19, 1847 - March 22, 1916) was an architect who along with Hermann Helmer ( July 13 1849

Iasi is home to

• Iaşi State Philarmonic
• "Luceafărul" Theater for children and youth
• Tătăraşi Atheneum

Four museums are located in the Palace of Culture, one of the largest buildings of Romania. The Palace of Culture ( Romanian Palatul Culturii) is one of the largest buildings of Romania, located in the city of Iaşi. Construction was carried out between the years 1906-1925 on the old ruins of the Royal Court of Moldavia and it is designed in flamboyant neo-Gothic style. Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began The palace counts 298 rooms and has a total room surface of about 36 000 m².

• The Art Museum has the largest art collection in Romania, with more than 8,000 paintings, out of which 1,000 belong to the national and universal patrimony
• The Moldavian History Museum offers more than 35,000 objects from various fields: archaeology, numismatics, decorative art, ancient books, documents
• The Ethnographic Museum of Moldavia owns more than 11,000 objects depicting the Romanian advance through the ages
• The Museum of Science and Technology offers many musical devices

Foreign culture centres

• French Cultural Centre
• German Cultural Centre
• British Cultural Centre
• Latin American and Caribbean Cultural Centre
• Hellenic Cultural Centre

Economy

Iasi is an important economic centre in Romania. Vasile Alecsandri, ( 21 July 1821 &ndash 22 August 1890) was a Romanian poet playwright politician and diplomat It has an active trade in metals, medical drugs (antibiotics), textiles and clothing, banking, wine, preserved meat. The city has also become an important IT sector centre, with many software companies and two universities that provide high quality graduate engineers. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Iasi is also an important regional commercial centre. There are two shopping malls, Iasi and Bucharest being first cities in Romania that starting 2000 operated this kind of commercial retail business. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors

Education and science

A society of physicians and natural historians has existed in Iaşi since the early part of the 19th century, and a number of periodicals are published. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods One of the oldest medical universities in Romania, founded in 1879, is in Iaşi. It is now known as the "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.

The first Technical High Education structure in Romanian language was established in the autumn of 1813, when engineer Gheorghe Asachi laid the foundations of a class of engineers, its activities taking place within the Greek Academy of Iaşi. Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Gheorghe Asachi or Asaki ( March 1, 1788 &ndash November 12, 1869) was a Moldavian born Romanian prose writer Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly

After 1813, other moments marked the development of higher education in Romanian, regarding both humanities and the technical science. The humanities are academic disciplines which study the Human condition, using methods that are primarily Analytic, Critical, or Speculative In 1835, Academia Mihăileană was founded in Iaşi by Prince Mihail Sturdza. Academia Mihăileană was an institution of higher learning based in Iaşi, Moldavia, and active in the first part of the 19th century This is a List of rulers of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862 when it united Mihail Sturdza (1795 Iaşi - 1884 was a prince of Moldavia from 1834 to 1849

Iaşi is home to the oldest Romanian university (University of Iaşi), opened by (and nowadays named after) Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza in 1860. The University of Iaşi (in full Alexander John Cuza University Iaşi; Romanian: Universitatea "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" Iaşi) is a Domnitor (pl domnitori) was the official title of the ruler of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1859 and Alexander Joan Cuza (a common old English rendition of Alexandru Ioan Cuza; March 20, 1820 – May 15, 1873) was a Moldavian The city is host to five universities, and is widely regarded as the cultural "heart" of the Old Kingdom (that is Moldavia, Wallachia, and Dobruja - the three regions comprising Romania until 1918).

In 1937, the two applied science sections of the university of Iaşi became departments of the newly created Gheorghe Asachi Polytechnic School; In the period before and after World War II, the later (renamed Polytechnic Institute in 1948) extended its domain of activity, especially in the field of engineering, and became adopted a Technical University in 1993. For the song by 311, see Grassroots. Applied science is the application of knowledge from one or more natural scientific World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Public Universities:

• "Al. I. Cuza" University
• "Gh. Asachi" Technical University
• "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy
• "G. Enescu" University of Arts
• "I. Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine

Besides the universities, there are schools of art and music. The University's Central Library, where the chief records of Romanian history are preserved, is the oldest and the second largest in Romania.

