ISO 8859-1, more formally cited as ISO/IEC 8859-1 is part 1 of ISO/IEC 8859, a standard character encoding of the Latin alphabet. ISO/IEC 8859 is a joint ISO and IEC standard for 8-bit Character encodings for use by computers A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Code page It is less formally referred to as Latin-1. It was originally developed by the ISO, but later jointly maintained by the ISO and the IEC. The International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC) is a not-for-profit, non-governmental international Standards organization that prepares and publishes The standard, when supplemented with additional character assignments (in the C0 and C1 ranges: 0x00 to 0x1F and 0x7F, and 0x80 to 0x9F), is the basis of two widely-used character maps known as ISO-8859-1 (note the extra hyphen) and Windows-1252. Windows-1252 (also known as WinLatin1) is a Character encoding of the Latin alphabet, used by default in the legacy components of Microsoft Windows
In June 2004, the ISO/IEC working group responsible for maintaining eight-bit coded character sets disbanded and ceased all maintenance of ISO 8859, including ISO 8859-1, in order to concentrate on the Universal Character Set and Unicode. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " A bit is a binary digit, taking a value of either 0 or 1 Binary digits are a basic unit of Information storage and communication The Universal Character Set (UCS defined by the ISO / IEC 10646 International Standard, is a standard set of characters upon which In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's In computing applications, encodings that provide full UCS support (such as UTF-8 and UTF-16) are finding increasing favor over encodings based on ISO 8859-1. UTF-8 (8- Bit UCS / Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length Character encoding for Unicode. In Computing, UTF-16 (16- Bit Unicode Transformation Format is a variable-length Character encoding for Unicode, capable of encoding
Contents |
Coverage
ISO 8859-1 encodes what it refers to as "Latin alphabet no. 1," consisting of 191 characters from the Latin script. For other uses see Character. In Computer and machine-based Telecommunications terminology a character is a unit of A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. This character encoding is used throughout The Americas, Western Europe, Oceania, and much of Africa. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' It is also commonly used in most standard romanizations of East-Asian languages.
Each character is encoded as a single eight-bit code value. These code values can be used in almost any data interchange system to communicate in the following European languages (with a few exceptions due to missing characters, as noted):
- Modern languages with complete coverage of their alphabet
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- Languages commonly supported with nearly complete coverage of their alphabet
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- Coverage of punctuation signs and apostrophes
For some languages listed above the correct typographical quotation marks are missing, for only « », " ", and ' ' are included. Afrikaans is an Indo-European language, derived from 17th century Dutch and classified as Low Franconian Germanic, mainly spoken in Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco - The Breton language ( Brezhoneg) formerly often called Armoric or Armorican, is a Celtic language spoken by some of the inhabitants of Brittany Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Faroese ( føroyskt ˈføːɹɪst or) often also spelled Faeroese (cf The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Icelandic ( is a North Germanic language, the language of Iceland. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The Kurdish alphabet is a Writing system for the Kurdish language. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Luxembourgish (lb Lëtzebuergesch Luxembourgeois Luxemburgisch Luxemburgs Lussimbordjwès also called Luxembourgian, also spelled Luxemburgish, is one of Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Romansh or Romansch may refer to Romansh language Romansh people Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Swahili (called Kiswahili in the language itself is the First language of the Swahili people (Waswahili who inhabit several large stretches Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the Walloon ( Walon) is a Romance language spoken as a second language by some in Wallonia, Belgium. Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Estonian (; ˈeːsti ˈkeːl is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1 The Grapheme Š, š (Latin S with Háček) is used in various contexts usually denoting the Voiceless postalveolar fricative, including The grapheme Ž ( minuscule: ž) is formed from Latin Z with the addition of Háček. ISO 8859-15 is part 15 of ISO 8859, a standard Character encoding defined by International Organization for Standardization. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people This article is about the typographic ligature for other uses see Oe Œ Diaeresis or trema See also Diaeresis History Historically the diaeresis mark or trema is far older than the umlaut mark ISO 8859-15 is part 15 of ISO 8859, a standard Character encoding defined by International Organization for Standardization. Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside The Grapheme Š, š (Latin S with Háček) is used in various contexts usually denoting the Voiceless postalveolar fricative, including The grapheme Ž ( minuscule: ž) is formed from Latin Z with the addition of Háček. ISO 8859-15 is part 15 of ISO 8859, a standard Character encoding defined by International Organization for Standardization. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable ISO 8859-14, also known as Latin-8 or "Celtic" is an 8-bit Character encoding, part of the ISO 8859 standard Quotation marks or inverted commas (informally referred to as quotes and speech marks) are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech
Also, this encoding does not provide the correct character for the apostrophe, and oriented single high quotation marks, although some texts use the spacing grave accent and spacing acute accent which are both part of ISO 8859-1, instead of the 6-shaped/9-shaped quotations marks or apostrophes (and this works reliably with some font styles where all these characters are displayed as slanted wedge glyphs).
See also: Alphabets derived from the Latin
History
ISO 8859-1 was based on the Multinational Character Set used by Digital Equipment Corporation in the popular VT220 terminal. Variants of the Latin alphabet are used by the Writing systems of many languages throughout the world The Multinational Character Set is a Character encoding created by Digital Equipment Corporation for use in the popular VT220 terminal. Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the Computer industry The VT220 was a terminal produced by Digital Equipment Corporation from 1983 to 1987. It was developed within ECMA, the European Computer Manufacturers Association, and published in March 1985 as ECMA-94, by which name it is still sometimes known. Ecma International (Ecma is an international private (membership-based non-profit Standards organization for information and communication systems The second edition of ECMA-94 (June 1986) also included ISO 8859-2, ISO 8859-3, and ISO 8859-4 as part of the specification
Relationship to ISO/IEC 8859-15
Although ISO/IEC 8859-1 has enough characters for most French text, it is missing a few letters that are less common. ISO 8859-2, more formally cited as ISO/IEC 8859-2 or less formally as Latin-2, is part 2 of ISO/IEC 8859, a standard Character encoding defined by ISO 8859-3, also known as Latin-3 or "South European" is an 8-bit Character encoding, part of the ISO 8859 standard ISO 8859-4, also known as Latin-4 or "North European" is an 8-bit Character encoding, part of the ISO 8859 standard It is also missing a single-glyph representation for the letter IJ, two Finnish letters used for transcription of some foreign names and in a few loanwords (Š and Ž), typographic quotation marks and dashes, and common symbols such as the euro sign (€) and dagger (†). Quotation marks or inverted commas (informally referred to as quotes and speech marks) are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech A dash is a Punctuation mark It is longer than a Hyphen and is used differently The euro sign (€ is the Currency sign used for the Euro, the official currency of the European Union (EU A dagger ( †, &dagger U+ 2020 is a typographical symbol or Glyph.
