ISO 639-3 (ISO 639-3:2007) is an international standard for language codes. ISO 639 is the set of international standards that lists short codes for Language names A language code is a Code that assigns letters or numbers as identifiers for Languages These codes are often used to organize library collections to choose the correct The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages. It extends the ISO 639-2 alpha-3 codes with an aim to cover all known natural languages. ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages In the Philosophy of language, a natural language (or ordinary language) is a Language that is spoken or written in phonemic-alphabetic or phonemically-related A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them The standard was published by ISO on 5 February 2007[1]. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
It's intended for use in a wide range of applications, in particular computer systems where many languages need to be supported. It provides an enumeration of languages as complete as possible, including living and extinct, ancient and constructed, major and minor, written and unwritten. [1] However, it does not include reconstructed languages such as Proto-Indo-European. Linguistic reconstruction is the practice of establishing the features of the unattested ancestor ( Proto-language) of one or more given languages [2]
It is a superset of ISO 639-1 and of the individual languages in ISO 639-2. ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2 focused on major languages, most frequently represented in the total body of the world's literature. Since ISO 639-2 also includes language collections, whereas Part 3 does not, ISO 639-3 is not a superset of ISO 639-2. Where B and T codes exist in ISO 639-2, it uses the T-codes.
Examples:
| language | 639-1 | 639-2 (B/T) | type | 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | en | eng | individual | eng |
| German | de | ger/deu | individual | deu |
| Arabic | ar | ara | macro | arb + several others |
| Minnan | (zh-min-nan) | individual | nan |
The final standard contains 7589 entries[3]. The Southern Min language or Min Nan ( POJ: Bân-lâm-gú or "Southern Fujian" language refers to a family of Chinese languages Dialects The inventory of languages is based on a number of sources including: the individual languages contained in 639-2, modern languages from the Ethnologue 15th edition, historic varieties, ancient languages and artificial languages from Anthony Aristar at the Linguist List as well as languages recommended within a public commenting period. Ethnologue Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics a Christian A constructed or artificial language known colloquially or informally as a conlang is a Language whose Phonology, Grammar Anthony Manuel Rodrigues Aristar (born in Cape Town, South Africa, 1948 is a Linguist, the founder of the LINGUIST List, the most important The LINGUIST List is the major on-line resource for the academic field of Linguistics.
A transition from ISO 639-1 could be done with List of ISO 639-1 codes. ISO 639 has five code lists The following is a list of ISO 639-1 Language codes including the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 codes where
Contents |
Code space
Since the code is three-letter alphabetic, one upper bound for the number of languages that can be represented is 26 × 26 × 26 = 17576. Since ISO 639-2 defines special codes (2), a reserved range (520) and B-only codes (23), 545 codes cannot be used in part 3. Therefore a lower upper bound is 17576 - 545 = 17032.
The upper bound gets even lower if one subtracts the language collections defined in 639-2 and the ones yet to be defined in ISO 639-5.
Macrolanguages
There are 56 languages in ISO 639-2 which are considered, for the purposes of the standard, to be "macrolanguages" in 639-3 [4]. ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes In defining some of its language codes some are defined as macrolanguages covering either significantly
Some of these macrolanguages had no individual language as defined by 639-3 in ISO 639-2, e. ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes In defining some of its language codes some are defined as macrolanguages covering either significantly g. 'ara' (Generic Arabic). Others like 'nor' (Norwegian) had their two individual parts ('nno' (Nynorsk), 'nob' (Bokmål)) already in 639-2. Nynorsk (literally "New Norwegian" is one of the two official Norwegian Standard languages the other being Bokmål. Bokmål (lit "book language" or Dano-Norwegian is the most commonly used of the two official Norwegian written Standard languages the other
That means some languages (e. g. 'arb', Standard Arabic) that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ('ara') are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves.
This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as two forms of the same language, e. g. in cases of diglossia. In Linguistics, diglossia is a situation where in a given society there are two (often closely-related languages one of high prestige, which is generally used
For example:
- http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ara (Generic Arabic, 639-2)
- http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=arb (Standard Arabic, 639-3)
See [5] for the complete list.
Collective languages
Some ISO 639-2 codes that are commonly used for languages do not precisely represent a particular language or some related languages (as the above macrolanguages). They are regarded as collective languages (or collectives)[6] and are excluded from ISO 639-3.
- See also: ISO 639-2#Collective languages
History
Stages [1]:
- 2006-07-14 FDIS 50. ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages 00
- 2007-02-05 60. 60
ISO specifications that recommend ISO 639-3
See also
References
External links
- ISO 639-3 Registration Authority
- Linguist List - List of Ancient and Extinct Languages
- explanation by Håvard Hjulstad
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