Transport

Air

The Iaşi International Airport (IAS), located 8 km to the east of the city centre, is the busiest airport in Romanian region of Moldavia. Iaşi Airport is located in Iaşi, the second largest Romanian

Rail

The Iaşi Central Rail Station, located about 1. 5 km to the city centre, is situated on the CFR-Romanian Railways Main Line 600 (Bucharest - Romanian Eastern Border) and on the Line 606 (Iaşi - Paşcani). Căile Ferate Române (translated "Romanian Railways" abbreviated as CFR) is the official designation of the State Railway carrier Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Paşcani is a city in Iaşi County in the Moldova region of Romania on the Siret river CFR provides direct rail connections to all the major Romanian cities and to Chişinău. Chişinău (kiʃi'nəw (also known as Kishinev, Кишинёв Kishinyov) is the capital and largest city of Moldova. The rail station is very well connected to all the parts of the city by the trams, and buses of the local public transport company, RATC. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train The city is also served by Nicolina International Rail Station.

Road

Iaşi is connected to European route E85/E583 with Bucharest through a partially four lane express road. It is also planned a East-West freeway connection Romanian Motorway A4 to Romanian Motorway A3 (also known as "Transylvania Motorway"). The Iaşi Coach Station is used by several private transport companies to provide coach connections from Iaşi to a large number of locations from all over the country. In British English and Australian English, the term coach is used to refer to a large motor vehicle for conveying passengers

Public transport

RATP, the local public transport company, runs an extensive public transport network within the city using trams and buses. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train

Gallery

The University's Central Library "Mihai Eminescu"	Luceafărul theatre	Lăpuşneanu Street	The tower of Golia monastery
Hotel Europa	Iulius Mall	Moldova Mall	The Central Market ("Hala Centrală")

People

See: List of people from Iaşi

Sister cities

• Chişinău, Moldova. People from Iaşi, Romania. Natives Dimitrie Alexandresco Chişinău (kiʃi'nəw (also known as Kishinev, Кишинёв Kishinyov) is the capital and largest city of Moldova. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania
• Assiut, Egypt. Lycopolis and Lykopolis redirect here for the ancient city bearing those names located in the delta of the Nile see Lycopolis (Delta This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics.
• Atlanta, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• Filacciano, Italy. Filacciano is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Latium, located about 40 km north of Rome Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
• Forano, Italy. Forano is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region Latium, located about 45 km north of Rome
• Ilioupoli, Greece. Ilioupoli ( Greek, Modern Ηλιούπολη Ancient/ Katharevousa, meaning "sun city" from ήλιος/ilios/sun and πόλη/polis/city older forms Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
• Isfahan, Iran. Esfahān or Isfahan (historically also rendered as Ispahan or Hispahan, Old Persian: Aspadana, Middle Persian: Spahān For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.
• Jericho, Palestine. Jericho ( Arabic, ʼArīḥā; Hebrew, Standard Yəriḥo Tiberian Yərîḫô Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River.
• Kozani, Greece. Kozani (Κοζάνη is a city in northern Greece, capital of Kozani Prefecture and of West Macedonia Periphery. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
• Monterrey, Mexico. This article is about the Mexican city for other uses see Monterrey (disambiguation. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America.
• Morlupo, Italy. Morlupo is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Latium, located about 30 km north of Rome
• Nazzano, Italy. Nazzano is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Latium, located about 40 km north of Rome
• Padua, Italy. Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy.
• Peristeri, Greece. Peristeri ( Greek: Περιστέρι standing for "pigeon/dove" in Greek older forms Peristerio and Peristerion is a suburban municipality
• Poitiers, France. Poitiers is a town on the Clain River in west central France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
• Quebec City, Canada. Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
• Sant'Oreste, Italy. Sant'Oreste is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 35 km north of Rome
• Torrita Tiberina, Italy. Torrita Tiberina is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 40 km north of
• Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. Villeneuve d'Ascq is a French commune, located between Lille and Roubaix, at the crossroads of the principal freeways towards
• Vinnytsia, Ukraine. Vinnytsia (Вінниця Vinnytsya) (also known by other names) is a City located on the banks of the Southern Buh River, in central Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.
• Xi'an, China. UserEl_C --> Xi'an ( Postal map spelling: Sian is the Capital of the Shaanxi province in the Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
• National Institute of Statistics: http://www.insse.ro

Notes

External links

• Iasi City Hall website
• (Romanian) Official site of the Iaşi police inspectorate

• Street Map of Iaşi, as comissioned by the City Hall
• Map of Iaşi Metropolitan Area (free interactive map with street index, points of interest, and geographic location hyper-linking)
• Map of Public Transportation in Iaşi (free interactive map with transportation index)

• Al. I. Cuza University of Iaşi official site
• Gh. Asachi Technical University of Iaşi official site
• Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iaşi official site
• G. Enescu University of Arts of Iaşi official site
• I. Ionescu de la Brad University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iaşi official site
• Iaşi - Come. See. Enjoy!
• Iaşi - Cetatea de scaun - shows in plenty of large pictures the city of Iaşi and its surroundings

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