iTunes Store

Opened:	April 28, 2003 (as iTunes Music Store)
Platforms:	Mac OS X; Windows: 2000, XP, Server 2003, Vista; Apple TV; iPod touch; iPhone
Format:	Protected AAC (. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K) is a preemptive, interruptible graphical and business-oriented Operating system designed to work with Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and Windows Server 2003 (also referred to as Win2K3 is a server Operating system produced by Microsoft. Windows Vista (ˈvɪstə is a line of Operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and business desktops The iPod Touch (trademarked and marketed as the iPod touch and sometimes colloquially referred to as the iTouch) is a Portable media player and The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc An audio file format is a Container format for storing audio data on a Computer system Advanced Audio Coding ( AAC) is a standardized lossy compression and encoding scheme for Digital audio. m4p) @ 128 kbit/s, audiobooks 32 kbit/s, Protected MPEG-4 Video (. In telecommunications Bit rate or Data transfer rate is the average number of Bits characters or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission MPEG-4 is a collection of methods defining compression of audio and visual (AV digital data m4v). From May 2007 also Unprotected AAC (. Advanced Audio Coding ( AAC) is a standardized lossy compression and encoding scheme for Digital audio. m4a) @ 256 kbit/s (only selected content on "iTunes Plus")
Restrictions:	Music - streaming to five computers every 24 hours, unlimited CDs (seven with an unchanged playlist), unlimited iPods and iPhones. In telecommunications Bit rate or Data transfer rate is the average number of Bits characters or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc
Catalogue:	More than 6 million songs worldwide, 65,000+ podcasts (USA), 10,000+ music videos (USA), 350+ TV shows (USA), 20,000+ audiobooks (USA), 14 iPod games (USA), 500+ movies (USA)
Preview:	30 seconds (Music, TV, & Video) / 90 seconds (Audiobooks) / 30+ seconds (Movies)
Streaming:	Previews only
Protocol:	iTunes Music Store Protocol (itms://)
Availability:	See article
Features:	Allowance, “Just For You”, Celebrity Playlists, gift certificates and gift cards, iMix, billboard charts, advanced search
Customer support:	Web only; See article
Website:	www.apple.com/itunes

The iTunes Store is a software-based online digital media store operated by Apple Inc. Opening as the iTunes Music Store on April 28, 2003, it proved the viability of online music sales and is now the number-one music vendor in the United States^[1]. A song is a Musical composition. Songs contain vocal parts that are performed 'sung' and generally feature Words ( Lyrics) commonly followed A podcast is a series of audio or Video digital-media files which is distributed over the Internet by syndicated Download A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U Streaming multimedia is Multimedia that is constantly received by and normally presented to an end-user while it is being delivered by a streaming provider (the In computing, a protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection Communication, and Data transfer between two computing The iTunes Store is a software-based online Digital media store operated by Apple Inc The iTunes Store is a software-based online Digital media store operated by Apple Inc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the Internet. Digital media (as opposed to analog media) usually refers to Electronic media that work on digital Codes. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. An online music store is an Online business which sells audio files usually music on a per-song and/or subscription basis As of the end of the second week of January 2008, the store has sold 4 billion songs^[2], accounting for more than 70% of worldwide online digital music sales. ^[3] Some downloaded files come with restrictions on their use, enforced by FairPlay, Apple's version of digital rights management. FairPlay is a Digital rights management (DRM technology created by Apple Inc Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders

Contents 1 Features and restrictions 1.1 Pricing model 1.2 Weekly Promotions 1.3 Availability 1.3.1 iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store 1.4 Customer support 2 Background 3 Catalog content 3.1 Music 3.1.1 "Album Only" 3.1.2 Sub-divisions 3.2 Audiobooks 3.3 Video 3.4 iPod games 3.5 iTunes U 4 Market share and milestones 5 Internationalization 6 File format 7 Digital rights management 7.1 Movement against the use of DRM 8 Criticism 9 Promotions 10 Other platforms 11 Legal disputes 11.1 Apple Records 11.2 The Consumer Council of Norway EULA challenge 12 Content disputes 12.1 Universal Music Group 12.2 NBC Universal TV series 13 See also 14 Notes and references 15 External links

Features and restrictions

Pricing model

Since the introduction of the iTunes Store, individual songs were all sold for the same relatively low price with no subscription fee. This contrasted to most systems in place at the time that also charged a subscription fee. The pricing model has basically remained this way in all countries though in some places song prices can vary based on artist. Music in the store is in the Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format, which is the MPEG-4-specified successor to MP3. Advanced Audio Coding ( AAC) is a standardized lossy compression and encoding scheme for Digital audio. MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a Digital audio encoding format using a form of Lossy data compression Songs with DRM are encoded at 128 kilobits per second (kb/s). Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders In telecommunications Bit rate or Data transfer rate is the average number of Bits characters or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission Songs from EMI and many indie labels are available without DRM and encoded at the higher-quality rate of 256 kb/s. For a time, these versions—known as "iTunes Plus"—commanded a premium price but have since returned to the flat-rate model. Previews, thirty seconds in length, are available free, prior to buying a song. Complete albums are also available for a flat rate regardless of the number of songs on that album. Podcasts are free. In addition, volume discounts of up to 20% are available for purchases of more than 25,000 songs. ^[4]

Feature length movies and television episodes are available for purchase. Movies tend to be priced below a DVD of the same film while television episodes are approximately double the cost of a song. DVD-Video is a consumer video format used to store digital video on DVD (DVD-ROM discs and is currently the dominant form of consumer video formats in the United

Finally, some games are available for some models of iPods for various prices, but none as expensive as a feature length film.

At the Macworld 2008 keynote, Apple CEO Steve Jobs announced iTunes movie rentals. Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24 1955 is the Co-founder, Chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc and former CEO of Pixar Animation Movies are available for rent in the iTunes Store 30 days after they have been released on DVD and are available for a cheaper rate. However, they only are accessible for 24 hours after you begin viewing them. This feature is not yet available in all countries.