In order to provide some of these characters, ISO/IEC 8859-15 was developed as an update of ISO/IEC 8859-1. ISO 8859-15 is part 15 of ISO 8859, a standard Character encoding defined by International Organization for Standardization. This required, however, the removal of some infrequently-used characters from ISO/IEC 8859-1, including fraction symbols and letter-free diacritics: ¤, ¦, ¨, ´, ¸, ¼, ½, and ¾.
Codepage layout
Since all 191 characters encoded by ISO/IEC 8859-1 are 'graphic' (ISO's term for characters that are not control codes) and are compatible with most web browsers, they can be shown as glyphs in the following table. A glyph is an element of writing Two or more glyphs representing the same symbol whether interchangeable or context-dependent are called Allographs the abstract unit they Since the space, no-break space, and soft hyphen characters would not normally be visible, they are represented by abbreviations for their names. All other characters are represented literally. Row and column headings indicate the hexadecimal digit combinations to produce the eight-bit code value; e. In Mathematics and Computer science, hexadecimal (also base -, hexa, or hex) is a Numeral system with a g. , the letter L is at code value 4C.
| ISO/IEC 8859-1 (Latin-1) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 | —A | —B | —C | —D | —E | —F | |
| 0− |
||||||||||||||||
| 1− |
||||||||||||||||
| 2− |
SP 0020 32 |
! 0021 33 |
" 0022 34 |
# 0023 35 |
$ 0024 36 |
% 0025 37 |
& 0026 38 |
' 0027 39 |
( 0028 40 |
) 0029 41 |
* 002A 42 |
+ 002B 43 |
, 002C 44 |
- 002D 45 |
. 002E 46 |
/ 002F 47 |
| 3− |
0 0030 48 |
1 0031 49 |
2 0032 50 |
3 0033 51 |
4 0034 52 |
5 0035 53 |
6 0036 54 |
7 0037 55 |
8 0038 56 |
9 0039 57 |
: 003A 58 |
; 003B 59 |
< 003C 60 |
= 003D 61 |
> 003E 62 |
? 003F 63 |
| 4− |
@ 0040 64 |
A 0041 65 |
B 0042 66 |
C 0043 67 |
D 0044 68 |
E 0045 69 |
F 0046 70 |
G 0047 71 |
H 0048 72 |
I 0049 73 |
J 004A 74 |
K 004B 75 |
L 004C 76 |
M 004D 77 |
N 004E 78 |
O 004F 79 |
| 5− |
P 0050 80 |
Q 0051 81 |
R 0052 82 |
S 0053 83 |
T 0054 84 |
U 0055 85 |
V 0056 86 |
W 0057 87 |
X 0058 88 |
Y 0059 89 |
Z 005A 90 |
[ 005B 91 |
\ 005C 92 |
] 005D 93 |
^ 005E 94 |
_ 005F 95 |
| 6− |
` 0060 96 |
a 0061 97 |
b 0062 98 |
c 0063 99 |
d 0064 100 |
e 0065 101 |
f 0066 102 |
g 0067 103 |
h 0068 104 |
i 0069 105 |
j 006A 106 |
k 006B 107 |
l 006C 108 |
m 006D 109 |
n 006E 110 |
o 006F 111 |
| 7− |
p 0070 112 |
q 0071 113 |
r 0072 114 |
s 0073 115 |
t 0074 116 |
u 0075 117 |
v 0076 118 |
w 0077 119 |
x 0078 120 |
y 0079 121 |
z 007A 122 |
{ 007B 123 |
| 007C 124 |
} 007D 125 |
~ 007E 126 |
|
| 8− |
||||||||||||||||
| 9− |
||||||||||||||||
| A− |
NBSP 00A0 160 |
¡ 00A1 161 |
¢ 00A2 162 |
£ 00A3 163 |
¤ 00A4 164 |
¥ 00A5 165 |
¦ 00A6 166 |
§ 00A7 167 |
¨ 00A8 168 |
© 00A9 169 |
ª 00AA 170 |
« 00AB 171 |
¬ 00AC 172 |
SHY 00AD 173 |
® 00AE 174 |
¯ 00AF 175 |
| B− |
° 00B0 176 |
± 00B1 177 |
² 00B2 178 |
³ 00B3 179 |
´ 00B4 180 |
µ 00B5 181 |
¶ 00B6 182 |
· 00B7 183 |
¸ 00B8 184 |
¹ 00B9 185 |
º 00BA 186 |
» 00BB 187 |
¼ 00BC 188 |
½ 00BD 189 |
¾ 00BE 190 |
¿ 00BF 191 |
| C− |
À 00C0 192 |
Á 00C1 193 |
 00C2 194 |
à 00C3 195 |
Ä 00C4 196 |
Å 00C5 197 |
Æ 00C6 198 |
Ç 00C7 199 |
È 00C8 200 |
É 00C9 201 |
Ê 00CA 202 |
Ë 00CB 203 |
Ì 00CC 204 |
Í 00CD 205 |
Î 00CE 206 |
Ï 00CF 207 |
| D− |
Ð 00D0 208 |
Ñ 00D1 209 |
Ò 00D2 210 |
Ó 00D3 211 |
Ô 00D4 212 |
Õ 00D5 213 |
Ö 00D6 214 |
× 00D7 215 |
Ø 00D8 216 |
Ù 00D9 217 |
Ú 00DA 218 |
Û 00DB 219 |
Ü 00DC 220 |
Ý 00DD 221 |
Þ 00DE 222 |
ß 00DF 223 |
| E− |
à 00E0 224 |
á 00E1 225 |
â 00E2 226 |
ã 00E3 227 |
ä 00E4 228 |
å 00E5 229 |
æ 00E6 230 |
ç 00E7 231 |
è 00E8 232 |
é 00E9 233 |
ê 00EA 234 |
ë 00EB 235 |
ì 00EC 236 |
í 00ED 237 |
î 00EE 238 |
ï 00EF 239 |
| F− |
ð 00F0 240 |
ñ 00F1 241 |
ò 00F2 242 |
ó 00F3 243 |
ô 00F4 244 |
õ 00F5 245 |
ö 00F6 246 |
÷ 00F7 247 |
ø 00F8 248 |
ù 00F9 249 |
ú 00FA 250 |
û 00FB 251 |
ü 00FC 252 |
ý 00FD 253 |
þ 00FE 254 |
ÿ 00FF 255 |
| —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 | —A | —B | —C | —D | —E | —F | |
Code values 00–1F, 7F–9F are not assigned to characters by ISO/IEC 8859-1. In writing a space () is a blank area that is devoid of content which separates words letters numbers and punctuation Quotation marks or inverted commas (informally referred to as quotes and speech marks) are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech Number sign is a name for the symbol #; it is the preferred Unicode name for the Code point associated with that Glyph. The percent sign ( %) is the symbol used to indicate a Percentage (that the preceding number is divided by one hundred An ampersand ( &) also commonly called an " 'and' sign," is a Logogram representing the conjunction "and" Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text An asterisk ( *) (Latin asteriscum "little star" from Greek ἀστερίσκος) is a Typographical symbol or Glyph The plus and minus signs ( + and &minus) are Mathematical symbols used to represent the notions of positive and negative as well as the operations A comma ( , is a Punctuation mark It has the same shape as an Apostrophe or single closing Quotation mark in many typefaces but it differs The plus and minus signs ( + and &minus) are Mathematical symbols used to represent the notions of positive and negative as well as the operations A full stop or period (sometimes stop, full point, decimal point, or dot) is the Punctuation mark commonly placed at the The slash ( /) is a punctuation mark It is also called a virgule, diagonal, stroke, forward slash, oblique dash, Mathematics For any number x: x ·1 = 1· x = x (1 is the multiplicative identity In mathematics Two has many properties in Mathematics. An Integer is called Even if it is divisible by 2 ---- In mathematics Three is the first odd Prime number, and the second smallest prime In mathematics Four is the smallest Composite number, its proper Divisors being and. This article discusses