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ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ISO 639 is the set of international standards that lists short codes for Language names ISO 639 is the set of international standards that lists short codes for Language names International standards are Standards developed by international Standards organisations International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide The three-letter codes given for each language in this part of the standard are referred to as "Alpha-3" codes. There are 464 language codes in the list.

The U.S. Library of Congress is the registration authority for ISO 639-2 (referred to as ISO 639-2/RA). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress As registration authority, the LOC receives and reviews proposed changes; they also have representation on the ISO 639-RA Joint Advisory Committee responsible for maintaining the ISO 639 code tables.

Work was begun on the ISO 639-2 standard in 1989, due to the fact that the ISO 639-1 standard, which gives two-letter codes for languages, would not be able to accommodate a sufficient number of languages. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family The ISO 639-2 standard was first released in 1998. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)

While most languages are given one code by the standard, twenty-two of the languages described have two three-letter codes, a "bibliographic" code (ISO 639-2/B), which is derived from the English name for the language and was a necessary legacy feature, and a "terminological" code (ISO 639-2/T), which is derived from the native name for the language. A legacy system is an old Computer system or Application program that continues to be used because the user (typically an organization does not want to replace or Each of these twenty-two languages are also included in the ISO 639-1 standard.

In addition, there are codes for special situations:

Contents

Collective languages

Some ISO 639-2 codes that are commonly used for languages do not precisely represent a particular language or some related languages (as the above macrolanguages). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. They are regarded as collective languages (or collectives) and are excluded from ISO 639-3. ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages

For a definition of macrolanguages and collective languages see [1].

Collective languages and their ISO 639-2 codes are:

Not obviously a collective in 639-2

Bihari (bih) is marked as collective but on the other hand has an ISO 639-1 code (bh) which should only be for individual languages. Banda is a group of languages spoken by the Banda in Central Africa. Bihari is a name given to the western group of Eastern Indic languages, spoken in Bihar and neighboring states in India. For the languages spoken in Bicol Region, see Languages of Bicol. The seven Batak languages are spoken by the Batak people in the highlands of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Used to describe the languages of Borneo apart from the Languages of Chinese Indian or European origin Himachal Pradesh ( Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश Punjabi: ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ pronounced) is a state in the Ijo is a group of languages spoken in southern Nigeria, by the Ijo people The Karen languages are Tonal languages spoken by the Karen people and are classified as part of the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan language The Kru Languages belong to the Niger-Congo language family and are spoken in the area ranging from the south-east of Liberia to the east of Côte Nahuatl ( is a group of related languages and dialects of the Aztecan or Nahuan branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family The Songhay or Songhai languages, (soŋaj or in the dialects of Gao and Timbuktu are a group of closely related Languages Dialects centered on the Zande is an Ubangian language spoken by the Azande, primarily in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern Sudan Bihari is a name given to the western group of Eastern Indic languages, spoken in Bihar and neighboring states in India. The reason is that individual Bihari languages received an ISO 639-2 code, which makes Bihari a language family for the purposes of ISO 639-2, but a single language for the purposes of ISO 639-1.

Obviously intending to cover several languages

B and T codes

If possible ISO 15924 derives their codes from ISO 639-2 and where there are two codes ISO 639-2/B is favored. A constructed or artificial language known colloquially or informally as a conlang is a Language whose Phonology, Grammar The Afro-Asiatic languages constitute a Language family with about 375 languages ( SIL estimate and more than 300 million speakers spread throughout North Africa The Algonquian (also Algonkian, and pronounced both and) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic Altaic, according to its proponents is a language family that includes 66 Languages ref> Altaic languages spoken by about 348 million people mostly in and around The Baltic languages are a group of related languages belonging to the Indo-European language family and spoken mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic The Bantu languages (technically Narrow Bantu languages) constitute a grouping belonging to the Niger-Congo family Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin. A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common in situations such as Trade The Cushitic languages are a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken in the Horn of Africa. The Dravidian family of languages includes approximately 73 languages (including the four literary languages of Tamil, Telugu, Kannada Finno-Ugric (ˌfɪnoʊˈjuːgɹɪk is a grouping of languages in the Uralic language family comprising Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian and The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE Language family. The Indo-Aryan languages (within the context of Indo-European studies also Indic) are a branch of the Indo-European language family The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and its subfamily Indo-Iranian. The Khoisan languages (also Khoesaan languages) are the indigenous languages of southern and eastern Africa; in southern Africa their speakers are the Khoi The Mon-Khmer languages are the autochthonous Language family of Southeast Asia. The Niger-Kordofanian language family was proposed by Joseph Greenberg in his 1963 book Languages of Africa, originally under the name 'Congo-Kordofanian' The Nilo-Saharan languages are a hypothetical group of African languages spoken mainly in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers (hence the term The term Papuan languages refers to those Languages of the western Pacific which are neither Austronesian nor Australian. In Philippines there are over 170 languages almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all A sign language (also signed language) is a Language which instead of acoustically conveyed Sound patterns uses visually transmitted sign patterns Sami or Saami is a general name for a group of Finnic languages spoken by the Sami people in parts of northern Finland, Norway The Semitic languages are a Language family whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, The Sino-Tibetan languages form a Language family composed of at least the Chinese and the Tibeto-Burman languages, including some 250 languages of The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages The Tai languages (ภาษาไต are a subgroup of the Tai-Kadai Language family. ISO 15924, Codes for the representation of names of scripts, defines two sets of codes for a number of Writing systems (scripts

ISO 639-3 uses ISO 639-2/T. ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages

See also

External links

ISO 639 has five code lists The following is a complete list of ISO 639-2 codes including the corresponding ISO 639-1 codes where they exist A language code is a Code that assigns letters or numbers as identifiers for Languages These codes are often used to organize library collections to choose the correct The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress
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