Weekly Promotions

There is also a weekly promotion in which one to three songs are available to download for free to logged-in users. Free downloads are available on Tuesdays, and remain free until the following Tuesday. Some artists choose to have select songs available for no charge. This is not available at all iTunes Stores worldwide. Some iTunes television programs have begun the same technique to encourage brand loyalty; although those stay longer. In fact, the iTunes Store used to have a link to "Free TV" on its home page and the TV Shows section's home page which links to a complete listing of free TV shows, however it has disappeared (the page has remained online). Apple still sells free TV episodes; some channels have their own pages of "free Season Premieres. "

Availability

To buy files through the store, a user must pay with an iTunes gift card or a credit card with a billing address in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, or the United States. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Apple also offers other payment methods (like Paypal), which differ from country to country. PayPal is an E-commerce business allowing payments and Money transfers to be made through the Internet. Residents in other countries can only buy a gift card from a merchant or download free podcasts and previews. If someone buys a gift card, an address in the country of the gift card must also be provided.

iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store

The release of the iPhone and iPod touch brought the introduction of the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store. The iPod Touch (trademarked and marketed as the iPod touch and sometimes colloquially referred to as the iTouch) is a Portable media player and The iPod Touch (trademarked and marketed as the iPod touch and sometimes colloquially referred to as the iTouch) is a Portable media player and This version of the iTunes Store allows owners of Wi-Fi capable iPod touches and iPhones to purchase music directly on the portable music device. The iPod Touch (trademarked and marketed as the iPod touch and sometimes colloquially referred to as the iTouch) is a Portable media player and The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc ^[5]

Customer support

Apple provides no customer support for the iTunes Store over the phone, though Timothy Noah of Slate has found a customer service line. Technical support (also tech support) is a range of services providing assistance with technology products such as mobile phones televisions Computers Timothy Noah is an American Journalist. He is a senior writer for Slate Magazine, where he writes the "Chatterbox" column and a contributing Slate is an English-language online current affairs and culture Magazine created in 1996 by former New Republic editor Michael Customer service (also known as Client Service) is the provision of service to customers before during and after a purchase ^[6] All customer service inquiries are handled online. ^[7]

Background

Debuting on April 28, 2003, the iTunes Music Store was the first online music store to gain widespread media attention. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Apple's store allows the user to purchase songs and transfer them easily to the iPod through iTunes. iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc The iPod is the only digital music player (besides some Motorola cell phones and the iPhone) that is intended to work with the iTunes Store, although some other digital music players will work with iTunes. The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc The iTunes Music Store launched initially with about 200,000 files available for download.

On 5 September 2007, Apple introduced the iPod touch which included the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The iPod Touch (trademarked and marketed as the iPod touch and sometimes colloquially referred to as the iTouch) is a Portable media player and iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application introduced by Apple Inc An update for the iPhone which included the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store was released on 28 September 2007. The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Catalog content

Music

The store began after Apple signed deals with the five major record labels at the time, EMI, Universal, Warner, Sony Music Entertainment, and BMG (the last two would later merge to form Sony BMG). The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in Universal Music Group (UMG is the largest Business group and family of Record labels in the Recording industry. Warner Music Group (WMG is the third-largest of the "big four" major record labels, the others being Sony BMG, EMI, and Universal Sony Music Entertainment is a major global Record label controlled by the Sony Corporation of America, being one of the "big four" record companies Sony BMG Music Entertainment is a diverse music and entertainment group Music from more than 2,000 independent labels was added later, the first from Moby on July 29, 2003. An independent record label (or indie record label) is a Record label operating without the funding of or outside the organizations of the Major record labels Richard Melville Hall, also known as Moby (born September 11, 1965 in Harlem, New York) is an American DJ Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

The store has more than 6,000,000 songs,^[8] including exclusive tracks from numerous popular artists. Not all artists are available on iTunes, including some popular ones such as The Beatles, Bob Seger and the Silver Bullet Band, Garth Brooks, and AC/DC as well as a lack of complete or entire albums from some artists. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Robert Clark "Bob" Seger (born May 6, 1945) is an American Rock and roll Singer-songwriter and Musician. Troyal Garth Brooks, known professionally as Garth Brooks (born February 7, 1962) is an American Country music Singer-songwriter. AC/DC are an Australian Hard rock band formed in Sydney, Australia in 1973 by brothers Angus and Malcolm Young. Only until very recently have Radiohead come to a deal with iTunes and allowed their music to be sold via the store, and are one of the last remaining mainstream artists to do so. Radiohead

New songs are added to the iTunes catalog every day, while the iTunes Store is updated each Tuesday. Apple also releases a 'Single of the Week' in both English and sometimes Spanish and usually a 'Discovery Download' on Tuesdays, which are available for free for one week. ^[9]

Perhaps the most notable case of music being removed is of Frank Zappa; a significant portion of his music was added to the iTunes store in August 2005 and then in August 2006 removed. Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21 1940 – December 4 1993 was an American Composer, Electric guitarist Record producer and Film director ^[10]

Downloaded songs come with song information (name, artist, album) already filled out, though iTunes provides a free service by Gracenote to do this for songs not purchased from the store, although they must be imported with iTunes. Gracenote Inc is a company that maintains and licenses an Internet-accessible database containing information about the contents of audio Compact discs It provides software Songs that have an entry in the iTunes Store also come with album artwork. As of the release of iTunes 7, the artwork can be obtained for songs not purchased from the store for free if the user has an iTunes Store account. Purchased songs do not come with lyrics already typed in to the application's window for them; nor does iTunes provide a service for acquiring the missing lyrics. However, they can easily be obtained using a third-party Web site or Dashboard widget. Dashboard is an application for Apple 's Mac OS X operating systems used for hosting mini-applications known as widgets. An example of a Dashboard widget that can obtain lyric information while using an active Internet connection and playing the songs to view the lyrics, is called Sing that iTune! ^[11] Sing That iTune widget has lyrical information originating back to elyrics.net.

"Album Only"

Some songs are available from the store by "Album Only," meaning the song can only be acquired through the purchase of the entire album, whereas most songs can be downloaded separately from the album they belong to. Soundtracks often have many "Album Only" tracks. Movie soundtracks normally include songs owned by many different labels, making licensing more complex. For example, Forrest Gump: The Soundtrack includes songs from Peacock Records, Argo Records, and Capitol Records, among many others. Forrest Gump is the Soundtrack album based on the Academy Award - and Golden Globe -winning film Forrest Gump, and contains such Peacock Records was a Record label started in 1949 by Don D Robey. Argo Records was started in December of 1956 as primarily a jazz subsidiary of Chess Records. Capitol Records is a major United States -based Record label owned by EMI and located in Hollywood California and New York City as Greatest Hits by Red Hot Chili Peppers has only one song, "Higher Ground," that is not available for download on a per song basis. Greatest Hits is the Red Hot Chili Peppers ' second compilation album released on November 18, 2003 by Warner Bros Red Hot Chili Peppers are " Higher Ground " is a Funk song written by Stevie Wonder and first appearing on his 1973 album Innervisions. The easiest way around this is for the user to search for the artist and find the particular song(s) they want on another release, which is always available without having to purchase an entire album.