the number five. For the year 5 AD see 5. In mathematics Six is the second smallest Composite number, its proper Divisors being 1, 2 and 3. In mathematics Seven is the fourth Prime number. It is not only a Mersenne prime (since 23 &minus 1 = 7 but also a In mathematics 8 is a Composite number, its Proper divisors being 1, 2, and 4. In mathematics Nine is a Composite number, its proper Divisors being 1 and 3. A semicolon ( ) is a conventional Punctuation mark with several usages Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text History The "=" symbol that is now universally accepted by mathematics for equality was first recorded by Welsh mathematician Robert Recorde in The Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text The question mark (? also known as an interrogation point, question point, query, or eroteme, is a punctuation mark that replaces The typographic character @, the at sign, denotes a pan-lingual abbreviation of the word 'at' The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text The backslash ( \) is a typographical mark ( Glyph) used chiefly in Computing. Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable The underscore _ (also called understrike, underbar, low line, or low dash is a character that originally appeared on the Typewriter. Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text In Unix-like computer Operating systems a pipeline is the original software pipeline: a set of processes chained by their Standard Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text The tilde (~ (/ˈtɪldə/ is a Grapheme with several uses The name of the character comes from Spanish, from the Latin titulus In computer-based Text processing and Digital typesetting, a non-breaking space or no-break space ( NBSP) is In many national currencies, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic monetary unit See also Pound (currency.The pound sign (" £ " or " ₤ " is the symbol for the Pound sterling —the currency of the The currency sign ( ¤) is a character used to denote a currency when the symbol for a particular currency is unavailable Note "broken bar" and the glyph "¦" redirect here The section sign (§ Unicode U+00A7 HTML entity § is a typographical character used mainly to refer to a particular section In Linguistics, diaeresis, or dieresis, is the pronunciation of two adjacent Vowels in two separate Syllables rather than as a Diphthong copyright symbol, designated by © (a circled "C" is the Symbol used to provide notice of Copyright in works other than sound recordings (which º redirects here It is not to be confused with the Degree symbol ° Quotation marks, also called quotes, speech marks or inverted commas, are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech a quotation In Logic and Mathematics, negation or not is an operation on Logical values for example the logical value of a Proposition A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual A macron, from Greek el μακρόv ( makrón) meaning "long" is a Diacritic ¯ placed over or under a Vowel which was originally The degree symbol (° Unicode: U+00B0 HTML: ° is a typographical symbol or Glyph, that is used to represent degrees of arc (see ± The In Algebra, the square of a number is that number multiplied by itself In Arithmetic and Algebra, the cube of a number n is its third power &mdash the result of multiplying it by itself three times History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. micro- ( µ) is a prefix in the SI and other systems of units denoting a factor of 10&minus6 (one Millionth. The pilcrow (¶ Unicode U+00B6 HTML entity ¶ also called the Paragraph sign or the alinea ( An interpunct ( ·) is a small dot used for Interword separation in ancient Latin script, being perhaps the first consistent visual representation of word boundaries Unicode has subscripted and superscripted versions of a number of characters including a full set of Arabic numerals. º redirects here It is not to be confused with the Degree symbol ° Quotation marks, also called quotes, speech marks or inverted commas, are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech a quotation The question mark (? also known as an interrogation point, question point, query, or eroteme, is a punctuation mark that replaces Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Á, á ( A - acute) is a letter of the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Slovak languages Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets à / ã ( A - Tilde) is a letter used in some languages generally considered a variant of the letter A. " Ä " or " ä " is a character which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets or the letter A with The letter Å represents various sounds in the Swedish, Finnish (although no native Finnish words contain the letter å Danish, Norwegian Æ ( minuscule: æ) is a Grapheme formed from the letters A and E. È can be The letter E with a Grave accent. 鄂 or È is an abbreviation for the Hubei province of the É, é ( E - acute) is a letter of Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, and Uyghur language Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. Ë, ë ( E - umlaut or diaeresis) is a letter of Albanian and Kashubian language. Letter Ü The letter Ü occurs in Hungarian, Karelian, Turkish, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean Í, í ( I - acute) is a letter of Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Czech, Slovak, and Tatar language Î, î ( I - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Romanian language. Ï is a symbol used in various languages written with the Latin alphabet. Eth ( Ð, ð; also spelled edh or eð) is a letter used in Old English, Icelandic, Faroese (in Ñ (lower case ñ) is a letter of the modern Roman alphabet formed by an N with a diacritical Tilde. Ò, ò ( O - grave) is a letter of Kashubian language. This letter also appears in Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Ó, ó ( O - acute) is a letter in the Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Polish, Czech Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable Estonian In Estonian, Õ is the 27th letter of the alphabet (between W and Ä) representing the Close-mid back unrounded vowel O-Umlaut The glyph O with Umlaut appears in the German alphabet. The multiplication sign is the symbol × ( multiplication sign is the preferred Unicode name for the Codepoint represented by that Glyph The " Ø " ( minuscule: " ø " is a Vowel and a letter used in the Danish, Faroese and Norwegian Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. Û is used in the ISO 91995 system of Cyrillic transliteration as the letter Ю. Letter Ü The letter Ü occurs in Hungarian, Karelian, Turkish, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Thorn, or þorn (Þ þ is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic Alphabets It was also used in Medieval Scandinavia The letter ß ( Unicode U+00DF is a letter in the German alphabet. Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Á, á ( A - acute) is a letter of the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Slovak languages Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets à / ã ( A - Tilde) is a letter used in some languages generally considered a variant of the letter A. " Ä " or " ä " is a character which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets or the letter A with The letter Å represents various sounds in the Swedish, Finnish (although no native Finnish words contain the letter å Danish, Norwegian Æ ( minuscule: æ) is a Grapheme formed from the letters A and E. Ç, ç ( C - Cedilla) is a letter of Albanian, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Tatar, Kurdish language È can be The letter E with a Grave accent. 鄂 or È is an abbreviation for the Hubei province of the É, é ( E - acute) is a letter of Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, and Uyghur language Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. Ë, ë ( E - umlaut or diaeresis) is a letter of Albanian and Kashubian language. Letter Ü The letter Ü occurs in Hungarian, Karelian, Turkish, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean Í, í ( I - acute) is a letter of Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Czech, Slovak, and Tatar language Î, î ( I - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Romanian language. Ï is a symbol used in various languages written with the Latin alphabet. Eth ( Ð, ð; also spelled edh or eð) is a letter used in Old English, Icelandic, Faroese (in Ñ (lower case ñ) is a letter of the modern Roman alphabet formed by an N with a diacritical Tilde. Ò, ò ( O - grave) is a letter of Kashubian language. This letter also appears in Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Ó, ó ( O - acute) is a letter in the Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Polish, Czech Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable Estonian In Estonian, Õ is the 27th letter of the alphabet (between W and Ä) representing the Close-mid back unrounded vowel O-Umlaut The glyph O with Umlaut appears in the German alphabet. The word " obelus " is also an alternative name for the dagger († symbol The " Ø " ( minuscule: " ø " is a Vowel and a letter used in the Danish, Faroese and Norwegian Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. Û is used in the ISO 91995 system of Cyrillic transliteration as the letter Ю. Letter Ü The letter Ü occurs in Hungarian, Karelian, Turkish, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Thorn, or þorn (Þ þ is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic Alphabets It was also used in Medieval Scandinavia Diaeresis or trema See also Diaeresis History Historically the diaeresis mark or trema is far older than the umlaut mark
The lower range 20 to 7E (the G0 subset) maps exactly to the same coded G0 subset of the ISO 646 US variant (commonly known as ASCII), whose ISO 2022 standard switch sequence is "ESC ( B". American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) ISO 2022, more formally ISO/IEC 2022 "Information Technology—Character code structure and extension techniques" is an ISO standard (equivalent to the The higher range A0 to FF (the G1 subset) maps exactly to the same subset initiated by the ISO 2022 standard switch sequence "ESC . ISO 2022, more formally ISO/IEC 2022 "Information Technology—Character code structure and extension techniques" is an ISO standard (equivalent to the A".
Related character maps
The ISO/IEC 8859-1 standard has long been the basis of a number of character maps, also known as character sets, charsets, or code pages, the most popular being ISO-8859-1 (note the extra hyphen) and Windows-1252. Windows-1252 (also known as WinLatin1) is a Character encoding of the Latin alphabet, used by default in the legacy components of Microsoft Windows Both of these maps are a superset of ISO/IEC 8859-1; they supplement the standard's 191 character assignments by mapping additional characters to at least some portion of the code value ranges 00–1F, 7F, and 80–9F.
ISO-8859-1
In 1992, the IANA registered the character map ISO_8859-1:1987, more commonly known by its preferred MIME name of ISO-8859-1 (note the extra hyphen over ISO 8859-1), a superset of ISO 8859-1, for use on the Internet. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA is the entity that oversees global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, media types Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions ( MIME) is an Internet standard that extends the format of e-mail to support text in Character The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks This map assigns the C0 and C1 control characters to the code values 00–1F, 7F, and 80–9F. Control character article i need to think about merging these It thus provides for 256 characters via every possible 8-bit value.