Sub-divisions

When entering the U. S. music store, there are multiple sub-divided stores that one can go into. These stores are either found under ‘More In Music,’ ‘Genres,’ ‘Pre-Orders,’ ‘Celebrity Playlists’ and ‘Free Downloads. ’ Within ‘More In Music,’ one can enter various random stores such as Starbucks Entertainment and iTunes Essentials. Starbucks Corporation ( is an international Coffee and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle Washington. iTunes Essentials contains groupings of music based upon the artist of the music (Artist Essentials), the genre or history of the music (Genres and History), or any other similarities (My Groove). A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set Each grouping of music is essentially a pre-made playlist. In its most general form a playlist is simply a list of Songs The term has several specialized meanings in the realms of Radio Broadcasting and The songs in the playlist are all listed in order of their importance, starting with the first song that the artist is most known for. These playlists usually contain either 45 or 75 songs equally distributed in three sections: The Basics (the biggest, best, and most important songs), Next Steps (usually composed of popular songs just beyond the hits) and Deep Cuts (under-appreciated songs). Occasionally, specific Artist Essentials do not have a Deep Cuts section. This usually depends on how many releases the artist has completed over the years. Within ‘Genres,’ one can enter music stores that only have one genre such as blues or reggae. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s There are a total of 20 genres in the U. S. music store. ‘Pre-Orders’ lists albums that one can pre-order before the album is released. ‘Celebrity Playlists’ contains lists of songs chosen and described by celebrities. ‘Free Downloads’ are songs that subscribed iTunes Store users can obtain for free.

On November 1, 2006, Apple created a new category for Latino or Hispanic content, “iTunes Latino”. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Telemundo and Mun2 made some of their popular programs available for purchase, becoming the first Hispanic television content in the store. It offers music, music videos, audiobooks, podcasts and television shows in Spanish in a single concentrated area. The brief descriptions given to the content is in Spanish as well as several sub-categories. Gibraltarian Flamenco Metal band Breed 77, released an exclusive album called Un Encuentro to coincide with the launch of “iTunes Latino”. Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar Flamenco is a Spanish term that refers both to a musical genre known for its intricate rapid passages and a dance genre characterized by its audible footwork Breed 77 (pronounced "Breed Seven-Seven" is a band whose music is a fusion of rock, metal and Flamenco. Un Encuentro is an album by Gibraltarian Flamenco Metal quintet Breed 77. It features 11 songs, all from previous albums, but all sung in Spanish.

Audiobooks

The iTunes Store also includes over 20,000 audiobooks, encoded at 32 kilobits per second. Ninety-second previews are offered for every book. These books are provided by Audible.com. Audiblecom is an Internet provider of spoken audio entertainment information and educational programming This is the same format available if the user signs up directly with Audible. com and chose the "iPod" format. The main difference is that it is unnecessary to sign up for a subscription to get audiobooks as is the case with Audible. A small discount is provided through buying audiobooks through the iTunes Store, but on a selective basis by Apple in comparison to an "always on member discount" if one has an Audible subscription.

Video

In October 2005, Apple announced the latest iPod would be capable of playing video files, which would be sold online through the iTunes Store in the U. S. ^[12] These videos included 2000 music videos and episodes of popular television programs. A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Apple made a deal with Disney to be the first supplier of TV shows, the first shows available included episodes of Lost and Desperate Housewives with each episode becoming available the day after it originally aired on broadcast TV. Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American serial drama television series. Desperate Housewives is an American Television Dramedy series created by Marc Cherry, who also serves as Show runner, and produced Several short animated films by Pixar are also available. Pixar Animation Studios is a CGI animation production company based in Emeryville California.

The selling of videos on iTunes sparked considerable debate as to whether there was a paying audience for programming available for free on TV. As MP3 Newswire pointed out, users are not so much paying for the TV programs themselves. Instead they are really paying for a service that offers the convenience of someone else digitizing free broadcast episodes for them for their portable device, each episode in commercial-free form, and a convenient place to select and download individual shows. Through an updated version of QuickTime Pro, users can create their own videos for the iPod, including digitized versions of programs recorded on their VCR if they wish to take the time and effort to save the cost. QuickTime is a Multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc, capable of handling various formats of Digital video, Media clips sound text PLEASE BEAR IN MIND THAT THIS IS A GENERAL ARTICLE ABOUT VCRs/VIDEOCASSETTE RECORDERS

iPod games

Main article: iPod games

On 12 September 2006, the iTunes Store began to offer additional games for purchase with the launch of iTunes 7, compatible with the iPod classic or iPod nano with video playback. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The iPod Classic is a Portable media player marketed by Apple Inc The iPod Nano (marketed lowercase as iPod nano) is a Portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. Launch titles included: Bejeweled, Cubis, Mini Golf, Mahjong, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, and Zuma. Bejeweled is a Puzzle game by PopCap Games, first developed for the browser in 2001. Minigolf, or miniature golf, is a miniature version of the Sport of Golf. Mahjong (also called mah-jongg by the American association Traditional Chinese 麻將 Pinyin: májiàng is a Game for four players that originated in is an Arcade game developed by Namco and licensed for distribution Tetris (Тетрис is a Video puzzle game originally designed and programmed by Alexey Pajitnov in June 1985 while working for the Dorodnicyn Texas hold 'em (also hold'em, holdem) is the most popular Poker game in the casinos and poker card rooms across North America and Europe Zuma is a fast-paced puzzle game developed by PopCap Games. It can be played for free online at several Web sites and can be purchased for a number of platforms The games cannot be played in iTunes. On 19 December 2006, iTunes released two more games for purchase: Sudoku and Royal Solitaire. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. is a Logic -based number-placement Puzzle. The objective is to fill a 9×9 grid so that each column each row and each of the nine 3×3 boxes (also called blocks Solitaire, also called patience, is any of a family of single-player Card games of a generally similar character but varying greatly in detail On 27 February 2007 iTunes released Ms. Pac-Man. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ms Pac-Man is an arcade Video game produced by Midway as an unauthorized sequel to Pac-Man. On 24 April 2007, Apple Inc. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. released iQuiz. Additional 'Trivia Packs' can be added to iQuiz through the use of the iQuiz Maker software. On 22 May 2007, iTunes released a version of the Lost video game, based on the TV series of that name. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Lost Via Domus (Incorrectly translated "The Way Home" in Latin; also known as Lost The Video Game in Europe) is a Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American serial drama television series. Also, on 17 July 2007 The Sims Bowling was added. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. On July 29, EA released The Sims Pool, before Sony BMG's first game "Musika" on August 7, 2007. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A game called Phase which is similar to Guitar Hero and made by Harmonix was added to the store on September 13, 2007. Phase is a music-themed iPod game created by Harmonix exclusively for the iPod Click wheel interface Guitar Hero is a Music video game developed by Harmonix Music Systems and published by RedOctane for the PlayStation 2 Video Harmonix Music Systems (or simply Harmonix) is a video game development company based in Cambridge Massachusetts in the United States. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The game allows users to use their own songs in the game.

iTunes U

iTunes U was announced at Cupertino, California on May 30, 2007. iTunes U "features free content such as course lectures, language lessons, lab demonstrations, sports highlights and campus tours provided by top US colleges and universities including Stanford University, UC Berkeley, Duke University, Arizona State University, and MIT. "^[13]

Market share and milestones

Since its launch, the iTunes Store has crossed many milestones. In the first 18 hours, the store sold about 275,000 tracks and more than 1,000,000 in its first 5 days. When released for Windows in October 2003, iTunes was downloaded more than 1,000,000 times in the first 3 days, selling more than 1,000,000 songs in that period. On December 15, 2003 Apple announced that it had crossed 25 million songs sold. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

In January 2004 at the Macworld Conference & Expo in San Francisco, Steve Jobs announced (Sellers, 2004) that an unnamed person had purchased $29,500 worth of music. Produced by Boston -based IDG World Expo, Macworld Conference & Expo is a trade show dedicated to the Apple Macintosh platform with conference tracks held The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city On March 15, 2004, Apple announced that iTunes Music Store customers had purchased and downloaded 50 million songs from the iTunes Music Store. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " They also reported that customers were purchasing 2. 5 million songs a week which translates to a projected annual run rate of 130 million songs a year. The 50 millionth song was "The Path of Thorns" by Sarah McLachlan. Sarah Ann McLachlan, OC, OBC (born January 28, 1968) is a Grammy -winning Canadian Musician, singer and ^[14]

On April 28, 2004, the iTunes Music Store marked its first anniversary with 70 million songs sold, clear dominance in the paid online music market and a slight profit. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " ^[15] The store also offers hundreds of movie trailers and music videos, in an attempt to boost soundtrack sales. In the conference, Steve Jobs reiterated that a subscription service is still not in the interest of customers and reported that only 5 million of the 100 million songs offered in the Pepsi giveaway campaign were redeemed, which he blamed on technical problems in Pepsi distribution. Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24 1955 is the Co-founder, Chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc and former CEO of Pixar Animation Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. According to an Apple Press Release released on August 10, 2004, the iTunes Music Store is the first store to have a catalog of more than one million songs. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " ^[16] Also, the iTunes Music Store at that point maintained an over 70% market share of legal music downloads.

On September 1, 2004 the iTunes Music Store had surpassed 125 million songs sold. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " ^[17] On October 14, 2004 the iTunes Music Store had surpassed 150 million songs sold. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " ^[18] On December 16, 2004 the iTunes Music Store had surpassed 200 million songs sold. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Ryan Alekman of Belchertown, Massachusetts, USA, bought the 200 millionth song, which was one of the tracks on U2's digital box set The Complete U2. Belchertown (previously known as Cold Spring and Belcher's Town) In 1816 part of Belchertown was combined with part of the town of Greenwich Massachusetts The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A box set (sometimes referred to as a boxed set) is a compilation of various musical recordings Films Television programs or other collection The Complete U2 was a " Digital Box set " by U2, released exclusively online in the ITunes Store on 23 November ^[19] On January 24, 2005 the iTunes Music Store sold a quarter of a billion songs worldwide. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[20]

On March 2, 2005, the iTunes Music Store had surpassed 300 million songs sold. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[21] On May 10, 2005 Apple announced that it had sold over 400 million songs. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[22] On July 5, 2005 Apple announced a promotion counting down to half a billion songs sold. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[23] On July 18, 2005 Apple announced that it had sold 500 million songs. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Amy Greer of Lafayette, Indiana, USA, bought the 500 millionth song, "Mississippi Girl" by Faith Hill. Lafayette (ˌlɑːfijˈɛt is a city in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, U The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The United States of America —commonly referred to as the " Mississippi Girl " is a 2005 song recorded by Country music singer Faith Hill and the lead single from her album Fireflies. Audrey Faith McGraw, known professionally as Faith Hill (born September 21 1967 is an American country singer known both for her commercial success ^[24]

On October 31, 2005 Apple announced that iTunes Music Store customers had purchased and downloaded 1 million videos since the launch of video support on October 12, 2005. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[25] On December 6, 2005 Apple announced that iTunes Music Store customers had purchased and downloaded over 3 million videos. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[26] On January 10, 2006 Apple announced that the iTunes Music Store had sold 850 million songs and 8 million videos. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[27]

On February 23, 2006 Apple announced that the iTunes Music Store had sold 1 billion songs and 15 million videos. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The billionth song was “Speed of Sound” by Coldplay, purchased by Alex Ostrovsky of West Bloomfield, Michigan. Coldplay TalkColdplay#Is_or_Are_dispute_again West Bloomfield Township is a Charter township and suburb of Detroit in Oakland County in the U Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. ^[28] On September 12, 2006 Steve Jobs announced in his "It's Showtime" keynote that Apple had 88% of the legal U. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. S. music download market, 1. 5 billion songs downloaded, and 45 million videos sold. On January 10, 2007 Apple announced that the iTunes Store had sold more than 2 billion songs, 50 million television episodes, and over 1. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 3 million feature-length films. ^[29]

On April 9, 2007 Apple announced that the iTunes Store had sold more than 2. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 5 billion songs. ^[30] On April 11, 2007 Apple announced that the iTunes Store had sold more than two million movies, making it the world’s most popular online movie store. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[31]

On July 31, 2007 Apple announced that the iTunes Store had sold more than 3 billion songs. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[32]

On January 15, 2008 Apple announced that the iTunes Store had sold more than 4 billion songs. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

On February 26, 2008 Apple announced that iTunes Store surpassed Best Buy to become the 2nd biggest music seller behind Wal-Mart. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