ISO-8859-1 is (according to the standards at least) the default encoding of documents delivered via HTTP with a MIME type beginning with "text/". Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP) is a Communications protocol for the transfer of information on the Internet. An Internet media type, originally called a MIME type after MIME and sometimes a Content-type after the name of a header in several protocols whose value It is the default encoding of the values of certain descriptive HTTP headers, and is the standard encoding used by the X Window System on most Unix machines in locales which use that character set. Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with Small caps) is a computer It was also the basis of the repertoire of characters allowed in HTML 3. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure 2 documents (HTML 4. 0, however, is based on Unicode). In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's
Escape sequences (from ISO/IEC 6429 or ISO/IEC 2022) are not to be interpreted in documents labeled as ISO-8859-1 encoded. ISO 2022, more formally ISO/IEC 2022 "Information Technology—Character code structure and extension techniques" is an ISO standard (equivalent to the As well as the canonical name and preferred MIME name mentioned above, the following other aliases are registered for ISO-8859-1: ISO_8859-1, ISO-8859-1, iso-ir-100, csISOLatin1, latin1, l1, IBM819, CP819. ISO-8859-1 was also incorporated as the first 256 code points of ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode. The Universal Character Set (UCS defined by the ISO / IEC 10646 International Standard, is a standard set of characters upon which In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's
|
|
| ISO-8859-1 | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 | —A | —B | —C | —D | —E | —F | |
| 0− |
NUL 0000 0 |
SOH 0001 1 |
STX 0002 2 |
ETX 0003 3 |
EOT 0004 4 |
ENQ 0005 5 |
ACK 0006 6 |
BEL 0007 7 |
BS 0008 8 |
HT 0009 9 |
LF 000A 10 |
VT 000B 11 |
FF 000C 12 |
CR 000D 13 |
SO 000E 14 |
SI 000F 15 |
| 1− |
DLE 0010 16 |
DC1 0011 17 |
DC2 0012 18 |
DC3 0013 19 |
DC4 0014 20 |
NAK 0015 21 |
SYN 0016 22 |
ETB 0017 23 |
CAN 0018 24 |
EM 0019 25 |
SUB 001A 26 |
ESC 001B 27 |
FS 001C 28 |
GS 001D 29 |
RS 001E 30 |
US 001F 31 |
| 2− |
SP 0020 32 |
! 0021 33 |
" 0022 34 |
# 0023 35 |
$ 0024 36 |
% 0025 37 |
& 0026 38 |
' 0027 39 |
( 0028 40 |
) 0029 41 |
* 002A 42 |
+ 002B 43 |
, 002C 44 |
- 002D 45 |
. 002E 46 |
/ 002F 47 |
| 3− |
0 0030 48 |
1 0031 49 |
2 0032 50 |
3 0033 51 |
4 0034 52 |
5 0035 53 |
6 0036 54 |
7 0037 55 |
8 0038 56 |
9 0039 57 |
: 003A 58 |
; 003B 59 |
< 003C 60 |
= 003D 61 |
> 003E 62 |
? 003F 63 |
| 4− |
@ 0040 64 |
A 0041 65 |
B 0042 66 |
C 0043 67 |
D 0044 68 |
E 0045 69 |
F 0046 70 |
G 0047 71 |
H 0048 72 |
I 0049 73 |
J 004A 74 |
K 004B 75 |
L 004C 76 |
M 004D 77 |
N 004E 78 |
O 004F 79 |
| 5− |
P 0050 80 |
Q 0051 81 |
R 0052 82 |
S 0053 83 |
T 0054 84 |
U 0055 85 |
V 0056 86 |
W 0057 87 |
X 0058 88 |
Y 0059 89 |
Z 005A 90 |
[ 005B 91 |
\ 005C 92 |
] 005D 93 |
^ 005E 94 |
_ 005F 95 |
| 6− |
` 0060 96 |
a 0061 97 |
b 0062 98 |
c 0063 99 |
d 0064 100 |
e 0065 101 |
f 0066 102 |
g 0067 103 |
h 0068 104 |
i 0069 105 |
j 006A 106 |
k 006B 107 |
l 006C 108 |
m 006D 109 |
n 006E 110 |
o 006F 111 |
| 7− |
p 0070 112 |
q 0071 113 |
r 0072 114 |
s 0073 115 |
t 0074 116 |
u 0075 117 |
v 0076 118 |
w 0077 119 |
x 0078 120 |
y 0079 121 |
z 007A 122 |
{ 007B 123 |
| 007C 124 |
} 007D 125 |
~ 007E 126 |
DEL 007F 127 |
| 8− |
PAD 0080 128 |
HOP 0081 129 |
BPH 0082 130 |
NBH 0083 131 |
IND 0084 132 |
NEL 0085 133 |
SSA 0086 134 |
ESA 0087 135 |
HTS 0088 136 |
HTJ 0089 137 |
VTS 008A 138 |
PLD 008B 139 |
PLU 008C 140 |
RI 008D 141 |
SS2 008E 142 |
SS3 008F 143 |
| 9− |
DCS 0090 144 |
PU1 0091 145 |
PU2 0092 146 |
STS 0093 147 |
CCH 0094 148 |
MW 0095 149 |
SPA 0096 150 |
EPA 0097 151 |
SOS 0098 152 |
SGCI 0099 153 |
SCI 009A 154 |
CSI 009B 155 |
ST 009C 156 |
OSC 009D 157 |
PM 009E 158 |
APC 009F 159 |
| A− |
NBSP 00A0 160 |
¡ 00A1 161 |
¢ 00A2 162 |
£ 00A3 163 |
¤ 00A4 164 |
¥ 00A5 165 |
¦ 00A6 166 |
§ 00A7 167 |
¨ 00A8 168 |
© 00A9 169 |
ª 00AA 170 |
« 00AB 171 |
¬ 00AC 172 |
SHY 00AD 173 |
® 00AE 174 |
¯ 00AF 175 |
| B− |
° 00B0 176 |
± 00B1 177 |
² 00B2 178 |
³ 00B3 179 |
´ 00B4 180 |
µ 00B5 181 |
¶ 00B6 182 |
· 00B7 183 |
¸ 00B8 184 |
¹ 00B9 185 |
º 00BA 186 |
» 00BB 187 |
¼ 00BC 188 |
½ 00BD 189 |
¾ 00BE 190 |
¿ 00BF 191 |
| C− |
À 00C0 192 |
Á 00C1 193 |
 00C2 194 |
à 00C3 195 |
Ä 00C4 196 |
Å 00C5 197 |
Æ 00C6 198 |
Ç 00C7 199 |
È 00C8 200 |
É 00C9 201 |
Ê 00CA 202 |
Ë 00CB 203 |
Ì 00CC 204 |
Í 00CD 205 |
Î 00CE 206 |
Ï 00CF 207 |
| D− |
Ð 00D0 208 |
Ñ 00D1 209 |
Ò 00D2 210 |
Ó 00D3 211 |
Ô 00D4 212 |
Õ 00D5 213 |
Ö 00D6 214 |
× 00D7 215 |
Ø 00D8 216 |
Ù 00D9 217 |
Ú 00DA 218 |
Û 00DB 219 |
Ü 00DC 220 |
Ý 00DD 221 |
Þ 00DE 222 |
ß 00DF 223 |
| E− |
à 00E0 224 |
á 00E1 225 |
â 00E2 226 |
ã 00E3 227 |
ä 00E4 228 |
å 00E5 229 |
æ 00E6 230 |
ç 00E7 231 |
è 00E8 232 |
é 00E9 233 |
ê 00EA 234 |
ë 00EB 235 |
ì 00EC 236 |
í 00ED 237 |
î 00EE 238 |
ï 00EF 239 |
| F− |
ð 00F0 240 |
ñ 00F1 241 |
ò 00F2 242 |
ó 00F3 243 |
ô 00F4 244 |
õ 00F5 245 |
ö 00F6 246 |
÷ 00F7 247 |
ø 00F8 248 |
ù 00F9 249 |
ú 00FA 250 |
û 00FB 251 |
ü 00FC 252 |
ý 00FD 253 |
þ 00FE 254 |
ÿ 00FF 255 |
| —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 | —A | —B | —C | —D | —E | —F | |
Note that most of these control characters are not made for use in portable ISO-8859-1 encoded plain text documents, but only within specific protocols or devices, except a few ones whose behavior are standardized: TAB (09), LF (0A), CR (0D) and NEL (85); all but the first one are used to encode end of lines or to separate paragraphs, and TAB is often considered equivalent to whitespace. The null character (also null terminator) is a character with the value zero present in the ASCII and Unicode character sets and available Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these The End Of Text character (ETX is an ASCII Control character used to inform the receiving computer that the end of the data stream has been reached In Telecommunication, an end-of-transmission character (EOT is a transmission Control character used to indicate the conclusion of a transmission that For Teleprinters Acknowledge character (ACK is a transmission control character transmitted by the receiving station as an affirmative response to the sending station Bell character is an ASCII Control character, code 7 (^G When it is sent to a printer or a terminal, nothing is printed but an Backspace is the keyboard key that originally pushed the Typewriter carriage one position backwards and in modern computer displays moves the cursor one position backwards Tab key (abbreviation of tabulator key) on a keyboard is used to advance the cursor to the next Tab stop. In Computing, a newline (also known as a line break or end-of-line / EOL character is a special character or sequence of characters Tab key (abbreviation of tabulator key) on a keyboard is used to advance the cursor to the next Tab stop. A page break is a marker in an electronic Document, which