On April 3, 2008 it was announced that the iTunes Store had surpassed Wal-Mart to become the biggest music retailer in the US. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores ^[1]

Internationalization

Originally only Mac OS X users who had credit cards with a U. S. billing address could buy songs with the service, but Steve Jobs, the CEO of Apple, announced plans to support both Windows and non-American users. Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24 1955 is the Co-founder, Chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc and former CEO of Pixar Animation Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. The Windows version of iTunes and support for the Windows platform from the iTunes Music Store were announced on October 16, 2003, with immediate availability. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Beginning in 2004, the service has become available in a number of countries outside the U. S. :

• On 15 June 2004, the iTunes Music Store was launched in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Songs were priced at €1. 00 for France and Germany, and UK£0. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. 80 for the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located According to an Apple Press Release, the European iTunes Music Stores sold a combined total of 800,000 songs in one week, with 450,000 of those songs sold in the UK. ^[33]
• On 26 October 2004 nine countries were added to the iTunes Music Store in a large EU store expansion: Austria, Belgium, Finland, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. This extended availability to all countries that were then in the Eurozone except for the Republic of Ireland, where the iTMS became available on 6 January 2005. Euro Enlargement of the Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. These countries also pay €1. 00 for songs, and formerly shared catalogues. The Italian and Portuguese stores have been localized (language-wise). Some of these stores also currently lack music videos (e. g. Portugal). The French, German, American, and British stores are localized for their respective countries and have different catalogs. On 3 December 2004 the British Office of Fair Trading referred the iTunes Music Store to the European Commission because it prevents consumers in one EU country from buying music from stores in other EU countries, in violation of EU free-trade legislation; the immediate cause of the referral was because the €1. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Office of Fair Trading ( OFT) is a Non-ministerial government department of the United Kingdom, established by the Fair Trading Act 1973, The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. 00 price charged in the eurozone equates to UK£0. Euro Enlargement of the 68 in sterling, rather than the UK£0. 80 actually charged there. The iTunes Store is not yet available in any of the countries that joined the Eurozone after the original launch of the store—Slovenia (2007), Cyprus (2008) or Malta (2008). Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands
• The iTunes Music Store was launched in Canada on December 3, 2004. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
• On 10 May 2005, the iTunes Music Store "went live" for Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Denmark, after about two weeks of speculation about these countries (and Australia) receiving the store. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
• Apple officially launched the iTunes Music Store in Japan on 4 August 2005, with 1 million songs available; 90% of songs are priced at JP¥150. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[34] In the next four days the store had sold one million songs – the pace faster than that of the U. S. store. ^[35] In addition to a long delay, Apple failed to have one set price for singles. Pundits speculated that this may have indicated the introduction of new price structure to the rest of the stores in future, in favor of record labels who would like to see higher prices for new songs. Such a structure has yet to materialize.
• The iTunes Music Store was launched in Australia on 25 October 2005. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The release of video-capable iPods also saw the store launch with music videos and short films by Pixar, although TV episodes are not currently available. iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics Pixar Animation Studios is a CGI animation production company based in Emeryville California. iTunes Gift Cards (as they are now known) are now also available in many more stores such as JB Hi-Fi, David Jones, and the Woolworths chain of stores. JB Hi-Fi ( is an Australian CD, DVD, Blu-ray disc Video game and Consumer electronics Chain store. David Jones is a common name particularly in Wales and there have been several well-known individuals with this name Woolworths Limited is a major Australian company with extensive retail interest throughout Australia and New Zealand. Access was inadvertently given to some people in New Zealand, too. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island ^[36] Failed negotiations with the Sony BMG label (which had delayed the launch of the Australian iTMS significantly) meant that none of that label's artists were available at the time of launch. Sony BMG Music Entertainment is a diverse music and entertainment group Sony music was later added starting on January 17, 2006. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
• On November 1, 2006, the store started offering a range of Latino content including television shows and music for its Hispanic American and Puerto Rican clients. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} ^[37]

• The iTunes Store (along with a local Apple Online Store) was officially launched in New Zealand on December 6, 2006, although New Zealand users had briefly been able to buy from the Australian store when it first opened until that loophole was closed. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[38]
• Many users from central and south Europe are still waiting for their version of iTunes.
• The newly developed iTunes Movie Rentals will be released outside the U. S. within a year.
• On the 4th June 2008 the United Kingdom became the first European country to be able to buy and rent films on the iTunes Store at £2. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located 49 per rental and £6. 99 to buy.

Note that only the French, German (& Austrian), Dutch, Italian, Spanish, and parts of the Japanese store have been translated into their respective official or de facto languages, the remainder of the stores are in English but the content is localized to the respective country. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Also, iTunes has a very western-centric view as music in all non-west European languages are classified under the genre "World. " For example, songs from African musicians and songs from Indian musicians are all classified as World.

File format

Most songs are encoded using FairPlay-encrypted 128 kbit/s AAC streams in an mp4 wrapper, using the . FairPlay is a Digital rights management (DRM technology created by Apple Inc Advanced Audio Coding ( AAC) is a standardized lossy compression and encoding scheme for Digital audio. MPEG-4 Part 14, formally ISO / IEC 14496-142003, is a Multimedia Container format standard specified as a part of MPEG-4 m4p extension. AAC achieves better sound quality than the MP3 format when compared at the same bitrate.

While licenses to the AAC compression and the mp4 file format are readily available, Apple generally has not agreed to license its proprietary FairPlay encryption scheme to other mobile device manufacturers, so only devices from Apple are able to play the Fairplay-encrypted songs sold at the iTunes Store. The only exception were three mobile phones sold by Motorola in the years 2005–6: the Motorola ROKR E1, the Motorola RAZR V3i, and the Motorola SLVR L7. Motorola Inc ( is an American, multinational Fortune 100, Telecommunications company based in Schaumburg Illinois. The Motorola ROKR E1 (ˈrɒkɚ " Rocker " is the first Mobile phone to be integrated with Apple Inc Motorola RAZR V3 (pronounced " RA-zer " IPA/ɹeɪzɚ/ is a thin Clamshell mobile/cellular Camera phone designed and manufactured by The Motorola SLVR L7 (formerly known as the V8) is a version of mobile phone in the SLVR series

Currently the digital booklets included with some albums are in PDF. With the present iPod software, these files are not readable on iPods.

As of 29 May 2007 tracks on the EMI label have been made available in a DRM-less format called iTunes Plus. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in These files are unprotected and are encoded in the AAC format at 256 kilobits per second, twice the bitrate of standard tracks bought through the service. In telecommunications Bit rate or Data transfer rate is the average number of Bits characters or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission

Digital rights management

Apple's FairPlay digital rights management (DRM) is integrated into iTunes, which manages songs purchased from iTunes Store. FairPlay is a Digital rights management (DRM technology created by Apple Inc Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders iTunes relies on FairPlay to implement three main restrictions:

• Users can make a maximum of seven CD copies of any particular playlist containing songs purchased from the iTunes Store.
• Users can access their purchased songs on a maximum of five computers.
• Songs can only be played on a computer with iTunes or an iPod; other MP3 devices do not support FairPlay encoded tracks.

There are no restrictions on number of iPods to which a purchased song can be transferred nor the number of times any individual song can be burned to CD.

When Apple initially introduced FairPlay, songs purchased through iTunes had limits of three simultaneous machines and ten CD copies of a playlist. The adjustment to the current limits was implemented with the introduction of iTunes 4. 5 in April of 2004, presumably as the result of re-negotiations Apple had with major labels.

Apple's DRM technology is breakable. Various programs been written to remove the FairPlay wrapper and allow the AAC files to be used without technological restriction. More simply, a user can convert protected files to unprotected MP3 format by burning them to an audio CD, then ripping them back to iTunes. (Some audio quality is lost in this transcoding from one lossy format to another. See also Lossy data conversion Transcoding is the direct digital-to-digital conversion of one encoding to another A lossy compression method is one where compressing data and then decompressing it retrieves data that may well be different from the original but is close enough to be useful ) An alternative, though equally lossy, way of transcoding the files is to record the "Wave Out Mix" using an audio recording program (such as Audacity or Audio Hijack Pro) while playing the song on iTunes — and then encoding it to a format of the user's choice. Audacity is a Digital audio editor application Audacity is Cross-platform, using the WxWidgets software library to provide a similar Graphical

Competitors accuse Apple of using iPod, the iTunes Store, and "FairPlay" to establish a vertical monopoly and a lock-in for iPod users to use the iTunes Store exclusively (and vice versa). In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient In Economics, vendor lock-in, also known as proprietary lock-in, or customer lock-in, makes a customer dependent on a vendor for products This "lock" has two aspects:

• Apple has maintained tight control of its FairPlay encryption. Other online music stores cannot sell music files encoded with FairPlay, and competing devices from companies such as Creative Labs and iriver cannot play such files. Creative Technology Limited ( is a listed manufacturer of computer Multimedia products based in Singapore, where the firm was founded and now under the executive iriver (formerly iRiver) is a brand and division of ReignCom, manufacturer of Digital audio players and other portable This means that consumers who want to listen to songs downloaded from the iTunes Store must either have an iPod or convert the files to an open format.
• The iPod does not play files encoded in the Microsoft's WMA format or RealNetwork's Helix-protected format used by other online music stores. iPod owners who want to play music from other stores must circumvent the files' DRM.

In July 2004, RealNetworks debuted an application named Harmony, which converted files purchased from RealNetworks' RealRhapsody service into a FairPlay-compatible format that an iPod could play. RealNetworks ( is a provider of Internet media delivery software and services based in Seattle, United States. FairPlay is a Digital rights management (DRM technology created by Apple Inc Rhapsody is an online music service run by RealNetworks. Launched in December 2001 Rhapsody was the first music service to offer streaming on-demand access to nearly In response, Apple accused RealNetworks of "adopting the tactics and ethics of a hacker to break into the iPod. "^[39] and released a firmware upgrade that rendered iPods incapable of playing such files. In Computing, firmware is a computer program that is Embedded in a hardware device for example a Microcontroller. On January 3, 2005, an iTunes online music store customer sued Apple, alleging the company broke U.S. antitrust laws by freezing out competitors. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[40]

In 2006, a controversy erupted about a French draft law aimed at reinforcing the protection of works of art against "piracy", or illegal copying; some clauses of the law could possibly be used to request Apple to provide information about its FairPlay system to manufacturers of competing players. DADVSI (generally pronounced as dadsi, in English: dah dsee is the abbreviation of the French Loi sur le Droit d'Auteur et les Droits Voisins dans Apple and associated lobbying groups protested the draft law, going as far as to suggest that it condoned "state-sponsored piracy. " Some U. S. commentators claimed that the law was a protectionistic measure against the iPod.

Movement against the use of DRM

On February 6, 2007, Steve Jobs called on the Big Four record labels to allow their music to be sold DRM-free. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The music industry is the business of Music. Although it encompasses the activity of many music-related businesses and organizations it is currently dominated by the "big ^[41] On April 2, 2007, Apple and the record label EMI announced that the iTunes Store would begin offering, as an additional purchasing option, tracks from EMI's catalog encoded as 256 kbit/s AAC without FairPlay or any other DRM. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in This is a list of labels under the EMI banner Label Groups Angel Music Group Angel Records (UK Innocent

On May 29, 2007, Apple released version 7. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 2 of its iTunes software, allowing users to purchase DRM-free music and music videos from participating labels. These new files, available through the iTunes Store, have been called iTunes Plus music by Apple.

In October 2007, iTunes Plus ceased to be a purchasing option. It instead became mandatory for all iTunes Plus licensed content. In addition, the price of iTunes Plus reverted to the DRM price.

Almost immediately after the launch of iTunes Plus, reports surfaced that the DRM-free tracks sold by the iTunes Store contained identifying information about the customer, embedding the purchasing account's full name and e-mail address as metadata in the file. Metadata ( meta data, or sometimes metainformation) is "data about data" of any sort in any media While this information has always been in iTunes downloads both with and without Fairplay DRM, it is thought that it remains in the tracks as a measure to trace the source of tracks shared illegaly online, which the absence of DRM now facilitates. Privacy groups expressed concerns that this data could be misused if possessions carrying the files were stolen, and potentially wrongly incriminate a user for copyright infringement. 'Copyright infringement' (or copyright violation) is the unauthorized use of material that is covered by Copyright law in a manner that violates ^[42]

Criticism

The iTunes Store has received criticism, mainly through the feedback on the store itself, about the price of downloading television programmes on the UK store. It has been pointed out that buying all the series of Friends on the high street would cost £99, where as on iTunes it would cost nearer to £300^[43]