tells the document interpreter that the contents which follows is part of a new page Originally carriage return was the term for the control character in Baudot code on a teletypewriter for end of line Return to beginning of line and Shift Out (SO and Shift In (SI are ASCII Control characters 14 and 15 respectively (0xE and 0xF Shift Out (SO and Shift In (SI are ASCII Control characters 14 and 15 respectively (0xE and 0xF Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these In Telecommunications a negative-acknowledge character (NAK is a transmission Control character sent by a station as a negative Response Control character article i need to think about merging these In the C0 control code set used in ASCII, ETB is a short name for the "End Transmission Block" control character (code 23 or 0x17 In Telecommunication, the term cancel character has the following meanings A precision Control character (In Unicode, the Control character article i need to think about merging these Substitute character (␚ A control character that is used in the place of a character that is recognized to be invalid or in error or that cannot be represented on a given device In Computing and Telecommunication, an escape character is a single character which in a sequence of characters signifies that what is to follow takes an alternative Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these The delete key, known less ambiguously as forward delete, Del, or ⌦, performs a function when struck on a Computer In Telecommunication, the term cancel character has the following meanings A precision Control character (In Unicode, the ANSI escape codes are used to control text formatting and other output options on Text terminals In this context ANSI refers to the ANSI X3 The null character (also null terminator) is a character with the value zero present in the ASCII and Unicode character sets and available Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these The End Of Text character (ETX is an ASCII Control character used to inform the receiving computer that the end of the data stream has been reached In Telecommunication, an end-of-transmission character (EOT is a transmission Control character used to indicate the conclusion of a transmission that Control character article i need to think about merging these For Teleprinters Acknowledge character (ACK is a transmission control character transmitted by the receiving station as an affirmative response to the sending station Bell character is an ASCII Control character, code 7 (^G When it is sent to a printer or a terminal, nothing is printed but an Backspace is the keyboard key that originally pushed the Typewriter carriage one position backwards and in modern computer displays moves the cursor one position backwards Tab key (abbreviation of tabulator key) on a keyboard is used to advance the cursor to the next Tab stop. In Computing, a newline (also known as a line break or end-of-line / EOL character is a special character or sequence of characters Tab key (abbreviation of tabulator key) on a keyboard is used to advance the cursor to the next Tab stop. A page break is a marker in an electronic Document, which tells the document interpreter that the contents which follows is part of a new page Originally carriage return was the term for the control character in Baudot code on a teletypewriter for end of line Return to beginning of line and Shift Out (SO and Shift In (SI are ASCII Control characters 14 and 15 respectively (0xE and 0xF Shift Out (SO and Shift In (SI are ASCII Control characters 14 and 15 respectively (0xE and 0xF Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these In Telecommunications a negative-acknowledge character (NAK is a transmission Control character sent by a station as a negative Response Control character article i need to think about merging these In the C0 control code set used in ASCII, ETB is a short name for the "End Transmission Block" control character (code 23 or 0x17 Control character article i need to think about merging these Substitute character (␚ A control character that is used in the place of a character that is recognized to be invalid or in error or that cannot be represented on a given device In Computing and Telecommunication, an escape character is a single character which in a sequence of characters signifies that what is to follow takes an alternative Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these Control character article i need to think about merging these In writing a space () is a blank area that is devoid of content which separates words letters numbers and punctuation Quotation marks or inverted commas (informally referred to as quotes and speech marks) are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech Number sign is a name for the symbol #; it is the preferred Unicode name for the Code point associated with that Glyph. The percent sign ( %) is the symbol used to indicate a Percentage (that the preceding number is divided by one hundred An ampersand ( &) also commonly called an " 'and' sign," is a Logogram representing the conjunction "and" Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text An asterisk ( *) (Latin asteriscum "little star" from Greek ἀστερίσκος) is a Typographical symbol or Glyph The plus and minus signs ( + and &minus) are Mathematical symbols used to represent the notions of positive and negative as well as the operations A comma ( , is a Punctuation mark It has the same shape as an Apostrophe or single closing Quotation mark in many typefaces but it differs The plus and minus signs ( + and &minus) are Mathematical symbols used to represent the notions of positive and negative as well as the operations A full stop or period (sometimes stop, full point, decimal point, or dot) is the Punctuation mark commonly placed at the The slash ( /) is a punctuation mark It is also called a virgule, diagonal, stroke, forward slash, oblique dash, Mathematics For any number x: x ·1 = 1· x = x (1 is the multiplicative identity In mathematics Two has many properties in Mathematics. An Integer is called Even if it is divisible by 2 ---- In mathematics Three is the first odd Prime number, and the second smallest prime In mathematics Four is the smallest Composite number, its proper Divisors being and. This article discusses the number five. For the year 5 AD see 5. In mathematics Six is the second smallest Composite number, its proper Divisors being 1, 2 and 3. In mathematics Seven is the fourth Prime number. It is not only a Mersenne prime (since 23 &minus 1 = 7 but also a In mathematics 8 is a Composite number, its Proper divisors being 1, 2, and 4. In mathematics Nine is a Composite number, its proper Divisors being 1 and 3. A semicolon ( ) is a conventional Punctuation mark with several usages Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text History The "=" symbol that is now universally accepted by mathematics for equality was first recorded by Welsh mathematician Robert Recorde in The Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text The question mark (? also known as an interrogation point, question point, query, or eroteme, is a punctuation mark that replaces The typographic character @, the at sign, denotes a pan-lingual abbreviation of the word 'at' The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text The backslash ( \) is a typographical mark ( Glyph) used chiefly in Computing. Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable The underscore _ (also called understrike, underbar, low line, or low dash is a character that originally appeared on the Typewriter. Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text In Unix-like computer Operating systems a pipeline is the original software pipeline: a set of processes chained by their Standard Brackets are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text The tilde (~ (/ˈtɪldə/ is a Grapheme with several uses The name of the character comes from Spanish, from the Latin titulus The delete key, known less ambiguously as forward delete, Del, or ⌦, performs a function when struck on a Computer In computer-based Text processing and Digital typesetting, a non-breaking space or no-break space ( NBSP) is In many national currencies, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic monetary unit See also Pound (currency.The pound sign (" £ " or " ₤ " is the symbol for the Pound sterling —the currency of the The currency sign ( ¤) is a character used to denote a currency when the symbol for a particular currency is unavailable Note "broken bar" and the glyph "¦" redirect here The section sign (§ Unicode U+00A7 HTML entity § is a typographical character used mainly to refer to a particular section In Linguistics, diaeresis, or dieresis, is the pronunciation of two adjacent Vowels in two separate Syllables rather than as a Diphthong copyright symbol, designated by © (a circled "C" is the Symbol used to provide notice of Copyright in works other than sound recordings (which º redirects here It is not to be confused with the Degree symbol ° Quotation marks, also called quotes, speech marks or inverted commas, are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech a quotation In Logic and Mathematics, negation or not is an operation on Logical values for example the logical value of a Proposition A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual A macron, from Greek el μακρόv ( makrón) meaning "long" is a Diacritic ¯ placed over or under a Vowel which was originally The degree symbol (° Unicode: U+00B0 HTML: ° is a typographical symbol or Glyph, that is used to represent degrees of arc (see ± The In Algebra, the square of a number is that number multiplied by itself In Arithmetic and Algebra, the cube of a number n is its third power &mdash the result of multiplying it by itself three times History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. micro- ( µ) is a prefix in the SI and other systems of units denoting a factor of 10&minus6 (one Millionth. The pilcrow (¶ Unicode U+00B6 HTML entity ¶ also called the Paragraph sign or the alinea ( An interpunct ( ·) is a small dot used for Interword separation in ancient Latin script, being perhaps the first consistent visual representation of word boundaries Unicode has subscripted and superscripted versions of a number of characters including a full set of Arabic numerals. º redirects here It is not to be confused with the Degree symbol ° Quotation marks, also called quotes, speech marks or inverted commas, are Punctuation marks used in pairs to set off speech a quotation The question mark (? also known as an interrogation point, question point, query, or eroteme, is a punctuation mark that replaces Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Á, á ( A - acute) is a letter of the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Slovak languages Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets à / ã ( A - Tilde) is a letter used in some languages generally considered a variant of the letter A. " Ä " or " ä " is a character which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets or the letter A with The letter Å represents various sounds in the Swedish, Finnish (although no native Finnish words contain the letter å Danish, Norwegian Æ ( minuscule: æ) is a Grapheme formed from the letters A and E. È can be The letter E with a Grave accent. 鄂 or È is an abbreviation for the Hubei province of the É, é ( E - acute) is a letter of Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, and Uyghur language Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. Ë, ë ( E - umlaut or diaeresis) is a letter of Albanian and Kashubian language. Letter Ü The letter Ü occurs in Hungarian, Karelian, Turkish, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean Í, í ( I - acute) is a letter of Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Czech, Slovak, and Tatar language Î, î ( I - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Romanian language. Ï is a symbol used in various languages written with the Latin alphabet. Eth ( Ð, ð; also spelled edh or eð) is a letter used in Old English, Icelandic, Faroese (in Ñ (lower case ñ) is a letter of the modern Roman alphabet formed by an N with a diacritical Tilde. Ò, ò ( O - grave) is a letter of Kashubian language. This letter also appears in Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Ó, ó ( O - acute) is a letter in the Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Polish, Czech Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable Estonian In Estonian, Õ is the 27th letter of the alphabet (between W and Ä) representing the Close-mid back unrounded vowel O-Umlaut The glyph O with Umlaut appears in the German alphabet. The multiplication sign is the symbol × ( multiplication sign is the preferred Unicode name for the Codepoint represented by that Glyph The " Ø " ( minuscule: " ø " is a Vowel and a letter used in the Danish, Faroese and Norwegian Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. Û is used in the ISO 91995 system of Cyrillic transliteration as the letter Ю. Letter Ü The letter Ü occurs in Hungarian, Karelian, Turkish, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Thorn, or þorn (Þ þ is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic Alphabets It was also used in Medieval Scandinavia The letter ß ( Unicode U+00DF is a letter in the German alphabet. Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Á, á ( A - acute) is a letter of the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Slovak languages Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets à / ã ( A - Tilde) is a letter used in some languages generally considered a variant of the letter A. " Ä " or " ä " is a character which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets or the letter A with The letter Å represents various sounds in the Swedish, Finnish (although no native Finnish words contain the letter å Danish, Norwegian Æ ( minuscule: æ) is a Grapheme formed from the letters A and E. Ç, ç ( C - Cedilla) is a letter of Albanian, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Tatar, Kurdish language È can be The letter E with a Grave accent. 