Promotions

On Super Bowl Sunday, February 1, 2004, Apple launched a promotion with Pepsi in which they gave away 100 million songs, through tokens on selected soft drink bottle caps. professional American football, the Super Bowl is the Championship game of the National Football League (NFL Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. Unfortunately for Apple, Pepsi failed to properly distribute the bottles to major metropolitan areas until only weeks before the promotion ended, despite a one-month extension of the deadline by Apple. The promotion was repeated beginning January 31, 2005, with 200 million songs available, and an iPod mini given away every hour. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The iPod Mini (marketed as the iPod mini) is a Digital audio player designed and marketed by Apple Inc

On July 1, 2004, Apple announced that, starting with the sale of the 95 millionth song, an iPod would be given away to the buyer of each 100 thousandth song, for a total of 50 iPods. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc The buyer of the 100 millionth song would receive a PowerBook, iPod, and US$10,000 gift certificate to the iTunes Music Store. The PowerBook is a line of Macintosh Laptop Computers that was designed manufactured and sold by Apple Computer Inc

Ten days later, on July 11, Apple announced that 100 million songs had been sold through the iTunes Music Store. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. The 100 millionth song was titled "Somersault (Dangermouse Remix)" by Zero 7, purchased by Kevin Britten of Hays, Kansas. Brian Joseph Burton, better known by his Stage name Danger Mouse, is an American artist and producer. Zero 7 are a Grammy Award -nominated Downtempo styled musical duo comprising Henry Binns and Sam Hardaker from the United Kingdom. Hays is a city in Ellis County, Kansas, near the intersection of Interstate 70 and U He then received a phone call from Apple CEO Steve Jobs, who offered his congratulations, as well as a 40 GB 3rd Generation iPod laser-engraved with a message of thanks. Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24 1955 is the Co-founder, Chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc and former CEO of Pixar Animation iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc

Inspired by Pepsi's marketing success with iTunes giveaways, Coca-Cola partnered with 7-Eleven to give away a free iTunes song with every 32 oz. Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries 7-Eleven is a worldwide chain of Convenience stores It is since March 2007 the largest chain store in any category beating McDonald's by 1000 stores Slurpee frozen beverage until July 31, 2005. Worldwide consumption 7-Eleven stores are a franchise, and Slurpees are offered in many but not all covered countries Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Songs could be redeemed until August 31, 2005 by entering a code printed on the Slurpee cup into the iTunes Music Store application. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Coca-Cola did this in spite of having its own music store, myCokeMusic. com, that competed with the iTunes Music Store in Europe. myCokeMusic. com ceased business on July 31, 2006. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[44]

On July 5, 2005 Apple announced that they were counting down to half a billion songs. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The buyer of every 100 thousandth song up to 500 million would receive an iPod mini and a 50-song gift card. The iPod Mini (marketed as the iPod mini) is a Digital audio player designed and marketed by Apple Inc The grand prize for the person who downloads the 500 millionth song was 10 iPods of their choice, a 10,000-song gift card, 10 50-song gift cards or 4 tickets to the Coldplay world tour. Coldplay TalkColdplay#Is_or_Are_dispute_again Twelve days later, on July 17, Apple announced that 500 million songs had been sold through the iTunes Music Store. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians The 500 millionth song, purchased by Amy Greer of Lafayette, Indiana, was "Mississippi Girl" by Faith Hill. Lafayette (ˌlɑːfijˈɛt is a city in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, U The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Audrey Faith McGraw, known professionally as Faith Hill (born September 21 1967 is an American country singer known both for her commercial success

On July 28, 2005, Apple and The Gap announced a promotion to award iTunes music downloads to Gap customers who tried on a pair of Gap jeans. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Gap Incorporated ( is an American clothing and accessories retailer based in San Francisco California, and founded in 1969 by Donald Fisher ^[45] From August 8 to August 31, 2005, each customer who tried on any pair of Gap jeans could receive a free download for a song of their choice from the iTunes Music Store. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

On February 7, 2006, Apple announced that they were counting down to the billionth song download and began a promotion similar to the previous 100 million and 500 million countdown. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Whoever downloaded the billionth song would receive a 20-inch (510 mm) iMac, ten 60 GB iPods, and a US$10,000 iTunes Music Card. The billionth song was purchased on February 23, 2006 by Alex Ostrovsky of West Bloomfield, Michigan. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. West Bloomfield Township is a Charter township and suburb of Detroit in Oakland County in the U Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The purchased song was "Speed of Sound" as part of Coldplay's X&Y album. " Speed of Sound " is a song by English Alternative rock band Coldplay. Coldplay TalkColdplay#Is_or_Are_dispute_again X&Y is the third Studio album by English Alternative rock band Coldplay, released June 6 2005 in the United Kingdom via the record label

On July 25, 2006, Facebook and iTunes began offering a promotion where members of the Apple Students group would receive a free 25 song sampler each week until September 30 in various music genres. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Facebook is a social networking Website launched on February 4 2004 Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the The idea behind the promotion was to get students more familiar and enthusiastic with each service as Autumn classes approached. ^[46] However in order to prevent abuse of the promotion, the weekly code that Facebook provided stopped working after it was redeemed one million times. In addition, the promotion caused discontent among international students, as the code was only valid in the U. S. music store.

Other platforms

Although iTunes is only supported on Mac OS X and Windows operating systems and devices, users of other platforms have been able to buy music from the iTunes Store by a variety of methods. Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. iTunes is known to run passably well using the Wine compatibility layer, but this method only works with x86 PCs. Wine is a free Software application which aims to allow Unix-like computer Operating systems on the X86 architecture to execute See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal ^[47] There have been alternative programs developed to access the iTunes Store, including SharpMusique. SharpMusique was a rewrite in C# of PyMusique, which was an ITunes Music Store client written in Python by Travis Watkins,

Legal disputes

Apple Records

For three years, The Beatles' record company Apple Records was in a legal dispute, Apple Corps v. Apple Computer, with Apple Computer over the name "Apple. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Apple Records is a record label founded by The Beatles in 1968 as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. Between 1978 and 2006 there was a number of legal disputes between Apple Corps (owned by The Beatles) and the computer manufacturer Apple Computer " On May 8, 2006, a ruling was declared in favor of Apple Computer, but Apple Records said it would appeal the ruling. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Despite this, plans were announced by Neil Aspinall in April 2006 to completely remaster and release the entire Beatles catalog on an unspecified online music service, as well as release some previously unheard work by the band. No date has been set as of yet. ^[48] It has also been reported that the Beatles' music catalog might initially be appearing on iTunes only, as Apple is reported to be negotiating with Britain's EMI group over an online distribution deal that might be exclusive for a limited time. ^[49] During his January 9, 2007 Macworld Keynote address, Apple CEO Steve Jobs used the band's song "Lovely Rita" to introduce the music-playing capabilities of the company's new iPhone. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. " Lovely Rita " is a song by The Beatles performed on the album Sgt This was regarded by industry observers as further evidence that the Beatles catalog would be introduced to the iTunes Music Store catalog in the near future. ^[50] On February 5, 2007, Apple Corps and Apple Inc. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. announced they had reached a settlement in their legal dispute. ^[51] In a related development, Apple announced on August 14, 2007 that the entire solo catalog of John Lennon would be available on iTunes. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born ^[52] The solo catalogs of the other three Beatles, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and George Harrison, are also available on iTunes. While The Beatles' official catalog is not yet available, their songs made by different artists (Studio 99, The Beat-less, etc. ) are available.

The Consumer Council of Norway EULA challenge

On June 6, 2006, The Consumer Ombudsmen in Norway, Sweden and Denmark launched a common open letter to Apple regarding the EULA of iTunes through the Norwegian Consumer Ombudsman Bjørn Erik Thon. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. An ombudsman ( English plural conventionally ombudsmen) is an official usually (but not always appointed by the government or by parliament who is charged with Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Bjørn Erik Thon (born 6 February 1964) is a Norwegian Jurist and Ombudsman. ^[53] The iTunes case is based upon an official complaint filed by The Consumer Council of Norway on January 25, 2006. The Consumer Council of Norway (Norwegian Forbrukerrådet is a Norwegian independent Consumer protection organisation Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

The main allegations were that:

• The EULA is unbalanced to disfavor the customer. Scandinavian law requires any written agreement to favor both parties. The weak party also enjoys protection from exploitation according to Norwegian consumer laws.
• The iTunes Store's use of Digital Rights Management limits the number of devices purchased songs can be played on. Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders
• iTunes' contract entitles the company to at any time change the terms of the contract without notice, including the selection of players or software that must be used for iTunes files, and also the number of times a customer can change or copy already purchased files. (This is standard practice in many EULAs. )
• The EULA is both vague and hard to understand for the customers.
• The EULA states that the legal relationship between the company and customers is regulated by English contract law. It is unreasonable to expect Norwegian consumers to have comprehensive knowledge of English law. Products marketed to Norwegian consumers in Norway are subject to Norwegian law — a right that cannot be waived by a clause in a company's standard customer contract.
• The EULA removes iTunes' responsibility regarding damage to the consumer’s computer due to software errors even though responsibility cannot be waived in Scandinavian Law. (Again, this is standard practice in many EULAs. )

Apple responded July 31, 2006. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[54]

On January 22, 2007, German and French consumer groups joined forces with Norway and Finland. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[55][56] Their goal is to create a united European front against iTunes (Germany and France has each had their own negotiation process with iTunes). According to the press statement iTunes is in favor of this. The key points in the negotiations were:

• Interoperability - the consumer should have the right and ability to play his music on any device of his own choice.
• Change of conditions - iTunes must revoke their right to change the terms and conditions (EULA) at any time without the consent of the consumer.
• Liability - iTunes should change its clause limiting its liability to recover consumer damages if they are caused by content sold by iTunes.
• Applicable Law - Consumers entering into a contract with iTunes should be able to rely on the consumer protection rules according to the law of the country in which they live.

Content disputes

Universal Music Group

On July 1, 2007, it was reported^[57] that Universal (currently the world's biggest music corporation) would not renew its annual contract to sell music through iTunes. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Universal Music Group (UMG is the largest Business group and family of Record labels in the Recording industry.

Instead, Universal said that it would market music to Apple at will, allowing it to remove its songs from the iTunes service on short notice if the two sides did not agree on pricing or other terms.

On August 9, 2007, UMG announced a plan to sell some songs in MP3 format, without Digital Rights Management, through a variety of online services such as Amazon MP3 and the newly-created gBox. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a Digital audio encoding format using a form of Lossy data compression Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders Amazon MP3 is a digital music store owned and operated by Amazon gBox is an online music store run by a Cupertino California -based startup called gBox Inc While these tracks continue to be available through the iTunes Store, Universal chose to license these songs in DRM-free formats only through other services. ^[58]

NBC Universal TV series

On August 31, 2007, Apple announced that programs on NBC's 2007-08 television schedule would not be available on iTunes. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's ^[59] NBC had informed Apple the previous day that it would not be renewing its contract. ^[60] It was later clarified that this change only applied to series produced by NBC Universal-owned Universal Media Studios, including Universal-produced shows on other networks such as House and Monk. NBC Universal is a media and Entertainment company formed in May 2004 by the combination of General Electric 's NBC with Vivendi Universal Universal Media Studios ( UMS, formerly NBC Universal Television Studio is the TV production arm of the NBC Universal Television Group. House, also known as House MD, is an American Medical drama, which debuted on the FOX network on November 16 2004 Monk is an American Dramedy series created by Andy Breckman and starring Tony Shalhoub as the title character NBC programs produced by other studios, such as Chuck (Warner Bros.) and Journeyman (20th Century Fox), remain available on iTunes. Chuck is an Emmy Award winning action-comedy television program from the United States created by Josh Schwartz and Chris Fedak. Warner Bros Television is the television production and distribution arm of Warner Bros Journeyman is a 2007 American Science fiction Twentieth Century Fox Television Inc (on-logo as 20th Century Fox Television) is the television production division of the 20th Century Fox movie studio a subsidiary ^[61]

Apple has publicly asserted that NBC would only renew their contract if Apple agreed to a price increase of $4. 99 per episode, which they did not. NBC disputes that claim, claiming that Apple balked at NBC's request to package shows together and make wholesale pricing more flexible. ^[62] NBC claims that they never asked to double the wholesale price and insisted that their shows would be sold by the iTunes Store through early December. ^[63] As of September 17, 2007, other networks who sell their shows via iTunes have not followed suit, as some predicted would happen. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. On December 1, 2007 NBC shows were pulled from ITunes. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The NBC show Heroes is currently available on the UK iTunes Store.

See also

• Comparison of video on demand services
• Live from London (iTunes)
• Hymn - software to remove FairPlay copy-protection from iTunes Store files
• Microsoft PlaysForSure - marketing certification scheme to promote Microsoft's WMA music format
• Apple TV - Set top device that plays media from iTunes on an enhanced definition or high definition television
• Digital booklet - Liner notes included in selected online purchases supplied in PDF

Notes and references

External links

• iTunes Store information page

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