鄂 or È is an abbreviation for the Hubei province of the É, é ( E - acute) is a letter of Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, and Uyghur language Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. Ë, ë ( E - umlaut or diaeresis) is a letter of Albanian and Kashubian language. Letter Ü The letter Ü occurs in Hungarian, Karelian, Turkish, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean Í, í ( I - acute) is a letter of Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Czech, Slovak, and Tatar language Î, î ( I - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Romanian language. Ï is a symbol used in various languages written with the Latin alphabet. Eth ( Ð, ð; also spelled edh or eð) is a letter used in Old English, Icelandic, Faroese (in Ñ (lower case ñ) is a letter of the modern Roman alphabet formed by an N with a diacritical Tilde. Ò, ò ( O - grave) is a letter of Kashubian language. This letter also appears in Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Ó, ó ( O - acute) is a letter in the Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Polish, Czech Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable Estonian In Estonian, Õ is the 27th letter of the alphabet (between W and Ä) representing the Close-mid back unrounded vowel O-Umlaut The glyph O with Umlaut appears in the German alphabet. The word " obelus " is also an alternative name for the dagger († symbol The " Ø " ( minuscule: " ø " is a Vowel and a letter used in the Danish, Faroese and Norwegian Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. Û is used in the ISO 91995 system of Cyrillic transliteration as the letter Ю. Letter Ü The letter Ü occurs in Hungarian, Karelian, Turkish, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Thorn, or þorn (Þ þ is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic Alphabets It was also used in Medieval Scandinavia Diaeresis or trema See also Diaeresis History Historically the diaeresis mark or trema is far older than the umlaut mark However FF (0C) is commonly accepted in some applications interpreting plain-text documents as an additional ignorable whitespace at the beginning of lines, to mark the position of an explicit page break when printing.
However, some encodings allow using BS (08) to create additional characters by emulating the superposition of multiple characters on printing devices.
Some ISO standards assign specific functions to some controls (for example in ISO 2022) where SO (0E), SI (0F), DLE (10), ESC (1B) and SS2 (8E) are used to control the encoding of characters after them or to switch between multiple encodings.
The NUL character (00) is commonly used as a string terminator in some programming languages, or as a filler in database records that must be ignored and is not part of the encoded text. STX (02) and ETX (03) are commonly used for delimiting frames in some transmission protocols. SUB (1A) is also commonly used as a replacement character to mark errors detected in input transmission streams, and it may be rendered graphically. DC1 (11) and DC3 (13) are commonly used in the XON/XOFF protocol for controlling the transmission speed. Finally, EM (19) or EOT (04) may be used as an end-of-file marker in some text file formats.
The ISO-8859-1/Windows-1252 mixup
It is very common to mislabel text data with the charset label ISO-8859-1, even though the data are really Windows-1252 encoded. Windows-1252 (also known as WinLatin1) is a Character encoding of the Latin alphabet, used by default in the legacy components of Microsoft Windows In Windows-1252, codes between 0x80 and 0x9F are used for letters and punctuation, whereas they are control codes in ISO-8859-1. Many web browsers and e-mail clients will interpret ISO-8859-1 control codes as Windows-1252 characters in order to accommodate such mislabeling but it is not a standard behaviour and care should be taken to avoid generating these characters in ISO-8859-1 labeled content.
Similar character sets
The Apple Macintosh computer introduced a character encoding called Mac Roman, or Mac-Roman, in 1984. Several binary representations of character sets for common Western European languages are compared in this article Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc Mac OS Roman is a Character encoding primarily used by Mac OS to represent text Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) It was meant to be suitable for Western European desktop publishing. Desktop publishing (also known as DTP) combines a Personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout Software to create Publication Documents It is a superset of ASCII, like ISO-8859-1, and has most of the characters that are in ISO-8859-1 but in a totally different arrangement. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) A later version, registered with IANA as "Macintosh", replaced the generic currency sign ¤ with the euro sign €. The currency sign ( ¤) is a character used to denote a currency when the symbol for a particular currency is unavailable The euro sign (€ is the Currency sign used for the Euro, the official currency of the European Union (EU The few printable characters that are in ISO 8859-1 but not in this set are often a source of trouble when editing text on websites using older Macintosh browsers (including the last version of Internet Explorer for Mac). Internet Explorer for Mac (also referred to as Internet Explorermac, IEmac or Internet Explorer Macintosh Edition) was a proprietary Web However the extra characters that Windows-1252 has in the C1 codepoint range are all supported in MacRoman and except for the few missing ISO-8859-1 characters a Macintosh can send/receive files (and email) that are encoded/marked as ISO-8859-1 (with the C1 Control Characters) and Windows-1252 by remapping the glyph's codepoint numbers.
DOS had code page 850, which had all printable characters that ISO-8859-1 had (albeit in a totally different arrangement) plus the most widely used graphics characters from code page 437. Code page 850 is a Code page that was used in western Europe under systems such as DOS. IBM PC or MS-DOS Code page 437, often abbreviated CP437 and also known as DOS-US, OEM-US or sometimes misleadingly referred
See also
External links
- ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998
- ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998 - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 1: Latin alphabet No. Unicode as of version 51 defines the following ranges for encoding the Latin alphabet and derived characters See also Mapping of Unicode characters 1 (draft dated February 12, 1998, published April 15, 1998)
- Standard ECMA-94: 8-Bit Single Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin Alphabets No. 1 to No. 4 2nd edition (June 1986)
- ISO-IR 100 Right-Hand Part of Latin Alphabet No. 1 (February 1, 1986)
- Windows Code pages
- Differences between ANSI, ISO-8859-1 and MacRoman Character Sets
- The Letter Database
- The ISO 8859 Alphabet Soup - Roman Czyborra's summary of ISO character sets
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